全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11834篇 |
免费 | 782篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 75篇 |
儿科学 | 417篇 |
妇产科学 | 233篇 |
基础医学 | 1382篇 |
口腔科学 | 156篇 |
临床医学 | 1296篇 |
内科学 | 1997篇 |
皮肤病学 | 148篇 |
神经病学 | 1546篇 |
特种医学 | 546篇 |
外科学 | 2010篇 |
综合类 | 122篇 |
一般理论 | 22篇 |
预防医学 | 1137篇 |
眼科学 | 108篇 |
药学 | 823篇 |
中国医学 | 24篇 |
肿瘤学 | 597篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 62篇 |
2022年 | 90篇 |
2021年 | 245篇 |
2020年 | 163篇 |
2019年 | 271篇 |
2018年 | 309篇 |
2017年 | 209篇 |
2016年 | 252篇 |
2015年 | 240篇 |
2014年 | 427篇 |
2013年 | 586篇 |
2012年 | 902篇 |
2011年 | 952篇 |
2010年 | 528篇 |
2009年 | 484篇 |
2008年 | 831篇 |
2007年 | 797篇 |
2006年 | 782篇 |
2005年 | 825篇 |
2004年 | 752篇 |
2003年 | 716篇 |
2002年 | 651篇 |
2001年 | 99篇 |
2000年 | 67篇 |
1999年 | 89篇 |
1998年 | 140篇 |
1997年 | 102篇 |
1996年 | 104篇 |
1995年 | 90篇 |
1994年 | 71篇 |
1993年 | 54篇 |
1992年 | 58篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 57篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 36篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 44篇 |
1983年 | 45篇 |
1982年 | 47篇 |
1981年 | 33篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1972年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Simon Sanderson Ron Zimmern Mark Kroese Julian Higgins Christine Patch Jon Emery 《Genetics in medicine》2005,7(7):495-500
Advances in genetic technology are increasing the availability of genetic tests, not only for rare single gene disorders, but also for common diseases such as breast and colo-rectal cancer. Before there can be widespread uptake of these tests, they must be evaluated to confirm the benefits of their use. But how should genetic tests be evaluated, given the speed at which new tests are emerging? One highly influential approach is the analytic validity, clinical validity, clinical utility and ethical, legal and social issues (ACCE) framework, which has provided a benchmark for the evaluation of genetic tests. The approach has been adopted and adapted by the United Kingdom Genetic Testing Network, with the help of the Public Health Genetics Unit in Cambridge, to evaluate new genetic tests for use in the National Health Service. We discuss a number of conceptual, methodological, and practical issues concerning the evaluation of genetic tests, based on lessons learned from applying the ACCE framework and from the UK experience, and make a number of recommendations to further strengthen the evaluation of genetic tests. 相似文献
92.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical picture, pathophysiology, and treatment of concomitant lesions of the peroneus brevis tendon and lateral ligament injuries to the ankle. BACKGROUND: In some cases, chronic lateral ankle instability is associated with a longitudinal partial tear in the peroneus brevis tendon. Patients who suffer from this lesion usually have atypical posterolateral ankle pain combined with signs of recurrent ligament instability ("giving way"). The tendon injury is often overlooked because it is combined with the ligament injury, and the injury mechanisms are similar. DESCRIPTION: Tears or laxity in the superior peroneal retinaculum allow the anterior part of the injured peroneus brevis tendon to ride over the sharp posterior edge of the fibula, leading to a longitudinal tear in the tendon. This combined injury should be suspected in patients with recurrent giving way of the ankle joint and retromalleolar pain. The diagnosis can be established using either ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Ligament injury, tenosynovitis, peroneus longus tendon lesion, os peroneum fracture, distal peroneus brevis tendon tear, or anomalous peroneus tertius tendon. TREATMENT: The tendon injury and the ligament insufficiency should be repaired at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend reconstruction of the superior peroneal retinaculum, combined with repair of the tendon, using side-to-side sutures and anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments. 相似文献
93.
Jennifer S Myers Lisa M Bellini Jon B Morris Debra Graham Joel Katz John R Potts Charles Weiner Kevin G Volpp 《Academic medicine》2006,81(12):1052-1058
PURPOSE: To assess internal medicine and general surgery residents' attitudes about the effects of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hours regulations on medical errors, quality of patient care, and residency experiences. METHOD: In 2005, the authors surveyed 200 residents who trained both before and after duty hours reform at six residency programs (three internal medicine, three general surgery) at five academic medical centers in the United States. Residents' attitudes about the effects of the duty hours regulations on the quality of patient care, residency education, and quality of life were measured using a survey instrument containing 19 Likert scale questions on a scale of 1 to 5. Survey responses were compared using the Student's t-test. RESULTS: The response rate was 80% (159 residents). Residents reported that whereas fatigue-related errors decreased slightly, errors related to reduced continuity of care significantly increased. Additionally, duty hours regulations somewhat decreased opportunities for formal education, bedside learning, and procedures, but there was no consensus that graduates would be less well trained after duty hours reform. Residents, particularly surgical trainees, reported improvements in quality of life and reduced burnout. CONCLUSIONS: Residents in medicine and surgery had similar opinions about the effects of duty hours reform, including improved quality of life. However, resident opinions suggest that reduced fatigue-related errors have been offset by errors related to decreased continuity of care and that the quality of the educational experience may have declined. Quantifying the degree to which regulating duty hours affected errors related to discontinuity of care should be a focus of future research. 相似文献
94.
