An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus

A new SARS animal model was established by inoculating SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) into rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) through the nasal cavity. Pathological pulmonary changes were successively detected on days 5-60 after virus inoculation. All eight animals showed a transient fever 2-3 days after inoculation. Immunological, molecular biological, and pathological studies support the establishment of this SARS animal model. Firstly, SARS-CoV-specific IgGs were detected in the sera of macaques from 11 to 60 days after inoculation. Secondly, SARS-CoV RNA could be detected in pharyngeal swab samples using nested RT-PCR in all infected animals from 5 days after virus inoculation. Finally, histopathological changes of interstitial pneumonia were found in the lungs during the 60 days after viral inoculation: these changes were less marked at later time points, indicating that an active healing process together with resolution of an acute inflammatory response was taking place in these animals. This animal model should provide insight into the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-related pulmonary disease and greatly facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics against SARS.     

Pentoxifylline attenuates the development of hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain

Pentoxifylline, a non-specific cytokine inhibitor, has shown to be beneficial in inflammatory pain in both experimental and clinical studies. The present study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, the antihyperalgesic effect of pentoxifylline in the neuropathic pain using L5 spinal nerve transection rat model. In a preventive paradigm, pentoxifylline (12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered systemically daily, beginning 1 h prior to nerve transection. Pentoxifylline (50, or 100 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant decrease in the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. However, pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg i.p.) did not influence the paw pressure thresholds and paw withdrawal latency in sham-operated rats. In order to understand the possible antinocicieptive effect of pentoxifylline in neuropathic pain, we examined the level of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 protein in the contralateral brain on day 7 post-transection. Pentoxifylline administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, and enhancement of IL-10. Furthermore, we investigated the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the contralateral brain on days 7 after surgery. In accordance with the change of proinflammatory cytokines, Pentoxifylline (50 or 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB in the brain. This research supports a growing body of literature emphasizing the importance of neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation in the development of neuropathic pain states, and the potential preventive value of pentoxifylline in the treatment of neuropathic pain.     

微核试验制片方法的改进

目的简化、优化微核试验方法。方法对微核试验的制片过程进行简化、优化,改进后在细胞培养结束后直接吸弃上清液,然后加入氯化钾溶液进行低渗处理,随后预固定、离心。离心完成后,细胞再固定一次即可滴片。结果改进法玻片背景清晰,细胞染色稍深,但不影响细胞和微核观察。双核细胞数量不少,能够满足计数要求。油镜和高倍镜下,图像更清楚、背景更干净。改进法胞浆完整率、细胞着色率和平均每高倍视野细胞个数与传统方法比较有统计学意义,概率P值分别为0.0051(χ²=7.8375)、0.0140(χ²=6.0437)和0.0025(t=3.0951)。微核细胞率和细胞成团指数与传统方法比较无统计学意义,概率P值分别为0.7749(χ²=0.0817)和0.5152(U=0.0000)。结论改进法制片方法简单易行、结果可靠,试验质量更容易控制,还节省了时间,节省了人力、物力。     

某区三所医院托管成效比较研究

目的科学、客观、量化评价医院托管建设效果,为卫生管理机关提供参考。方法采用综合评价指标体系,对3所被托管医院托管效果进行量化评估。结果5年来,A医院平均得分82.28分,且平稳上升;B医院平均得分80.53分,但发展有波动;C医院平均得分78.03分,发展较为平稳。结论在评估工作中引入第三方评价机制,制定科学合理公正的评价指标体系,是提升医院托管效能的有效途径。     

科技期刊出版运营需求调研与分析

【目的】 了解科技期刊从业人员和科研工作者对科技期刊出版技术、运营、传播的需求,探究可行的技术应用、工具开发和平台建设策略。【方法】 2020年11月,通过问卷星向科技期刊从业人员和科研工作者进行问卷调查;问卷涉及参与问卷调查人员对当今互联网技术发展、科技期刊运营模式、学术成果传播途径的了解和需求。【结果】 从402份面向科技期刊从业人员以及138份面向科研工作者的有效问卷中总结得出,参与问卷调查人员对互联网技术的应用、运营手段的丰富和传播途径的扩展有实际需求。【结论】 结合目前国际出版领域领先的出版技术与运营和传播实践,向科技期刊及相关公司机构提出技术应用、运营平台建设和传播体系搭建的相关可行性建议。     

流动人口的计划生育管理分析

对1998年在上海闵行区开展的“以现居住地为主”的计划生育综合干预项目中外来育龄妇女的计划生育管理状况进行分析,综合运用定量与定性研究方法以了解她们的计划生育管理状况及对计生管理的态度和要求,评价计生管理干预对改善本市外来育龄妇女的计生管理状况及提高她们对计划生育管理的认知的效果。结果显示：通过管理干预,外来育龄妇女携带原籍计划生育证明的比例和持有计划生育信息卡的比例以及暂住证上加盖计划生育合格章的比例均明显增加,妇女对计划生育服务的满意度也明显增加。认为“以现居住地为主”的流动人口计划生育管理有助于计划生育管理,应进一步加强流入地与流出地的联络、协调与积极配合,加强流动人口的计生双向管理。     

56例极重型乙脑患者应用人工呼吸器治疗的并发症和死亡原因分析

对 5 6例使用机械通气的极重型乙脑患者的并发症和死亡原因进行分析。 5 6例患者呼吸衰竭的原因为 :脑水肿、脑疝 1 0例 ,呼吸道分泌物阻塞 8例 ,呼吸肌瘫痪 8例 ,混合因素 3 0例。应用机械通气后 5 6例患者中出现并发症的有 5 0例 (89.3 % )。机械通气 1 0d内仅 4例 (7.1 4% )发生感染 ,机械通气大于 2 0d有 48例 (85 .7% )发生感染(P <0 .0 1 ) ;同时机械通气大于 2 0d患者绿脓杆菌感染高达 2 7例 (4 8.2 % ) ,而机械通气小于 2 0d者仅 2例 (3 .6% )绿脓杆菌感染 (P <0 .0 1 )。结果提示 :极重型乙脑患者使用机械通气极易发生感染等并发症 ,通气天数减少 ,则并发症减少 ,病人存活机会增加。     

心理因素的应激对GraVes癌患者免疫系统的影响

目的探讨社会心理因素的应激对Graves病患者的免疫系统的影响.方法采用定式问卷,统一指导语和填表方法及有关评定量表评分,并以放射免疫法,对40例患者测定IgG、IgA、IgM及C3、C4、IL-2、I1-6与40例正常健康者对照.结果病例组IgG、IgA及IL-6显著高于正常对照组,而C3、C4及IL-2显著低于对照组.患者的抑郁分与IgG、IgA及IL-6呈明显正相关,与IL-2呈显著负相关.结论因为IgA及IL-6是疾病的危险因子,C4及IL-2是疾病的保护因子,所以社会心理因素的应激可以通过Gra-ves病患者的免疫系统而影响疾病.