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21.
Gerald F. Williams RN RM Crit Care Cert BAppSc Grad Cert PSM MHA CN FRCNA Director of Nursing Services Fay J. Hatch RN RM RMHN Crit Care Cert BN Clinical Nurse Consultant Michael C. Bradley RN RMDN Crit Care Cert BN Registered Nurse 《Australian critical care》1997,10(4):113-118
Methanol intoxication, a rare and potentially lethal form of poisoning, usually results from ingestion and occasionally inhalation of methanol. Initial symptoms of blurred vision, elongated anion gap and metabolic acidosis are typically delayed and may not at first be recognised as methanol-related complaints. Once diagnosed, treatment must be prompt and definitive. As well as general supportive care, ethanol infusion, dialysis and alkalinization form the mainstays of treatment.
The cases described in this paper are compared to previous reports from other countries worldwide and contrast the variance in outcome often seen in methanol poisoning. The paper describes two tragic deaths and two lucky survivors, all of whom had consumed a cocktail of methanol and other alcoholic beverages at the same party.
The ICU nurse's role in managing the methanol-intoxicated patient relies on that person's sound knowledge of the unusual biochemical reactions occurring in the body and the need to institute definitive and supportive measures to help both patient and family recover. 相似文献
22.
Trichinella infection and clinical disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clausen MR; Meyer CN; Krantz T; Moser C; Gomme G; Kayser L; Albrectsen J; Kapel CM; Bygbjerg IC 《QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians》1996,89(8):631-636
Trichinellosis is caused by ingestion of insufficiently cooked meat
contaminated with infective larvae of <it>Trichinella</it>
species. The clinical course is highly variable, ranging from no apparent
infection to severe and even fatal disease. We report two illustrative
cases of trichinellosis. Returning to Denmark a few days after having eaten
roasted pork in the Republic of Serbia, a female patient suffered from
severe vomiting, epigastric pain, diarrhoea, and later myalgia, generalized
oedema, and prostration. A biopsy showed heavy infestation with
<it>Trichinella spiralis</it>, 2000 larvae/g of muscle.
Life-threatening cardiopulmonary, renal and central nervous system
complications developed. The patient recovered after several months. Her
husband, who also ate the pork, did not have clinical symptoms, but an
increased eosinophil count and a single larva in a muscle biopsy confirmed
infection. The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
and prevention of trichinellosis are reviewed.
相似文献
23.
Bellien J Iacob M Eltchaninoff H Bourkaib R Thuillez C Joannides R 《Clinical science (London, England : 1979)》2007,112(7):393-401
Whether AT(1) (angiotenin II type 1) receptor blockade can prevent the decrease in conduit artery FMD (flow-mediated dilatation) during NOS (nitric oxide synthase) inhibition by alternative endothelial pathways has not been explored previously in humans. In 12 healthy subjects, we measured radial artery diameter (echotracking) and flow (Doppler) during FMD induced by sustained reactive hyperaemia during a control period and following NOS inhibition [1.5 mg.min(-1).l(-1) L-NMMA (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine)], after a single oral administration of telmisartan (80 mg) or placebo, using a randomized double-blind cross-over design. In six volunteers, we also assessed the roles of prostacyclin and EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) during radial FMD after AT(1) receptor blockade by oral administration of aspirin (500 mg) alone, aspirin+L-NMMA or aspirin+L-NMMA+fluconazole (a cytochrome epoxygenases inhibitor; 0.37 mg.min(-1).l(-1)). Telmisartan did not affect radial artery FMD in the control period (10.9+/-0.6% with placebo compared with 9.9+/-0.7% with telmisartan), but prevented its decrease after L-NMMA (9.3+/-0.8% with placebo compared with 12.6+/-1.2% with telmisartan; P<0.05) with no modification in baseline parameters, hyperaemia and radial artery endothelium-independent dilatation to sodium nitroprusside. Moreover, in telmisartan-treated subjects, radial artery FMD, compared with control (9.0+/-1.0%), was not modified by aspirin alone (9.4+/-0.7%) or associated with L-NMMA (9.5+/-0.5%), but was reduced by the combination of aspirin, L-NMMA and fluconazole (7.5+/-0.6%; P<0.05). These results demonstrate that AT(1) receptor blockade prevents the decrease in conduit artery FMD during NOS inhibition in humans, suggesting the development of a compensatory endothelial mechanism. This mechanism appears to be independent of prostacyclin and could possibly be related to an EDHF release. 相似文献
24.
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important occupational risk in health care workers (HCW). In spite of HBV vaccine availability in Armed Forces, the high prevalence of HBV infection in HCW continues to be a problem. The study was undertaken to study the HBV vaccine-compliance among HCW.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. HCW were requested to fill up the pre set questionnaire to assess the HBV vaccination coverage.Result
Amongst 254 HCW, only 57.7% were vaccinated against HBV. The vaccine compliance was lowest among housekeeping professionals. The mean age at vaccination was high (30.5 years). Amongst the vaccine non-compliant subjects, 34.3% were above 30 years of age. 32.2% HCW completed primary vaccination after spending more than 10 years in the profession. Accessibility of HBV vaccine, knowledge and perception of HBV risk were important factors in vaccine non-compliance.Conclusion
Due to low and delayed HBV vaccine-compliance, HCW continue to be at the risk of occupational HBV. Health education highlighting occupational risk of HBV, accessibility of vaccine and mandatory vaccination of HCW is recommended to increase HBV vaccine compliance among HCW.Key Words: Health care workers, Hepatitis B virus, Occupational risk, Hepatitis B vaccine 相似文献25.
