消银片抗炎作用的研究

(1)消银片对小鼠耳廓毛细血管通透性有明显抑制作用。(2)消银片对鸡蛋清引起的炎症有抗炎作用。     

头低位卧床对眼内压、近视力、视野的影响及其中药防护

目的观察头低位卧床模拟失重对人体眼压、视野、近视力的影响 ,及中药对抗模拟失重的效果。方法 1 0名被试者随机分成对照组和中药组 ,用头低位 - 6° 2 1d卧床模拟失重 ,分别于卧床前、中、后测量两组被试者眼内压、近视力及视野。结果眼内压及近视力在卧床期间呈波动下降趋势 ,两者间存在一定相关性 ;中心视野变化无显著性 ;服中药可在一定程度上防止近视力下降。结论 1 )头低位卧床可引起眼压、近视力下降 ;2 )服中药可在一定程度上对抗模拟失重对近视力的不良影响     

心肌缺血-再灌注中核因子-kB活性变化及其对中性粒细胞黏附的影响

目的　研究心肌缺血 -再灌注时中性粒细胞 (PMN)内核因子 - k B(NF- k B)活性变化与 PMN细胞间黏附分子 (ICAM- 1)表达及其 PMN黏附的关系。　方法　新西兰白兔 2 4只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组 8只。组 1:结扎兔左冠状动脉前降支造成心肌缺血 45分钟后再开放 ;组 2 :心肌缺血同组 1,用吡咯基二硫氨基甲酸酯 (PDTC)于心肌缺血前10分钟静脉注射 (15 mg/ kg) ;对照组 :不作动脉结扎。 3组分别于缺血前、再灌注 30分钟、6 0分钟、90分钟、12 0分钟、2 40分钟和 36 0分钟时用流式细胞仪检测 PMN ICAM- 1的表达 ,凝胶电泳迁移率分析检测 NF- k B的活性 ,测定PMN与脐静脉内皮细胞黏附率 (PMN- EC- 34 0 )。　结果　组 1中 PMN ICAM- 1的表达在心肌再灌注 12 0分钟时开始升高 ,并与 PMN- EC- 34 0黏附率变化有显著的相关性 ;NF- k B活性于心肌再灌注 30分钟后开始增高 ,12 0分钟达高峰 ,之后活性逐渐下降。组 2中 PMN ICAM- 1、NF- k B活化程度和 PMN- EC- 34 0黏附率升高幅度均低于组 1(P=0 .0 41,0 .0 2 9,0 .0 34 )。　结论　心肌缺血 -再灌注时刺激 NF- k B的活化 ,启动 PMN ICAM- 1的表达而参与缺血 -再灌注损伤的发生过程     

口溃宁胶囊在动物体内的药理作用

目的：观察口溃宁胶囊的抗炎作用及提高机体免疫力的作用。方法：以二甲苯所制的炎症试验，以贞芪扶正冲剂阳性对照的免疫试验。结果：口溃宁胶囊高剂量对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀均有明显抑制作用及对小鼠体液免疫有明显促进作用。结论：口溃宁胶囊具有抗炎及提高机体免疫力的作用。     

Intrinsic defects in the T-cell lineage results in natural killer T-cell deficiency and the development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse.

T-cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is closely associated with natural killer T (NKT)-cell deficiency. To determine whether intrinsic defects of the T-cell lineage contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease and NKT cell deficiency, we reconstituted the T-cell compartment in NOD.scid or BALB.scid mice with T-cells from NOD, nonobese diabetes-resistant (NOR), or AKR thymic precursor cells and examined the development of the NKT cell population. NKT cells developed well from AKR thymic precursor cells but not from other precursor cells in both recipient strains. Insulitis and diabetes developed only in the NOD.scid recipients of NOD or NOR precursor cells. When thymic precursor cells of beta2-microglobulin gene-deficient AKR mice, which have a deficient NKT population, were introduced into NOD.scid recipients, both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell populations developed and the recipient mice developed insulitis and diabetes. We conclude that NKT cells originate from a T-cell-committed thymic precursor population and that the deficiency in the NKT cell population in NOD mice results from intrinsic defects within the T-cell lineage and plays a major role in the development of autoimmune diabetes in the presence of both the NOD thymus and antigen-presenting cells.     

Combined effects of fasting and alanine on liver function recovery after cold ischemia

