萘普生合成工艺改进

为避免前文工艺中缩酮化和重排反应耗时长的缺点,将反应步骤改为丙酰萘甲醚先缩酮化后再溴化;所得溴代缩酮4再用氯化锌在甲苯中重排,从而使反应周期缩短30h 以上,总收率高,并割除了原甲酸三乙酯。     

女孩特发性中枢性性早熟的早期识别与防治

特发性中枢性性早熟是女孩常见的一种内分泌疾病,女孩特发性中枢性性早熟在早期可以通过观察第二性征的发育变化以及临床检查、GnRHa激发实验等措施加以识别;性早熟的预防可以采取减少饮食中激素的摄入、保持营养平衡、进行适度的运动等方法;女孩特发性中枢性性早熟可以用西药、中药或中西药结合进行治疗。     

Lactate dehydrogenase as promising marker for prognosis of brain metastasis

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a biomarker for cancer. However, the relationship between serum LDH levels and the survival of patients with brain metastasis has been...     

Soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence: a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Numbers of epidemiologic studies assessing soy consumption and risk of breast cancer have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to examine the association between soy isoflavones consumption and risk of breast cancer incidence or recurrence, by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched for all relevant studies with a prospective design indexed in PUBMED through September 1st, 2010. Summary relative risks (RR) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Pre-specified stratified analyses and dose–response analysis were also performed. We identified 4 studies of breast cancer recurrence and 14 studies of breast cancer incidence. Soy isoflavones consumption was inversely associated with risk of breast cancer incidence (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99). However, the protective effect of soy was only observed among studies conducted in Asian populations (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65–0.86) but not in Western populations (RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.87–1.06). Soy isoflavones intake was also inversely associated with risk of breast cancer recurrence (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70–0.99). Stratified analyses suggested that menopausal status may be an important effect modifier in these associations. We failed to identify a dose–response relationship between total isoflavones intake and risk of breast cancer incidence. Our study suggests soy isoflavones intake is associated with a significant reduced risk of breast cancer incidence in Asian populations, but not in Western populations. Further studies are warranted to confirm the finding of an inverse association of soy consumption with risk of breast cancer recurrence.     

Dairy consumption and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Epidemiologic findings are inconsistent regarding risk for breast cancer related to dairy consumption. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to examine the association between diary product consumption and risk of breast cancer. A PubMed database search through January 2011 was performed for relevant studies. We included prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for the association of dairy consumption and breast cancer risk. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. We identified 18 prospective cohort studies eligible for analysis, involving 24,187 cases and 1,063,471 participants. The summary relative risk of breast cancer for the highest intake of total dairy food compared with the lowest was 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.76–0.95), with evidence of heterogeneity (P = 0.01, I ² = 54.5%). For milk consumption, the summary relative risk was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.80–1.02), and substantial heterogeneity was observed (P = 0.003, I ² = 59.7%). Subgroup analyses based on limited numbers of studies suggested that the associations were somewhat stronger for low-fat dairy intake than for high-fat dairy intake and for premenopausal women than for postmenopausal women. There was a significant dose–response relationship of total dairy food, but not milk, consumption with breast cancer risk. Little evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that increased consumption of total dairy food, but not milk, may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.     

Omental mass combined with indirect inguinal hernia leads to a scrotal mass: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrimary omental tumors are uncommon, and omental fibromas account for 2% of these tumors. Due to the low incidence of omental fibromas and the limited relevant literature, it is challenging for clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis of this condition, especially before surgery.CASE SUMMARYA 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a left epididymal mass with vague discomfort for more than 1 mo. A physical examination was performed, and the findings showed that the epididymal mass may have entered the abdominal cavity. Pelvic computed tomography was performed in our hospital and revealed a left inguinal hernia with a mass in the hernial contents, and no masses were found in the left epididymis. A traditional inguinal hernia incision was made. Intraoperative hernia contents were found to be of the greater omentum, and a 2.5 cm-diameter mass was found at the distal end of the greater omentum. The scrotum and epididymis did not exhibit other masses. Then, the mass of the greater omentum was excised. Intraoperative frozen pathological examination suggested a spindle cell tumor. The postoperative pathological examination suggested that the mass was an omental angiofibroma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was discharged. Outpatient re-examinations were performed at 1 mo and half a year after the operation and showed no obvious abnormalities.CONCLUSIONDue to the low morbidity rate associated with and latent nature of omental tumors, these tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively; thorough medical history taking, detailed physical examinations, and necessary imaging auxiliary examinations can help clinicians diagnose and treat these cases.     

孟鲁司特钠和细菌溶解产物对支气管哮喘豚鼠气道重塑及TGF-β1、Smad7表达的影响

目的 探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂孟鲁司特钠（MK）和（或）细菌溶解产物（OM-85BV）干预下,对支气管哮喘豚鼠气道重塑及转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、Smad7水平变化的影响及其相关性。方法 将40只Hartley雄性豚鼠随机分成正常对照组、哮喘组、MK组、OM-85BV组和MK+OM-85BV组,每组8只。经腹腔内注射10%卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏并雾化吸入1% OVA激发以制备哮喘气道重塑模型,正常对照组以生理盐水替代;在雾化吸入激发阶段,MK组、OM-85BV组和MK+OM-85BV组给予相应的药物混悬液灌胃,正常对照组和哮喘组给予等量的生理盐水灌胃。激发阶段结束后24 h内,取豚鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）,用ELISA法测定BALF中TGF-β1、Smad7含量;并处死豚鼠,取肺组织病理切片观察气道重塑程度,采用图像分析技术测定肺内支气管基底膜周径（Pbm）、总管壁面积（Wat）及平滑肌面积（Wam）。采用Pearson直线相关对两变量间进行相关分析。结果 哮喘组、MK组、OM-85BV组和MK+OM-85BV组肺组织病理切片显示支气管平滑肌、肺泡壁均较正常对照组明显增厚,标准化的支气管总管壁面积（Wat/Pbm）及平滑肌面积（Wam/Pbm）均较正常对照组增大,TGF-β1水平均高于正常对照组,Smad7水平均低于正常对照组（均P < 0.05）;MK组、OM-85BV组和MK+OM-85BV组肺组织病理切片显示病理损害程度较哮喘组有所改善,Wat/Pbm、Wam/Pbm均较哮喘组降低,TGF-β1水平均低于哮喘组,Smad7水平均高于哮喘组,且MK+OM-85BV组较MK组、OM-85BV组改善得更多（均P < 0.05）。TGF-β1与Smad7表达水平呈负相关;TGF-β1表达水平与Wat/Pbm及Wam/Pbm分别呈正相关;Smad7表达水平与Wat/Pbm及Wam/Pbm分别呈负相关（均P < 0.01）。结论 MK和（或）OM-85BV干预哮喘豚鼠后能减轻气道重塑,其中MK联合OM-85BV干预效果最好;其机制可能是降低TGF-β1和提高Smad7含量,从而改善TGF-β1和Smad7表达水平的失衡,最终减轻气道重塑。     

A Survey on Injury Incidence in School Children in Shantou City, China

INTRODUCTION Injury is emerging as the most important preventable cause of death and disability in children beyond the first few months of life[1,2]. In China, injury has become a leading cause of death in children over one year[2]. In addition, injuries …