Emmanuel T Idowu Henry CN Ajaegbu Ahmed I Omotayo Oluwagbemiga O Aina Olubunmi A Otubanjo 《African health sciences》2015,15(4):1262-1270
Background
Lime extracts of powdered combination of seeds of Picralima nitida, stem bark of Alstonia boonei and leaves of Gongronema latifolium is a common remedy used in the treatment of malaria in South Western Nigeria.Objective
To determine the antiplasmodial activities of the combined herbal extracts and its impact on the haematological, hepatological and renological parameters in mice.Methods
The 4-day suppressive and curative tests were used to assess the antiplasmodial activities of the extract in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei at concentration of 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg body weight. The haematological parameters including red blood cells, white blood cells, packed cell volume and haemoglobin count were analysed with an auto analyser. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined, while urea, protein and creatinine were analysed by standard procedural methods.Results
The 4-day suppressive test revealed that the test extract achieved percentage suppression of 39.0%, 41.6% and 54.68% for the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. Additionally, the curative test achieved a high percentage suppression of 80.97%, 83.84% and 86.16% at the 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg concentration respectively. The extracts did not induce significant change on haematological parameters (P>0.05), while significant elevation in the values of the ALT and AST (P<0.05) was observed and elevation of creatinine (P<0.05) at 800mg/kg.Conclusions
The results support the traditional use of the herbal combination in the treatment of malaria, however the liver cells were impacted by the extracts in bioassay conducted with mice. 相似文献26.
The management of stage I--II Hodgkin's disease with irradiation alone or combined modality therapy: the Stanford experience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
At Stanford University, between 1968 and 1978, 230 patients with pathologic stage I--II Hodgkin's disease were treated on prospective clinical trials with either irradiation alone or irradiation followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant combination chemotherapy. The actuarial survival at 10 yr was 84% for patients in either treatment group. Freedom from relapse at 10 yr was 77% among patients treated with irradiation alone and 84% after treatment with combined modality therapy [p(Gehan) = 0.09]. Freedom from second relapse at 10 yr was 89% and 94%, respectively [p(Gehan) = 0.56]. Several prognostic factors were evaluated in order to identify patients at high risk for relapse or with poor ultimate survival after initial treatment with irradiation alone. Systemic symptoms, histologic subtype, age, and limited extranodal involvement (E-lesions) did not affect the prognosis of patients and failed to identify patients whose survival could be improved by the routine use of combined modality therapy. Patients with large mediastinal masses (mediastinal mass ratio greater than or equal to 1/3) had a significantly poorer freedom from relapse when treated with irradiation alone than when treated initially with combined modality therapy [45% versus 81% at 10 yr, p(Gehan) = 0.03). The 10-yr survival of these patients, however, was not significantly different (84% versus 74%). The implications of these observations on the management of patient with early stage Hodgkin's disease are discussed. 相似文献
27.
4-烷硫基-4-脱氧-4′-去甲表鬼臼毒素的合成和抗肿瘤活性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素的C4位进行化学修饰,合成和筛选了10个4-烷硫基-4-脱氧-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素衍生物以进一步研究C4位不同的原子和取代基与活性之间的关系及寻找结构简单、活性更强的抗肿瘤新药。4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素与硫醇在三氟化硼·乙醚或三氟乙酸存在下生成相应的硫醚,也可用硫醇与4β-溴-4-脱氧-4’-去甲表鬼臼毒素反应生成相应的硫醚。在体外筛选中,化合物10和12抑制L1210白血病细胞的活性与依托泊甙相当或更强,化合物9,10,12和15抑制KB细胞的活性与依托泊甙相当或更强。 相似文献
28.
1. The possibility that altered synthesis of vascular nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the development of corticotropin-induced hypertension in sheep was examined by determining the effect of concomitant infusion of L-arginine, a precursor of NO, on the development of the hypertension. 2. Corticotropin (5 μg/kg per h) infused over 2 days increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 83 ± 4 to 99 ± 4 mmHg in five conscious sheep. Concomitant infusion of L-arginine (60 mg/kg per h) did not alter this response; infusion of L-arginine alone had no effect on blood pressure. 3. The dose of L-arginine (60 mg/kg per h) used blocked the rise in MAP (+16 mmHg) in response to a 5 h infusion of N-nitro-L-arginine (1 mg/kg per h). 4. These findings suggest that disruption of NO synthesis does not play a role in the development of corticotropin hypertension in sheep. 相似文献
29.
锌酞菁脂质体光动力作用引起小鼠肿瘤的细胞程序性死亡 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
电镜观察了锌酞菁脂质体光动力作用引起小鼠MS-2纤维肉瘤的形态学变化。发现其作用很强,并对肿瘤细胞有明显的直接影响。肿瘤细胞的结构表现出明显的程序性细胞死亡(apoptosis,programmedceldeath)的特点:胞核染色质凝聚边集、核固缩、核破裂、染色质凝块流失、胞质内吞噬现象、胞膜表面肿胀粗钝的胞突形成、细胞碎裂等。加深了对锌酞菁脂质体光敏作用机理的认识,但其详细的发生机制和调节途径有待阐明。 相似文献
30.