The effect of donor nutritional status on hepatic function recovery after cold ischemia is still debated. We demonstrated previously that a 48-h fast diminished the survival rate of liver-transplanted rats and that the deleterious effect of fasting was prevented by infusion of alanine to the recipient at reperfusion. Whether the duration of fasting influenced the protective effect of alanine and whether this effect was metabolic were not known, and the elucidation of these questions is the aim of this study. The effect on hepatic function recovery of fasting periods of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h prior to cold ischemia were studied in a model of isolated, perfused rat liver. After a cold-ischemic time of 24 h in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4 degrees C, livers were reperfused for 3 h. The combined effect of alanine (8 mM) infusion at liver reperfusion was evaluated for each prior fasting period. The addition of pyruvate (8 mM), a metabolic intermediary of alanine, was only tested in the 72-h fasting group. The evaluation criteria were: liver weight after reperfusion, release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the perfusate, bile production, vascular resistance and liver histology after reperfusion. The enzyme release at reperfusion was significantly higher when livers were harvested from rats submitted to a 48-h fast (ALT) or a 72-h fast (ALT, AST, LDH), as compared to those from fed rats. Vascular resistance was increased in 72-h fasted livers. An addition of alanine (8 mM) at reperfusion lowered the release of AST, ALT and LDH. This effect was more obvious when the fasting duration was increased. By contrast, the addition of pyruvate at reperfusion did not improve the recovery of livers submitted to a 72-h fasting period before preservation. A long fasting period is deleterious as compared to feeding; however, this effect can be compensated by infusion of alanine at reperfusion. The mechanism involved is not metabolic. In a clinical setting, the infusion of alanine to the recipient at reperfusion may be a convenient way to compensate for donor undernutrition, especially after a long stay in an intensive care unit.     

小儿胸腹或背部烧伤透气性简易床的制作及应用

目的；小儿胸腹或背部烫伤，使用透气性简易床可预防皮肤发生湿疹。方法：用木方、钢筛网、轴钉、铁钉、寸带等材料制成夹凳式和筛式两种简易床。结果：已发生湿疹的小儿使用后，在短时间内自然痊愈；未发生湿疹的患儿使用后，可预防湿疹发生。结果：小儿透气性简易床，使用方便并可预测湿疹发生。     

Dendritic architecture of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons projecting to the upper alimentary tract in the rat.

The motor innervation for palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and esophageal muscles originates within the nucleus ambiguus. Although the viscerotopic organization of the upper alimentary tract in the nucleus ambiguus has been extensively studied, little information concerning the dendritic arborization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons is available. The neural tracer cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase, which is particularly effective at revealing dendrites of retrogradely labeled neurons, was used to determine the dendritic architecture and organization of nucleus ambiguus motoneurons. In 72 rats, cholera toxin-horseradish peroxidase in volumes of 1.0-18 microliters was directly applied under pressure to the musculature of various sites along the upper alimentary tract. Motoneurons innervating the soft palate, pharynx, cricothyroid muscle, and cervical esophagus were all found to have extensive dendrites that extended into the adjacent reticular formation with a distinct pattern for each muscle group. In contrast, the dendrites of motoneurons innervating the thoracic and subdiaphragmatic esophagus were confined to the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus. Dendritic bundling within the confines of the nucleus ambiguus was prominent following injection of tracer into the soft palate, pharynx, and esophagus. The bundles were primarily oriented in a rostrocaudal direction. These data suggest that the extensive extranuclear dendritic arborization of motoneurons innervating the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and cervical esophagus provide a wide ranging target for multiple central afferents that may be involved in the differential control of muscles that participate in multiple complex motor functions. The lack of extensive extranuclear dendrites of motoneurons innervating the distal esophagus suggest that they receive focused central afferents. The prominent bundling of dendrites within the nucleus ambiguus may provide for synchronization of motoneurons innervating a specific muscle and perhaps for synchronization of motoneurons innervating different muscles acting in sequence.     

海人酸诱导颞叶癫癎大鼠海马中GAP-43和NCAM的表达变化以及托吡酯的干预作用

目的研究海人酸（KA）对大鼠海马中生长相关蛋白-43（GAP-43）和神经细胞粘附分子（NCAM）表达的影响，以及托吡酯（TPM）对其的干预作用。方法将48只大鼠随机分成生理盐水（NS）组、4mgKA组、10mgKA组和10mgKA＋TPM组（n=12），建立KA诱导颞叶癫癎大鼠模型和TPM干预模型，观察大鼠行为学改变，并通过RT-PCR和WesternBlot的方法测定各组大鼠海马中GAP-43及NCAM的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果大鼠建模成功；4mgKA组、10mgKA组大鼠GAP-43及NCAM的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于NS组（P〈0．01），且10mgKA组高于4nagKA组（P〈0．01）；10mgKA＋TPM组大鼠的GAP-43和NCAM表达明显低于10mgKA组（P〈0．01）。结论KA能够诱导致癎大鼠海马GAP-43和NCAM表达上调，且与KA剂量有关，而TPM能够抑制KA诱导的GAP-43和NCAM的表达上调。     

加速培养全科医生深化医药卫生改革

1　21世纪需要更多的全科医生跨过千禧年,人类将步入新的21世纪。在即将来临的新世纪中,随着医学模式的转变,卫生服务将从“一个医生,一个病人,开一个处方,做一个手术”的纯治疗模式转变为医疗、康复、保健、预防为一体和病人主动参与的模式。也就是从生理服务扩大到心理服务,从医疗服务扩大到预防保健服务,从技术服务扩大到社会服务,从医院服务扩大到社区服务。因此,早在1988年和1993年世界医学教育高峰会议上发布的《爱丁堡宣言》提出“为21世纪重新设计和培养医生”。ＷＨＯ卫生人力开发教育处Ｂｏｅｌｅｎ.Ｃ博士(1992年)提出了“五星级…