156例肺结核患者合并下呼吸道感染致病菌种的临床分析

目的探讨肺结核患者下呼吸道致病菌种分布特点,细菌耐药情况。方法对滨州市结核病防治院2008年6月至2009年6月的156例肺结核住院患者的痰细菌培养发现致病菌的痰培养结果进行回顾性分析。结果 156例患者培养出186株致病菌,革兰氏阴性杆菌占61.3%,革兰氏阳性球菌占22.6%,真菌占16.1%。其中铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷白杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌为主要细菌。药敏试验提示多数致病菌对未加β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的青霉素及第一、二代、部分第三代头孢菌素耐药严重,对碳青酶烯类抗生素敏感率较高,万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌的敏感率为100%。结论肺结核合并下呼吸道感染及耐药情况严重,因此在肺结核患者合并感染临床选用抗生素治疗时应以药敏试验为依据。     

Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens combined with abnormal alpha-fetoprotein enhance immunodiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The identification and characterization of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and their use in antigen mini-arrays for cancer immunodiagnosis has been of interest recently as an approach to cancer detection. In this study, autoantibodies in sera from a patient with HCC were used as probes to immunoscreen a HepG2 cDNA expression library for the identification of TAAs involved in malignant liver transformation. Recombinant proteins from two genes identified in this manner, Sui1 and RalA were expressed, purified and used as antigens in immunoassays to detect the presence of antibodies in sera from 77 patients with HCC, 30 with chronic hepatitis (CH), 30 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 82 normal human sera (NHS). The prevalence of antibody to Sui1 and RalA in HCC were 11.7% (9/77) and 19.5% (15/77), respectively, which were significantly higher than prevalence in liver cirrhosis (3.3% and 3.3%), chronic hepatitis (0% and 0%) and normal human sera (0% and 0%). When Sui1 and RalA were added to a panel of eight other TAAs used in a previous study, the final cumulative prevalence of anti-TAA antibodies in HCC to the 10 TAA array was raised to 66.2% (51/77). The specificity for HCC compared with LC, CH and NHS, was 66.7%, 80.0%, and 87.8%, respectively. When anti-TAA was added to abnormal serum AFP as combined diagnostic markers, it raised the diagnostic sensitivity from 66.2% to 88.7%. AFP and anti-TAA were independent markers and the simultaneous use of these two markers significantly resulted in the increased sensitivity of HCC detection.     

早产儿与足月儿胼胝体面积的对比研究

目的 比较足月儿与发育至同龄的极低出生体重（VLBW）早产儿胼胝体及其分区面积的差异,以期为早产儿胼胝体宫外生长发育监测提供参考。方法 24例胎龄为39周的足月儿于出生当日、30例VLBW早产儿于纠正胎龄39周时分别接受颅脑高场MRI检查,扫描序列为T1WI、T2WI和DWI,选择T1WI正中矢状位图像,共得到49例合格的颅脑MRI图像,其中足月儿组21例,VLBW早产儿组28例;由两名影像学医师于不同时间分别勾画两次胼胝体及大脑,使用MATLAB R2010a中的图像处理函数对所勾画的图像进行测量,得到胼胝体及其6个分区面积。结果 VLBW早产儿组整个胼胝体及其6个分区中的前中体部、后中体部、峡部和压部面积均小于与之同龄的足月儿组（均PP>0.05）。结论 早产儿胼胝体后部区域的发育可能更容易受到病理因素的影响。     

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in women is not associated with IVF/ICSI outcomes

Objective

This study was to evaluate whether chronic HBV (Hepatitis B virus) infection in women is associated with poor performance following IVF/ICSI (in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection) treatments.

Materials and methods

123 cycles with female chronic HBV infection were compared with 246 cycles with no-infected couples, matched for female age, D3 serum FSH (follicles stimulation hormone) levels, body mass index and assisted reproductive technology approach used (IVF or ICSI), in a ratio of 1:2.

Results

The details in IVF/ICSI cycles, including the dosage of gonadotrophin used, the serum estradiol levels and the endometrial thickness on the day of hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, and the embryology data, were similar among seropositive and seronegative women. And there was no significant differences in implantation rates and live birth rates between seropositive women group and matched control (30.52 versus 28.34 % per transfer; 42.28 versus 40.65 %).

Conclusions

The results indicated that women with chronic HBV infection is not associated with outcomes of IVF/ICSI treatments.     

