6,7-Dehydroroyleanone diterpene derived from Tetradenia riparia essential oil modulates IL-4/IL-12 release by macrophages that are infected with Leishmania amazonensis

Parasitology Research - The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in associated with several adverse effects and therapeutic failure, resulting in patients’ abandonment of treatment. Research...     

Workplace Lactation Programs in Small WIC Service Sites: A Potential Model

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has an opportunity to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding by implementing and modeling workplace lactation programs in small WIC agencies that may have barriers regarding the lack of both human and financial resources. The goal of this article was to describe effective strategies for agency administrators in small WIC service sites so that they can reduce barriers, successfully implement workplace lactation policies and programs, and model successful strategies for other small employers.     

Histological and Genotoxic Biomarkers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prochilodus lacustris</Emphasis> (Pisces,Prochilodontidae) for Environmental Assessment in a Protected Area in the Northeast of Brazil

The quality of aquatic environments all around the world is being altered by different human activities that represent direct threat to the ecological system and the aquatic biota. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of histological and genotoxic alterations in Prochilodus lacustris as indicators of anthropic impacts in a lacustrine environment in northeast Brazil. The histological alterations were evaluated using the histological alteration index, and the genotoxic alterations were detected using the micronuclei test, at three sampling stations (S1, S2 and S3). The gills presented lesions with three stages of severity, with mild lesions more frequent in the specimens collected at station S1. Mild hepatic tissue lesions were the most frequent type in both areas. Micronucleus analysis showed that station S3 was the most affected. The biological responses observed indicated that the fish are under influence of environmental changes. It is important to highlight that the organisms collected at station S3 had a more compromised health status.     

In vitro evaluation of endodontic debris removal as obtained by rotary instrumentation coupled with ultrasonic irrigation

The cleaning capacity of rotary Ni-Ti instrumentation using Profile GT files, coupled with irrigation energised by ultrasound, was evaluated. Thirty-six human mandibular incisors were instrumented in vitro using the crown-down technique with the Profile GT system to 1 mm from the anatomical apex to a size 30.04 taper file. The instrumented teeth were then divided randomly into four groups where various final irrigations were used: Group I: 100 ml of 1% NaOCl with a Luer-Lok syringe (control group); Group II, Group III and Group IV: final irrigation with 100 ml of 1% NaOCl energised by ultrasound for 1, 3 and 5 min, respectively. After biomechanical preparation, the apical thirds of the roots were submitted to histological processing and examination. The specimens were analysed at 40x magnification and the images submitted to morphometric analysis with an integration grid. anova showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the irrigation techniques. Group I (Luer-Lok syringe) showed the highest percentage of debris (35.81 +/- 4.49) and was statistically different from the other groups energised by ultrasound: Group II (27.28 +/- 4.49), Group III (24.39 +/- 5.72) and Group IV (18.46 +/- 5.25). It was concluded that rotary instrumentation using Ni-Ti files associated with final irrigation of 1% NaOCl energised by ultrasound leads to better debris removal from the apical third of mesio-distally flattened root canal.     

Soft tissue surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region

The practice of dentistry is most often perceived as the treatment of the hard tissues of the oral region, specifically the teeth and jaws. However, there are many disorders and conditions involving surgical treatment of the soft tissues that extend to the adjacent and associated structures of the oral and maxillofacial surgery region.     

The drop technique: a method to control the amount of fluoride dentifrice used by young children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of dentifrice applied to the toothbrush by school children using a liquid dentifrice (drop technique), when compared to toothpaste. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 178 school children (4-8 years old) from two cities in Brazil (Bauru and Bariri) participated in the present two-part crossover study. Children from Bauru received training regarding tooth-brushing techniques and use of dentifrice before data collection. In each phase, the amount of toothpaste or liquid dentifrice applied by the children to the toothbrush was measured, using a portable analytical balance (+ 0.01 g). Data were tested by analysis of covariance (Ancova) and linear regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean (+/- standard deviation) amounts of toothpaste and liquid dentifrice applied to the toothbrushes for children from Bauru were 0.41 +/- 0.20 g and 0.15 +/- 0.06 g, respectively. For children from Bariri, the amounts applied were and 0.48 +/- 0.24 g and 0.14 +/- 0.05 g, respectively. The amount of toothpaste applied was significantly larger than the amount of liquid dentifrice for both cities. Children from Bariri applied a significantly larger amount of toothpaste, when compared to those from Bauru. However, for the liquid dentifrice, there was no statistically significant difference between the cities. A significant correlation between the amount of toothpaste applied and the age of the children was verified, but the same was not found for the liquid dentifrice. CONCLUSION: The use of the drop technique reduced and standardised the amount of dentifrice applied to the toothbrush, which could reduce the risk of dental fluorosis for young children.     

Cytotoxicity evaluation of four endodontic sealers

This study evaluated in vitro the cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers (Topseal, EndoRez, TubliSeal and Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer E.W.T.) and their effects on reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediate induction by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Thioglycollate-induced cells were obtained from Swiss mice by peritoneal lavage with 5 mL 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline, washed twice and resuspended (10(6) cells/mL) in appropriate medium for each test. Cytotoxicity was determined by the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) by the peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red and Griess reaction, respectively. Sealer suspensions were obtained in two different concentrations from each material: 18 mg/mL and 9 mg/mL, established according to compatibility parameters following MTT assay. Comparing the sealers, H2O2 release at concentrations of 9 mg/mL and 18 mg/mL was similar: Topseal > positive control (medium + cells + 5 mg/mL zimozan solution) > EndoRez > TubliSeal > Kerr Pulp E.W.T. > negative control (medium + cells). NO release at concentration of 9 mg/mL was: positive control (medium + cells + 10 microg/mL LPS solution) > Topseal > Kerr Pulp E.W.T. > TubliSeal = EndoRez > negative control (medium + cells); at concentration of 18 mg/mL was: positive control > Topseal > Kerr Pulp E.W.T > TubliSeal > EndoRez > negative control. Based on the results, it may be concluded that Topseal presented the highest cytotoxicity among the tested sealers, releasing higher concentrations of NO and H2O2 in macrophage culture.