Evolving trends in aortic valve replacement: A statewide experience

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for the treatment of aortic stenosis in patients at intermediate, high, and extreme risk for mortality from SAVR. We examined recent trends in aortic valve replacement (AVR) in Michigan.

Methods

The Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative (MSTCVS‐QC) database was used to determine the number of SAVR and TAVR cases performed from January 2012 through June 2017. Patients were divided into low, intermediate, high, and extreme risk groups based on STS predicted risk of mortality (PROM). TAVR patients in the MSTCVS‐QC database were also matched with those in the Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry to determine their Heart Team‐designated risk category.

Results

During the study period 9517 SAVR and 4470 TAVR cases were performed. Total annual AVR volume increased by 40.0% (from 2086 to 2920), with a 13.3% decrease in number of SAVR cases (from 1892 to 1640) and a 560% increase in number of TAVR cases (from 194 to 1280). Greater than 90% of SAVR patients had PROM ≤8%. While >70% of TAVR patients had PROM ≤ 8%, they were mostly designated as high or extreme risk by a Heart Team.

Conclusions

During the study period, SAVR volume gradually declined and TAVR volume dramatically increased. This was mostly due to a new group of patients with lower STS PROM who were designated as higher risk by a Heart Team due to characteristics not completely captured by the STS PROM score.     

Copious Irrigation Versus Suction Alone During Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis in Adults

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether copious irrigation of peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and improves the postoperative recovery in adults compared with suction alone. Methods: In this prospective randomized trial, adult patients with complicated appendicitis were randomized to “irrigation and suction”(IS) group or “suction only”(SO) group. All surgery was performed with a standardized 3-port laparoscopic approach. The IS group received peritoneal irrigation with a minimum of 2000 mL sterile normal saline. The study primary outcomes included wound infection and postoperative intra-abdominal abscess. The study secondary outcomes included duration of operation, first anal exsufflation time, duration of hospital stay and hospital charges. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to analyze the study data. Results: Between January 2015 and June 2016, a total of 260 patients with complicated appendicitis were enrolled in the study. The peritoneal irrigation resulted in a longer operation time (51.6 ± 16.1 vs. 41.5 ± 15.2 min, p <0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of wound infection between the two groups. However, the patients who received irrigation had a lower postoperative intra-abdominal abscess rate (3.1% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.039), earlier anal exsufflation (25.2 ± 16.5 vs. 30.7 ± 18.1 hr, p = 0.011), shorter hospital stay (10.2 ± 2.5 vs. 12.5 ± 2.8 days, p <0.001) and lower hospital charges (¥14,592 ± 2,251 vs. 16,674 ± 2,163, p <0.001) compared to those received suction alone. Conclusions: The study findings revealed that copious irrigation of peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic appendectomy could decrease the incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess in adult patients with complicated appendicitis. These patients also had faster postoperative recovery and lower hospital charges.     

基于SRK模型的护理人为差错类型分析及管理对策

目的了解护理人为差错的特点及其与不良事件的关系,为减少护理不良事件、保证患者安全提供依据。方法从某三级甲等医院的护士不良事件上报系统收集护理不良事件,根据SRK模型进行人为差错分类。结果共收集护理不良事件806起,其中护理人为差错占74.32%,非人为差错占25.68%;在护理人为差错中,规则型错误所占比例最高(58.43%),其次为技能型疏忽和技能型遗忘(分别为22.37%和11.69%),知识型错误和规则型疏忽占比较少(分别为7.18%和0.33%);不同类型护理人为差错导致的不良事件严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);知识型错误、规则型错误导致的不良事件严重程度显著高于技能型遗忘和技能型疏忽(均P<0.01)。结论护理人为差错是导致护理不良事件的主要因素,知识型及规则型人为差错引起的护理不良事件后果较严重,需要从组织层面和个人层面防范护理人为差错的发生。