Combination treatment with comprehensive cryoablation and immunotherapy in metastatic hepatocellular cancer

AIM: To retrospectively assess the effect of comprehensive cryosurgery (ablation of intraand extra-hepatic tumors) plus dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in metastatic hepatocellular cancer. METHODS: We divided 45 patients into cryo-immunotherapy (21 patients), cryotherapy (n = 12), immunotherapy (n = 5) and untreated (n = 7) groups. Overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of metastatic hepatocellular cancer was assessed after an 8-year follow-up. RESULTS: Median OS was higher following cryo-immu-notherapy (32 mo) or cryotherapy (17.5 mo; P < 0.05) than in the untreated group (3 mo) and was higher in the cryo-immunotherapy group than in the cryotherapy group (P < 0.05). In the cryo-immunotherapy group, median OS was higher after multiple treatments (36.5 mo) than after a single treatment (21 mo; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy and, especially, cryoimmunotherapy significantly increased OS in metastatic hepatocellular cancer patients. Multiple cryo-immunotherapy was associated with a better prognosis than single cryo-immunotherapy.     

选择性透明角膜切口对白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光的影响

目的:探讨根据患者术前角膜散光差异,在不同部位选择性预设散光轴透明角膜切口行白内障超声乳化联合后房型折叠式人工晶状体植入术,对术后患者角膜散光的影响。方法:收集老年性白内障患者96例112眼,随机分为三组:A组颞侧透明角膜切口,34例39眼;B组11:00位透明角膜切口,26例31眼;C组角膜曲率引导下于角膜屈光力最大轴向上行个体化高选择性透明角膜切口,36例42眼。结果:术前、术后1wk,3组裸眼视力的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术后1,3mo,C组裸眼视力显著优于A,B组(均P<0.05),而A组与B组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组在术后1,3mo的角膜散光度显著小于A,B组(P<0.05)。结论:角膜曲率引导下行位于角膜屈光力最大轴方向切口,对白内障超声乳化术后角膜散光影响最小,并有利于患者术后视力较快恢复,有效控制术后术源性角膜散光,进一步提高患者术后视力。     

MicroRNA-34a overcomes HGF-mediated gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells partly by targeting MET

In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that harbours an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, over-expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important mechanism involved in the acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) by restoring activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway via phosphorylation of MET. In our study, we found that the forced expression of miR-34a inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis partly by targeting MET in HGF-induced gefitinib-resistant HCC827 and PC-9 cells. Furthermore, dramatic tumour regression was observed in the miR-34a plus gefitinib group in HGF-induced gefitinib resistant mouse xenograft models. This study demonstrates for the first time that miR-34a rescues HGF-induced gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutant NSCLC cells.     

Therapeutic effect of an injectable sustained-release sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis

Background  While intra-articular injection of sinomenine hydrochloride has a therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis, it has a short half-life, and is thermolabile and photolabile. The aim of this research was to evaluate the sustained-release of sinomenine hydrochloride from an injectable sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound (CSSSI) and its therapeutic effect in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection.

Methods  An injectable compound consisting of 1% sodium hyaluronate and 2.5% sinomenine hydrochloride was prepared and kept as the experiment group, and 2.5% sinomenine hydrochloride was prepared and kept as the control group. The cumulative mass release was measured at different time points in each group in vitro. Sixty-five male Zelanian rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: 15 (30 knees) each for the control, sodium hyaluronate, sinomenine hydrochloride, and CSSSI groups respectively, and five (10 knees) for the modeling group. Papain was injected into both knees of each rabbit for model establishment. Subsequently, 0.2 ml of the corresponding drugs was injected into the articular cavities of the remaining experiment groups, while the control group was treated with 0.2 ml normal saline. All groups were treated once a week for 4 weeks. Seven days after the last treatment, knees were anatomized to perform pathological observations and Mankin’s evaluation of the synovium. Four groups were compared using the SPSS 13.0 software package.

Results  In the in vitro sustained-release experiments, 90% of the drug was released in the experiment group 360 minutes following the injection. Comparison of the Mankin’s evaluations of the four groups illustrated statistical discrepancies (P <0.05). In further paired comparisons of the CSSSI group vs. modeling control/sodium hyaluronate/sinomenine hydrochloride groups, statistical significance was uniformly obtained. Moreover, sodium hyaluronate and sinomenine hydrochloride treatments showed significant improvement over the modeling control (P <0.05), whereas sodium hyaluronate vs. sinomenine hydrochloride comparison failed to reach significance (P >0.05).

Conclusions  CSSSI has a sustained-release effect on sinomenine hydrochloride. Intra-articular injection of CSSSI was significantly better than the sole sodium hyaluronate or sinomenine hydrochloride for the treatment of osteoarthritis in a rabbit model.