Clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention: Should they differ by gender?

The effects of cardiovascular disease are substantial in women, yet cardiovascular preventive therapies for women are underused. The prevalence and impact of many coronary risk factors differ by gender. Coronary risk interventions (eg, using aspirin) have diverse outcomes in women and men. Results from studies of preventive interventions specific to women (eg, menopausal hormone therapy) have changed preventive recommendations and clinical practice.     

肝脏少见恶性肿瘤的CT表现

目的 分析5例不同组织类型的肝脏少见恶性肿瘤的CT表现，以提高对这些恶性肿瘤的识别能力。方法 经临床和病理证实的肝脏少见恶性肿瘤5例，均行CT检查，其中肝肉瘤3例(包括血管肉瘤1例，恶性间叶瘤1例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤1例，类癌2例)。结果 上述肝脏恶性肿瘤表现多样化，恶性间叶瘤以儿童肝内巨大单发囊性为主病灶；肝血管肉瘤表现为肝内多发境界清楚的低密度灶，可合并坏死、囊变及新鲜出血，无肝硬化基础；恶性纤维组织细胞瘤为肝右叶单发巨块低密度病灶，可伴纤维分隔，免疫组织化学标记具有诊断价值；类癌CT特征为肝内单发或多发病灶，密度不均匀，呈单房或多房，增强表现实质部分强化，伴类癌综合征时更具有诊断价值。结论 本组分析的5例肝脏恶性肿瘤临床均较少见，各种病理类型的此类肿瘤有其相似和不同的CT征象，结合临床及实验室检查，应在临床诊断中考虑到上述肿瘤的可能，以免漏诊或误诊。     

Postprostatectomy incontinence: Pathophysiology and management

Postprostatectomy incontinence in men is a devastating condition impacting the quality of life profoundly. Various types of male sling procedures have been introduced over the years. The bone-anchored male sling appears to be effective and safe in intermediate-term follow-up. It is certainly more effective than collagen implant and may provide an alternative treatment option in patients with mild to moderate incontinence. In the short term, other novel procedures seem promising. In spite of new technology, the artificial urinary sphincter continues to provide high patient satisfaction and cure rates.     

A nationwide survey of excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease in France

To determine the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and that of dozing and sudden onset of sleep episodes (SOS) while driving in ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in France, a national sample of private and public neurologists was asked to recruit the first 10 consecutive nondemented PD patients. Each patient completed a questionnaire including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the likelihood of dozing off and experiencing SOS episodes behind the wheel. Clinical and demographic data were collected. One thousand six hundred and twenty‐five patients with PD were included in the survey. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients suffered from EDS (ESS score ≥10) but only 0.8% declared a high chance of dozing while driving and 0.5% reported totally unpredictable SOS episodes while driving. Risk factors for EDS were male gender, reduced activity of daily living, and a high daily levodopa equivalent dosage. Risk factors for SOS episodes while driving were an ESS score ≥10, male gender, and low Hoehn and Yahr staging. EDS is common in ambulatory patients with PD and is a major risk factor for dozing and for SOS episodes behind the wheel in patients who drive. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society     

富氧对海拔3700m高原人体运动心力储备的影响

目的　探讨富氧对高原人体运动心力储备方面的影响。方法　对海拔 3 70 0m高原的 1 2名健康青年富氧 (氧浓度为 2 4%～ 2 5 %)前后分别进行踏阶运动 ,采用心力监护仪采集和记录心动周期和心力信息 ,把完成规定运动量运动后第一心音 (S1 )幅值对安静时S1 幅值增加的相应倍数评估心肌收缩能力储备指数 (CCRI) ;利用舒张期和收缩期时限数据计算舒张期 /收缩期比值 (D/S比 )。结果　运动后较安静时HR ,D/S ,S1 幅值均增高 ,有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;富氧运动较未富氧运动CCRI,D/S ,S1 幅值增高 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HR无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　高原低氧环境下心脏储备主要是心肌收缩能力储备而不是心率储备。富氧对增强机体心力储备具有重要作用