温针灸治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病36例

目的:比较温针灸与口服西药治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病的疗效。方法:治疗组36例取下关、牵正、颊车、阿是穴、合谷(双)行温针灸,对照组口服地西泮、吲哚美辛。结果:治疗组治愈率80·6%、总有效率100%,对照组治愈率40·6%、总有效率78·1%,两组有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:温针灸治疗颞下颌关节功能紊乱病方法简单,疗效显著。     

健康教育在糖尿病病人中的应用

目的：通过对患者在住院过程中的系统教育，使患者了解自己疾病的知识，提高患者对糖尿病的认知水平和自我管理能力，养成良好的健康行为和生活方式，从而提高生活质量。方法：采用集体、个体、自学等形式进行教育。结果：通过培养，患者掌握了一些基本的操作技能，明显缩短了住院日，同时激发了护士与患者学习专业知识的热情，减少或延缓了并发症的发生。结论：①健康教育是一个护患双边活动过程。②通过教育，可不断提高护士的自身修养和专业知识水平。③健康教育是糖尿病患者学习糖尿病知识，提高自我护理能力的有效途径。     

Paraffinoma in the urinary bladder: CT findings.

A case of a paraffinoma in the urinary bladder is presented. Plain radiography and intravenous urography showed a low attenuation filling defect in the urinary bladder, and CT demonstrated a lobulated fat-attenuation mass floating in the urinary bladder.     

A multivariate study of protective effects of Zn and Cu against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium metallothionein in rats.

Factorial experimental design was used to study the protective effects of Zn and Cu on cadmium-metallothionein(CdMT)-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. In the factorial design two levels of Zn (0 and 25 mg/kg body weight), two levels of Cu (0 and 12.5 mg/kg), and two levels of CdMT (0.1 and 0.4 mg of Cd/kg) were used as varied factors. The factorial design was complemented with a center point with all three variables at an intermediate setting, i.e., Zn at 12.5 mg/kg, Cu at 6.25 mg/kg, and CdMT at 0.25 mg Cd/kg. Each of the nine combinations of settings was administered to one of nine groups with six rats in each. Zn and Cu were injected sc 24 hr prior to the injection of CdMT. The concentrations of protein and Ca in urine and Ca in renal cortex were used as effects. The relationship between the experimental design settings and the effects were modeled with multiple regression. The multiple regression analysis revealed that for the high dose of CdMT (i) the enhanced values of protein in urine caused by CdMT injection could be more efficiently reduced by Zn than by Cu, and (ii) excessive Ca in urine and renal cortex could be more efficiently reduced by Cu than by Zn. No significant synergism or antagonism between Cu and Zn was found. These models can be used to estimate the dose levels of Zn and Cu which will reduce the toxic effects of CdMT. The treatment of 20.4 mg/kg Zn, for example, will reduce the effects of 0.4 mg Cd/kg as CdMT on protein in urine, and 2.8 mg/kg Cu will reduce the Ca in urine to the levels of those caused by 0.25 mg Cd/kg (no Zn and Cu). Similarly, the effect of 0.4 mg Cd/kg on Ca level in renal cortex can be reduced to that of 0.28 mg Cd/kg as CdMT by 7.98 mg Cu/kg, which is three times as efficient as Zn. The obtained results might be of importance in understanding the mechanism of cadmium toxicity and the potential risk to the health of the population exposed to cadmium occupationally or environmentally.     

Attitudes towards mental illness: testing the contact hypothesis among Chinese student nurses in Hong Kong

This study investigated whether previous contact with mental illness affected the attitudes to mental illness (AMI) of general student nurses in Hong Kong — the contact hypothesis. We employed a quasi-experimental design. We compared the attitudes to mental illness of students who had previous contact with mental illness through having taken a psychiatric secondment with those who had not taken a psychiatric secondment. Also, we compared the AMI of: students who had taken other courses related to mental illness with those who had not; those who had a family history of mental illness with those who had not; and those who lived with a mentally ill relative with those who did not. We found that previous contact with mental illness had no significant effect on the attitudes to mental illness of the students. In other words our findings do not support the contact hypothesis. Our sample expressed positive general attitudes to mental illness when presented with general issues about mental illness. However, their attitudes were less positive when presented with specific issues about mental illness that might impinge upon their daily lives. We discuss the implications of these findings for mental health nursing practice, education and research.     

神效止痛膏的镇痛作用

用二甲苯所致的急性炎症模型观察了神效止痛膏的抗急性炎症作用．用扭体法、热板法观察了神效止痛膏对小鼠的镇痛作用．结果表明，神效止痛膏有很好的镇痛作用．     

Neural network models for the gaze shift system in the superior colliculus and cerebellum.

We investigate the role that the superior colliculus (SC) and the cerebellum might play in generating gaze shifts. The discharge of cells in the intermediate layers of the SC is tightly linked to the occurrence of saccades. Many studies have demonstrated that the cerebellum is involved in both eye and head movements. When the head is unrestrained, large amplitude gaze shifts are composed of coordinated eye and head movements. In this study, we propose that the gaze saccades system is controlled by a feedback loop between the SC and the cerebellum. The SC only encodes retinal coordinates and controls the eye displacement (to move the fovea to the target), while the cerebellum deals with the gaze programming and controls the head displacement. When a target appears in space, the buildup cells within the SC decode the target signal in the retina before the saccade onset, and input the signal of the gaze displacement to the cerebellum. The cells in the cerebellum vermis encode the initial position of the eye in the orbit. The gaze displacement is decomposed into the head amplitude and the eye amplitude within the cerebellum. There are two output signals from the cerebellum. One signal controls the head movement. The other is projected back to the SC, and forms a component of the saccade vector to control the eye movement. The sum of the vectors provided by the cerebellum and the vector provided by the burst cells in the SC indicates the direction and the amplitude of the desired movement of the eye during the saccade. We propose a cerebellum model to predict the displacements of the eye and head under the condition that the position of the target signal in the retina and the initial position of the eye in the orbit are known. The results from the model are close to that observed physiologically. We conclude that before gaze shift onset, the cerebellum may play an important role in decomposing the gaze displacement into an eye amplitude and head amplitude signal.     

Sonographic appearance of Krukenberg tumor from gastric carcinoma

Sonographic findings in 16 cases of Krukenberg tumor from gastric carcinoma were analyzed. The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 52 years (mean 42 years). The tumor involved both ovaries in 14 patients with asymmetrical masses in 9 of 14 cases. Ascites was noted in 15 cases. Echogenicity of the tumor varied from solid to predominantly cystic: solid in 8, mixed in 6, and predominantly cystic in 2 cases. Solid masses tended to be smaller than mixed or cystic masses. The primary gastric carcinoma had been diagnosed before emergence of the tumors in only 7 cases. The findings suggest that in relatively young patients with ovarian mass, particularly bilateral tumors, careful evaluation for gastrointestinal tract involvement should be done.