Shankaran S Laptook AR Ehrenkranz RA Tyson JE McDonald SA Donovan EF Fanaroff AA Poole WK Wright LL Higgins RD Finer NN Carlo WA Duara S Oh W Cotten CM Stevenson DK Stoll BJ Lemons JA Guillet R Jobe AH;National Institute of Child Health Human Development Neonatal Research Network 《The New England journal of medicine》2005,353(15):1574-1584
95.
Differential regulation of IL-13 and IL-4 production by human CD8+ and CD4+ Th0, Th1 and Th2 T cell clones and EBV-transformed B cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Malefyt Rene de Waal; Abrams John S.; Zurawski Sandra M.; Lecron Jean-Claude; Mohan-Peterson Sheela; Sanjanwala Bharati; Bennett Bruce; Silver Jon; de Vries Jan E.; Yssel Hans 《International immunology》1995,7(9):1405-1416
In the present study, the requirements and characteristics forthe production of IL-13 by human T cells, T cell clones andB cells were determined and compared with those of IL-4. IL-13was produced by human CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets isolatedfrom peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by CD4+ and CD8+T cell clones. CD4+ T cell clones belonging to Th0, Th1-likeand Th2-like subsets produced IL-13 following antigen-specificor polyclonal activation. In addition, EBV-transformed B celllines expressed IL-13 mRNA and produced small amounts of IL-13protein. Expression of IL-13 mRNA and production of IL-13 proteinby peripheral blood T cells and T cell clones was induced rapidlyand was relatively long lasting, whereas IL-4 production bythese cells was transient In addition, IL-13 mRNA expressionwas induced by modes of activation that failed to induce IL-4mRNA expression. IL-13 shares many biological activities withIL-4 which Is compatible with the notion that the IL-13 andIL-4 receptors share a common component required for signaltransduction. However, IL-13 lacks the T cell-activating propertiesof IL-4. Here we have shown that this is related to the factthat T cells fall to bind radiolabeled IL-13 and do not expressthe IL-13-speclflc receptor component Taken together, theseresults indicate that the differences In expression and biologicalactivities of IL-4 and IL-13 on T cells may have consequencesfor the relative roles of these cytokines In the immune response. 相似文献
96.
Dennis M Edelstein K Copeland K Frederick JA Francis DJ Hetherington R Blaser SE Kramer LA Drake JM Brandt ME Fletcher JM 《Neuropsychology》2005,19(4):456-465
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to an increase in time to react to a target in a previously attended location. Children with spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) and hydrocephalus have congenital dysmorphology of the midbrain, a brain region associated with the control of covert orienting in general and with IOR in particular. The authors studied exogenously cued covert orienting in 8- to 19-year-old children and adolescents (84 with SBM and 37 age-matched, typically developing controls). The exogenous cue was a luminance change in a peripheral box that was 50% valid for the upcoming target location. Compared with controls, children with SBM showed attenuated IOR in the vertical plane, a deficit that was associated with midbrain dysmorphology in the form of tectal beaking but not with posterior brain volume loss. The data add to the emerging evidence for SBM deficits in attentional orienting to salient information. 相似文献
97.
98.
Varicocele--the most common cause of male factor infertility? 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Varicocele is often cited as the most common cause of male factor infertility. Arguments in support of this statement include reports of increased prevalence of varicocele in populations of infertile men compared with fertile or otherwise unselected men, association of varicocele with abnormal semen parameters, and improvements in semen parameters and/or pregnancy rates after varicocele repair. Logically, there would appear to be three possibilities regarding the relationship between varicocele and fertility: (i) varicocele has no association with or effect on male fertility; (ii) varicocele may be associated with, but is not the cause of, male subfertility; and (iii) varicocele is a direct cause of male subfertility. In the following, we review evidence from the literature for and against these three possibilities: at the current time, available evidence appears inadequate to confirm or deny any of these three possibilities. Since the ultimate goal of infertile couples is to conceive, it seem logical that future varicocele research should focus primarily on adequately powered, controlled clinical trials in well-characterized infertile couples, randomized to intervention or appropriate controlled observation, with pregnancy as the primary outcome. 相似文献
99.
100.
Alan W Johnson Sandra J Potthoff Leslie Carranza Heather M Swenson Christine R Platt Jon R Rathbun 《Academic medicine》2006,81(3):252-256
The authors describe the development and impact of CLARION, a student-run organization at the University of Minnesota founded in 2001 and dedicated to furthering interprofessional education for health professions students. CLARION's student founders recognized that three recent reports from the Institute of Medicine will fuel significant changes in health professions education. Moreover, they deduced that targeted, interprofessional education in the preclinical years could provide fundamental skills and understanding needed to make today's patient care safer and more effective. By engaging health care professionals and faculty, CLARION creates and conducts extracurricular, interprofessional experiences for students that are reflective of the six IOM aims for health care. Student members are from four separate schools of the university's academic health center: medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health. The organization's capstone event, the Interprofessional Case Competition, challenges interprofessional teams of students to compete in conducting and presenting a root cause analysis of a fictitious sentinel event. The interprofessional organizational structure of the CLARION board models the kind of interprofessional equality needed to effectively solve problems in the health care system. The interaction among students from different health professions has led them to many new understandings about health care and the realization that many fundamental biases about other professions are firmly rooted in students before they enter the workplace. CLARION has enabled continued professional development of students, faculty, and practitioners, leading individual students to enhanced understanding of the health care system. It is a grassroots catalyst that has prompted faculty to reexamine traditional health professions curricula and look for ways to integrate more interprofessional opportunities into it. 相似文献