Characterization of adhesive interactions between human endothelial cells and megakaryocytes.

Cell-cell adhesion is essential for many immunological functions and is believed to be important in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Adhesive interactions between human endothelial cells and megakaryocytes were characterized in vitro using the CMK megakaryocytic cell line as well as marrow megakaryocytes. Although there was no adhesion between unactivated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and megakaryocytes, treatment of HUVEC with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, INF-gamma, or the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in adhesion. Stimulation of marrow megakaryocytes or CMK cells with the cytokines IL-1 beta, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-3, or PMA augmented their adhesion to endothelium. Monoclonal antibodies against the LFA-1 subunit of the leukocyte adherence complex CD18 inhibited the binding of marrow megakaryocytes or CMK cells to HUVEC. Adhesion blocking experiments also demonstrated that the VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathway was important for megakaryocyte attachment to HUVEC. Adhesion promoted maturation of megakaryocytic cells as measured by increased expression of glycoproteins GpIb and GpIIb/IIIa and by increased DNA content. These observations suggest that alterations in megakaryocyte adhesion may occur during inflammatory conditions, mediated by certain cytokines, resulting in augmented megakaryocyte maturation.     

El Tor型霍乱弧菌L型的某些生物学性状

本研究主要对El Tor型霍乱弧菌(Vibrio cholerae biotvpe eltor,EVC)L型的某些生物学特性如生化反应、抗生素敏感性及超微结构等进行了探讨.研究发现EVC不稳定L型的生化性状与EVC流行株的非常相似,而稳定L型则变化很大.抗生素敏感性试验显示EVC稳定L型对某些作用于细胞壁的抗生素的敏感性减弱,而对大多数作用于蛋白质合成的抗生素的敏感性增强.与流行株相比,EVC稳定L型和不稳定L型的超微结构的改变很明显.此外,本文还讨论了产生这些改变的可能机制.     

原发性干燥综合征与人类组织相容性抗原—DRβ基因

原发性干燥综合征（ＰＳＳ）的病因未明，其中可能涉及遗传因素。用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）法对７０例ＰＳＳ患者和１３６名正常人进行人类组织相容性抗原（ＨＬＡ）－ＤＲβ基因分型。发现ＰＳＳ患者群体的ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ３、ＤＲ５２及ＤＲ２的基因频率明显高于正常对照组，而ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ５及ＤＲ９的基因频率则相反，提示ＰＳＳ的发病与ＤＲ３、ＤＲ５２及ＤＲ２呈正相关；而和ＤＲ９、ＤＲ５呈负相关。２个ＰＳＳ患者家族的姐妹与患者具有相同的遗传因素，且和ＰＳＳ患者群体测定的正相关基因相一致。ＰＳＳ患者的主要自身抗体（抗ＳＳＡ抗体及抗ＳＳＢ抗体）与ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ５２之间有明显的相关性，因而表明ＰＳＳ的发病和遗传因素有关。     

Population toxicokinetics of tetrachloroethylene

 In assessing the distribution and metabolism of toxic compounds in the body, measurements are not always feasible for ethical or technical reasons. Computer modeling offers a reasonable alternative, but the variability and complexity of biological systems pose unique challenges in model building and adjustment. Recent tools from population pharmacokinetics, Bayesian statistical inference, and physiological modeling can be brought together to solve these problems. As an example, we modeled the distribution and metabolism of tetrachloroethylene (PERC) in humans. We derive statistical distributions for the parameters of a physiological model of PERC, on the basis of data from Monster et al. (1979). The model adequately fits both prior physiological information and experimental data. An estimate of the relationship between PERC exposure and fraction metabolized is obtained. Our median population estimate for the fraction of inhaled tetrachloroethylene that is metabolized, at exposure levels exceeding current occupational standards, is 1.5% [95% confidence interval (0.52%, 4.1%)]. At levels approaching ambient inhalation exposure (0.001 ppm), the median estimate of the fraction metabolized is much higher, at 36% [95% confidence interval (15%, 58%)]. This disproportionality should be taken into account when deriving safe exposure limits for tetrachloroethylene and deserves to be verified by further experiments. Received: 20 April 1995/Accepted: 24 August 1995     

