Epstein-Barr virus gene polymorphism in different parts of the same nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient

In most previous studies, comparisons of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene polymorphisms and genotypes were made between strains from tumors and normal throat washings (TWs) from different individuals. However, it remains controversial whether different EBV subtypes are present in different parts of the same NPC patient. In order to address this question, in this study, we compared the genotypes in sets of paired throat washings (TW) and paraffin-embedded tissues of 20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and we found the same genotype in throat washings (TWs) and tumor cells from the same individual in most cases. The subtypes of EBER and EBNA1 genes were furthermore sequenced, and identical EBV strains were identified in tumor tissues and TWs. In conclusion, different sites of the same individual are infected by the same EBV strains, except for a few differences in occasional cases, suggesting that the EBV subtype detected in throat washings is a reasonable guide to the subtype present in the carcinoma tissue.     

PBL和PACS在医学影像学教学中的应用

目的浅析影像学教学中开展图像存档和传输系统(PACS)与以问题为导向的教学方法(PBL)相结合的教学方式的作用。方法对本院48名医学影像学医学生开展研究,研究时间开始于2018年1月,结束于2019年1月,依据随机数字法将其分成对照组24例与观察组24例,将传统教学模式应用在对照组教学中,将PBL和PACS相结合的授课形式应用在观察组教学中,比较两组理论成绩以及临床实践能力。结果在理论考核项目和临床实践考核得分方面,观察组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用PBL和PACS相结合的授课模式,可有效提升医学影像学教学质量,保障学生更加有效地掌握理论知识以及专业技能。     

An unusual case of prenatal diagnosis of right coronary artery to right ventricle fistula with HD-flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC)

Coronary artery fistula is rare in prenatal diagnosis. We have reported a case diagnosis of coronary artery fistula by using high-definition flow (HD-flow) render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC), and then evaluated the postnatal outcomes in our hospital.     

Knockdown of Nestin inhibits proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells

Nestin, a member of type VI intermediate filament protein family, is widely expressed in mammalian nervous tissue and stem/precursor cells of non-neuronal normal tissues. Nestin has also been investigated to determine possible tumor-promoting functions. However, whether Nestin is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells remains unclear. In this report, Nestin expression was upregulated in stromal cells of human CRC tissues. Endogenous Nestin expression in CRC cell lines SW480 and HCT116 was knocked down by a lentivirus. MTT and colony formation assays revealed that Nestin deletion significantly inhibits the proliferation of CRC cell lines; flow cytometer analysis showed that Nestin deletion causes cell cycle arrest at S phase. Transwell chamber and wound healing scratch assays also revealed that Nestin deletion suppresses cell migration. Our findings indicated that Nestin plays an essential role in CRC progression; thus, Nestin can be applied as a therapeutic target of CRC.     

Deep learning applied to two-dimensional color Doppler flow imaging ultrasound images significantly improves diagnostic performance in the classification of breast masses: a multicenter study

BackgroundThe current deep learning diagnosis of breast masses is mainly reflected by the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. In China, breast masses are divided into four categories according to the treatment method: inflammatory masses, adenosis, benign tumors, and malignant tumors. These categorizations are important for guiding clinical treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for classification of these four breast mass types using ultrasound (US) images.MethodsTaking breast biopsy or pathological examinations as the reference standard, CNNs were used to establish models for the four-way classification of 3623 breast cancer patients from 13 centers. The patients were randomly divided into training and test groups (n = 1810 vs. n = 1813). Separate models were created for two-dimensional (2D) images only, 2D and color Doppler flow imaging (2D-CDFI), and 2D-CDFI and pulsed wave Doppler (2D-CDFI-PW) images. The performance of these three models was compared using sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios (LR−), and the performance of the 2D model was further compared between masses of different sizes with above statistical indicators, between images from different hospitals with AUC, and with the performance of 37 radiologists.ResultsThe accuracies of the 2D, 2D-CDFI, and 2D-CDFI-PW models on the test set were 87.9%, 89.2%, and 88.7%, respectively. The AUCs for classification of benign tumors, malignant tumors, inflammatory masses, and adenosis were 0.90, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.89, respectively (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.87–0.91, 0.89–0.92, 0.87–0.91, and 0.86–0.90). The 2D-CDFI model showed better accuracy (89.2%) on the test set than the 2D (87.9%) and 2D-CDFI-PW (88.7%) models. The 2D model showed accuracy of 81.7% on breast masses ≤1 cm and 82.3% on breast masses >1 cm; there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the CNN classifications for the test set (89.2%) was significantly higher than that of all the radiologists (30%).ConclusionsThe CNN may have high accuracy for classification of US images of breast masses and perform significantly better than human radiologists.Trial registrationChictr.org, ChiCTR1900021375; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33139.     

