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81.
Dr Ian Freckelton SC 《Psychiatry, Psychology and Law》2013,20(2):191-195
Uncertainty has attended procedures for adjudging unfitness to stand trial in Victoria pursuant to the Crimes (Mental Impairment and Unfitness to be Tried) Act 1997 (Vic) and how “special hearings” should be conducted when a person is determined to be unfit to stand trial but does not wish to pursue the defence of not guilty because of mental impairment. In R v Langley [2008] VSCA 81, (2009) 19 VR 90 the Victorian Court of Appeal clarified the procedures to be employed at jury trials on such matters and quashed a decision not in conformity with proper procedures, making clear that denial of fairness to such accused persons has the potential to result in appealable error. 相似文献
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Kyoko Ohno-Matsui Pei-Chang Wu Kenji Yamashiro Kritchai Vutipongsatorn Yuxin Fang Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung Timothy Y. Y. Lai Yasushi Ikuno Salomon Yves Cohen Alain Gaudric Jost B. Jonas 《Investigative ophthalmology & visual science》2021,62(5)
Pathologic myopia is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Pathologic myopia is distinctly different from high myopia. High myopia is a high degree of myopic refractive error, whereas pathologic myopia is defined by a presence of typical complications in the fundus (posterior staphyloma or myopic maculopathy equal to or more serious than diffuse choroidal atrophy). Pathologic myopia often occurs in eyes with high myopia, however its complications especially posterior staphyloma can also occur in eyes without high myopia.Owing to a recent advance in ocular imaging, an objective and accurate diagnosis of pathologic myopia has become possible. Especially, optical coherence tomography has revealed novel lesions like dome-shaped macula and myopic traction maculopathy. Wide-field optical coherence tomography has succeeded in visualizing the entire extent of large staphylomas. The effectiveness of new therapies for complications have been shown, such as anti-VEGF therapies for myopic macular neovascularization and vitreoretinal surgery for myopic traction maculopathy.Myopia, especially childhood myopia, has been increasing rapidly in the world. In parallel with an increase in myopia, the prevalence of high myopia has also been increasing. However, it remains unclear whether or not pathologic myopia will increase in parallel with an increase of myopia itself. In addition, it has remained unclear whether genes responsible for pathologic myopia are the same as those for myopia in general, or whether pathologic myopia is genetically different from other myopia. 相似文献
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Diener Raphael Treder Maximilian Lauermann Jost Lennart Eter Nicole Alnawaiseh Maged 《Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie》2021,259(4):1061-1070
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - The present retrospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that the postoperative posterior to preoperative anterior... 相似文献
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Arne J. Venjakob Stephan Vogt Klaus Stöckl Thomas Tischer Philipp J. Jost Eckart Thein Andreas B. Imhoff Hermann Anetzberger 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2013,31(11):1820-1827
Local cooling is very common after bone and joint surgery. Therefore the knowledge of bone blood flow during local cooling is of substantial interest. Previous studies revealed that hypothermia leads to vasoconstriction followed by decreased blood flow levels. The aim of this study was to characterize if local cooling is capable of inducing reduced blood flow in bone tissue using a stepwise‐reduced temperature protocol in experimental rabbits. To examine bone blood flow we utilized the fluorescent microsphere (FM) method. In New Zealand white rabbits one randomly chosen hind limb was cooled stepwise from 32 to 2°C, whereas the contra lateral hind limb served as control. Injection of microspheres was performed after stabilization of bone and muscle temperature at each temperature level. Bones were removed, dissected and fluorescence intensity was determined to calculate blood flow values. We found that blood flow of all cooled regions decreased relative to the applied external temperature. At maximum cooling blood flow was almost completely disrupted, indicating local cooling as powerful regulatory mechanism for regional bone blood flow (RBBF). Postoperative cooling therefore may lead to strongly decreased bone blood flow values. As a result external cooling has capacity to both diminish bone healing and reduce bleeding complications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1820–1827, 2013 相似文献
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Stephan Vogt Arne J. Venjakob Klaus Stöckl Thomas Tischer Philipp J. Jost Andreas B. Imhoff Eckart Thein Hermann Anetzberger 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》2013,133(9):1233-1241
Background
Blood flow in various organs is determined by an autoregulatory mechanism that guarantees constant organ perfusion over a wide range of arterial blood pressure changes. This physiological principle has been proven for the kidney, brain and intestinal tract, but so far not for bone. This study was carried out to determine whether there is an autoregulatory mechanism of bone or not.Methods
The fluorescent microsphere reference sample method was used to determine blood flow within the bone and kidneys. Eight anesthetized female New Zealand rabbits received left ventricular injections of fluorescent microspheres over a wide range of arterial pressure levels prior to removal of kidney, femur and tibia. Blood flow values were calculated by measurement of fluorescence intensity in kidney and bone and correlated to fluorescence intensity in the peripheral blood (reference sample).Results
Despite a reduction of mean arterial pressure from 100 to 80 mmHg bone blood flow remained constant. Further reduction of mean arterial pressure results in a linear decrease in bone blood flow.Conclusion
The correlation between arterial pressure and organ perfusion in the bone is similar to blood flow within the kidney, indicating the presence of an autoregulated blood flow mechanism within the bone tissue. 相似文献87.
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Sir, We were highly interested in the case report published by Nakauchi-Tanakaet al. (2003), reporting a factor VIII inhibitor in ovarianhyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Briefly, acquired haemophilia is a rare disease most often dueto the development of autoantibodies directed against factorVIII that interfere with its coagulant function. The incidenceis about 1 per million persons per year. Acquired haemophiliamay occur in association with autoimmune diseases such as systemiclupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, neoplastic diseases,drug hypersensitivity and pregnancy. However, 50% of the casesremain idiopathic. Post-partum factor VIII inhibitors most oftendisappear 相似文献