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21.
Intensive versus standard blood glucose awareness training (BGAT) with insulin-dependent diabetes: mechanisms and ancillary effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D J Cox L Gonder-Frederick D Julian P Cryer J H Lee F E Richards W Clarke 《Psychosomatic medicine》1991,53(4):453-462
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients make critical daily self-care decisions on the basis of what they estimate their blood glucose (BG) levels to be. This study: a) replicated efficacy of Standard Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT), b) evaluated the relative efficacy of an Intensive Blood Glucose Awareness Training (BGAT) to enhance patient accuracy of BG estimation, and c) evaluated the mechanisms and ancillary effects of BGAT. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Compared with Control, both Standard and Intensive BGAT improved accuracy (p less than 0.001). Intensive BGAT post-treatment accuracy relative to Standard BGAT did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.177). Greater improvement in accuracy was associated with poorer pretreatment accuracy. Only Intensive BGAT improved metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin), and this improvement was associated with poorer pretreatment control. The effects of BGAT were highly specific, affecting only accuracy and metabolic control, and not affecting fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes knowledge, of frequency of blood glucose monitoring. 相似文献
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As flap prefabrication becomes a more commonly used clinical tool, it is necessary to investigate the limitations of this technique. Reconstructive procedures of the face often require “custom fitted” flaps to satisfy esthetic demands. This study examines and compares the safety of manipulating thin prefabricated skin flaps versus established axial pattern skin flaps. Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were used to determine if prefabricated flaps can be folded 180° around the edge of the rabbits' ears. The survival of these folded prefabricated flaps was compared with the survival of axial pattern flaps sutured into an identically recipient site. In addition, flaps prefabricated in the same manner were sutured onto a straight recipient bed to evaluate the viability of the newly vascularized tissue. The folded prefabricated flaps had reduced survival (56%) compared to equivalent folded axial pattern flaps (85%), P<0.005. The nonmanipulated prefabricated flaps and axial pattern flaps survived completely. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Julian Knight 《Current infectious disease reports》2007,3(5):427-439
An increasing number of genetic association studies have implicated polymorphisms of cytokine genes as host genetic factors
influencing susceptibility to infectious disease, primarily using a candidate gene approach based on knowledge of disease
pathogenesis. The application and limitations of association studies are reviewed together with the impact of recent advances
in single nucleotide polymorphism mapping on strategic approaches to defining genetic susceptibility loci. It often remains
unclear whether associated genetic polymorphisms are themselves functionally relevant or acting only as markers within an
extended haplotype, and experimental approaches to investigating the functional impact of polymorphisms in noncoding regulatory
DNA sequences are discussed. An overview of genetic associations of cytokine genes with infectious disease is presented, together
with discussion of recent studies in a number of infectious diseases including hepatitis, HIV, malaria, and sepsis. 相似文献
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Caroline F Rowland Julian M Pine Elena V M Lieven Anna L Theakston 《J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res.》2005,48(2):384-404
Many current generativist theorists suggest that young children possess the grammatical principles of inversion required for question formation but make errors because they find it difficult to learn language-specific rules about how inversion applies. The present study analyzed longitudinal spontaneous sampled data from twelve 2-3-year-old English speaking children and the intensive diary data of 1 child (age 2;7 [years;months] to 2;11) in order to test some of these theories. The results indicated significantly different rates of error use across different auxiliaries. In particular, error rates differed across 2 forms of the same auxiliary subtype (e.g., auxiliary is vs. are), and auxiliary DO and modal auxiliaries attracted significantly higher rates of errors of inversion than other auxiliaries. The authors concluded that current generativist theories might have problems explaining the patterning of errors seen in children's questions, which might be more consistent with a constructivist account of development. However, constructivists need to devise more precise predictions in order to fully explain the acquisition of questions. 相似文献
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Julian C Hughes Tony Hope Julian Savulescu Sue Ziebland 《International journal of geriatric psychiatry》2002,17(1):35-40
BACKGROUND: Much has been written on ethical issues in dementia, but usually from the point of view of the various professionals involved. Whilst there has been an increasing amount of interest in the psychosocial problems that face the carers of people with dementia, the ethical nature of some of these problems has largely been ignored. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on ethical issues in dementia from the perspective of the main, non-professional carers of people with dementia. METHOD: A systematic literature search using Medline, Clinpsych and CINAHL databases between 1982 and 2000. A pilot study of carers. RESULTS: The lay perspective provides both a wide variety of issues and unique approaches. Although in the literature quantitative research answers some questions, it is qualitative research that deepens our understanding of the issues from the perspective of carers. CONCLUSION: It is particularly qualitative research that brings out the ethical issues for carers, which tend to be more varied than the ethical issues raised in the professional literature. Awareness of such issues could inform and shape the support given to carers. 相似文献