Local injection of botulinum toxin A: An alternative therapy for axillary osmidrosis

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of local injection of botulinum toxin A for treating axillary osmidrosis. One hundred and fifty patients with axillary osmidrosis were randomly divided to receive botulinum toxin A injection treatment (50 U of botulinum toxin A was injected intracutaneously into 6–20 different sites within each axilla, n = 74) or surgical excision of the apocrine glands (n = 76). The patients were followed up for 1–3 months to analyze the therapeutic effect and complications of the two methods. The curative effect in patients with mild and moderate axillary osmidrosis was not significantly different between the botulinum toxin A injection group and operation group. However, for patients with severe axillary osmidrosis, surgery treatment seemed to be superior to botulinum toxin A treatment (P = 0.005). There was also no significant difference in the modified Dermatology Life Quality Index between the two treatments. Two cases showed complications related to hemorrhage and incision infection in the operation group. In conclusion, local injection of botulinum toxin A is a safe, fast and effective treatment for mild and moderate axillary osmidrosis, but the long‐term effect remains to be further investigated.     

Diffusion MRI detects early brain microstructure abnormalities in 2‐month‐old 3×Tg‐AD mice

The 3×Tg‐AD mouse is one of the most studied animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and develops both amyloid beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in a temporal and spatial pattern that is similar to human AD pathology. Additionally, abnormal myelination patterns with changes in oligodendrocyte and myelin marker expression are reported to be an early pathological feature in this model. Only few diffusion MRI (dMRI) studies have investigated white matter abnormalities in 3×Tg‐AD mice, with inconsistent results. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of dMRI to capture brain microstructural alterations in 2‐month‐old 3×Tg‐AD mice. In the fimbria, the fractional anisotropy (FA), kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA), and radial kurtosis (K_┴) were found to be significantly lower in 3×Tg‐AD mice than in controls, while the mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (D_┴) were found to be elevated. In the fornix, K_┴ was lower for 3×Tg‐AD mice; in the dorsal hippocampus MD and D_┴ were elevated, as were FA, MD, and D_┴ in the ventral hippocampus. These results indicate, for the first time, dMRI changes associated with myelin abnormalities in young 3×Tg‐AD mice, before they develop AD pathology. Morphological quantification of myelin basic protein immunoreactivity in the fimbria was significantly lower in the 3×Tg‐AD mice compared with the age‐matched controls. Our results demonstrate that dMRI is able to detect widespread, significant early brain morphological abnormalities in 2‐month‐old 3×Tg‐AD mice.     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前与局麻下开放式腹膜前疝修补术治疗股疝的对比研究

目的研究腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与局麻下开放式腹膜前间隙疝修补术两种手术方式治疗股疝对比研究。 方法收集2015年1月至2016年6月，北京朝阳医院疝和腹壁外科收治40例股疝患者，对其的临床数据进行回顾性分析，根据手术方式不同分为腔镜组与开放组，腔镜组22例（55%），均采用TAPP手术治疗；开放组18例（45%），均采用开放腹膜前疝修补术治疗。比较不同手术方式的2组患者的住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛、离床时间、术后住院时间，以及术后局部血肿、感染等并发症发生率。 结果腔镜组与开放组手术所用时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后疼痛、术后住院时间比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；术后离床时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），考虑与麻醉方式有关。2组均未出现血肿及感染等并发症，局部疼痛较轻，未发生慢性顽固性疼痛。术后随访6～18个月，2组均未出现复发病例。 结论技术成熟的术者对于股疝的手术，TAPP与局麻开放式腹膜前疝修补术无明显差异，两种不同的手术方法各有其优缺点，应根据术前评估及术者手术技术水平选择合适的手术方式。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌外周血循环肿瘤DNA EGFR突变与TKI疗效的相关性

目的:探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）外周血循环肿瘤DNA（circulating tumor DNA，ctDNA）表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）突变与EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（tyrosine kinase inhibitor，TKI）治疗疗效的相关性。方法:利用突变扩增阻滞系统（amplification refractory mutation system，ARMS）法检测50例NSCLC患者外周血ctDNA EGFR突变，其中27例进行组织与ctDNA配对检测。给予TKI治疗一月后进行疗效评价。对ctDNA EGFR突变与患者的临床因素、疗效相关性进行分析，并比较ctDNA与肿瘤组织EGFR突变的一致性。结果:患者性别、年龄、PS评分、病理类型、吸烟史与ctDNA EGFR突变无明显相关性（P>0.05）。ctDNA EGFR突变组客观缓解率（76.5%）、疾病控制率（100%）均高于野生型组（30.3%，60.6%）（P<0.05）。生存分析结果显示:ctDNA EGFR突变组无进展生存期（12个月）较野生型组长（4个月）（P<0.05）。27例配对检测结果显示:ctDNA与肿瘤组织EGFR突变一致率为66.7%（18/27，Kappa=0.400，P<0.05）。无进展生存期:ctDNA（23个月）/肿瘤组织（12个月）EGFR突变组均长于野生型组（2个月/1个月）（P<0.05）。结论:晚期NSCLC外周血ctDNA EGFR突变患者TKI治疗有效率高，ctDNA与肿瘤组织EGFR突变一致性好，作为肿瘤组织的替代检测标本是可行的。