成人体外循环术后精神症状原因分析

目的 研究成人体外循环手术以后发生精神症状的高危因素。方法 对52例16岁以上的体外循环手术后发生精神症状的病人进行分析。结果 主要表现有认知障碍、情感障碍、意志行为障碍及意识障碍。男女之间无明显差异，而在患者年龄、术前心功能、既往精神病史、监护室监护时间等方面精神病组和健康组间存在显著差异。结论 成人体外循环手术后发生精神症状的高危因素有患者年龄、术前心功能、既往精神病史、心脏病史、监护室停留时间等，应高度重视加强护理和观察。     

环丙沙星与氧氟沙星注射液治疗细菌性感染的疗效观察

以乳酸环丙沙星（ＣＰＬＸ）注射液和氧氟沙星（ＯＦＬＸ）注射液随机分组治疗各种细菌性感染４０例及４２例，并以注射用头孢噻肟钠（ＣＴＸ）治疗４９例作对照。三组平均年龄、体重、疗程及病情程度相比无显著性差异，具可比性。病种分布以消化道感染最多，共８１例，占总数的６１．８％。三组１３１例病人细菌阳性率为９４．７％。一疗程ＣＰＬＸ组、ＯＦＬＸ组、ＣＴＸ组治愈率分别为８７．２％、８３．３％、７１．４％，有效率     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化的治疗方法

从１９８３年８月至１９９１年３月，手术治疗６３例颈韧后纵韧带骨化（ＯＰＬＬ）的患者。手术方法包括前路椎间减压融合，椎体次全切除植骨融合、后路全椎板切除。单开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术、双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术，及前后路两次手术。随诊６到９６个月，疗效为３９例代。１６例良，优良率８７．２％。本文讨论了前路椎间减压、椎体次全切除及后路椎板成形椎管扩大手术的方法。作者认为对ＯＰＬＬ伴广泛性椎管狭窄者以后路双开门椎板成形椎管扩大手术较为合理。     

世界生物技术药品市场的现状及展望

生物技术的迅速发展将导致一场新的药物革命。预计2000年世界生物技术药品的销售额将达500亿美元。美国、日本和西方工业化国家的制药公司对生物技术药品的开发非常重视。目前,人生长激素、红细胞生长素和人胰岛素在医药市场中占有重要位置,毫无疑问,二十一世纪的医药市场将是生物技术药品的时代。     

女性尿失禁患者尿动力学检查的意义

对６８例女性尿失禁的临床诊断和尿动力学检查结果进行了比较研究。根据病史、主诉、体查和辅助检查而做出的诊断，各型尿失禁之间有１５．０％到２７．８％与尿动力学检查不一致。详细的病史、体检、辅助检查与尿动力学检查结果相结合，才能对尿失禁做出正确的诊断。尿动力学检查对于拟手术的患者或基于临床诊断治疗失败的患者具有重要意义。     

高压氧对家兔面神经撞击伤后面神经核内生长相关蛋白变化的影响(论著)

目的：研究面神经撞击伤后面神经核内生长相关蛋白（ＧＡＰ－４３）的变化及高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗的影响。方法：利用ＢＩＭ－Ⅱ型生物撞击机致家兔右侧面神经干损伤，应用ＳＰ免疫组化染色法观察损伤后１、３、７、１４和２１天（分别用ＨＢＯ治疗及不用ＨＢＯ为对照）面神经核内ＧＡＰ－４３的变化，并用电镜观察面神经干超微结构变化。结果：面神经损伤第１天，伤侧面神经核区ＧＡＰ－４３样免疫反应性神经元（ＧＬＩＮ）开始增多，第１４天其增多达到高峰，第２１天逐渐下降。ＨＢＯ治疗组伤后不同时期ＧＬＩＮ的增多明显高于对照组。伤后第２１天，与对照组相比ＨＢＯ组面神经干电镜观察可见较多的新生髓鞘。结论：ＨＢＯ治疗可使伤后面神经核内ＧＬＩＮ增多，因而有助于面神经损伤后的修复与再生。