NOD小鼠胸腺细胞TCR介导的信号通路缺陷

目的 进一步研究NOD小鼠T细胞应答改变机理。方法 用抗TCR抗体、ConA激活NOD小鼠胸腺细胞，分析TCR介导的信号通路的水平。结果 与Balb／c小鼠胸腺细胞相比，抗TCR抗体诱导的增殖应答较弱，与年龄及NOD胸腺CD4^ CD8^-和CD4^-CD8^ SP细胞有关；rIL-2能部分恢复对TCR抗体应答的缺乏。NOD小鼠对PMA IONO和PMA anti—TCR-mAb应答正常，但对anti-TCRmAb IONO应答缺乏。结论 与年龄有关的NOD小鼠胸腺细胞对TCR抗体应答的缺乏与T细胞激活时上游PKC信号通路的缺乏有关。     

重组人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型逆转录酶的纯化及其动力学性质

目的纯化重组人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型逆转录酶（ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ），筛选新的ＨＩＶ－１ＲＴ抑制剂。方法在适宜的培养条件下诱导工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＭ１０９（ＰＫＲＴ２）可高效表达重组人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＩＶ－１）逆转录酶（ＲＴ）。应用ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素和磷酸纤维素离子交换柱层析法从细菌裂解液中分离、纯化重组ＲＴ。结果１升细菌培养液可得到１．１ｍｇ产物。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析显示所纯化的重组ＲＴ为由两个分子量分别为６６ｋＤ和５１ｋＤ的亚基组成的杂二聚体。酶活性测定结果表明，经纯化的重组ＲＴ具有很高的逆转录酶活性（比活力为１．４×１０４ｕｍｇ）。结论本文通过对ＲＴ反应条件的研究，优化了ＲＴ反应系统，并测定了磷甲酸钠（ＰＦＡ）对重组ＲＴ的抑制效应，结果表明ＰＦＡ对重组ＲＴ的抑制反应动力学机制与天然ＲＴ相同，从而进一步说明用此法纯化的重组ＲＴ可直接用于抗ＨＩＶ药物的筛选与评价。     

Sperm quality in Hodgkin's disease versus non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

The study was conducted to determine the deleterious effect of lymphoma disease on spermatogenesis and to evaluate the possibility that the disease is mediated primarily by inherent mechanisms in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. A total of 89 patients with lymphoma disease (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's) were referred for sperm preservation prior to adjuvant treatments. A comparison was made of pre- and post-thaw sperm quality between lymphoma patients and healthy volunteers who applied for sperm donation. This was followed by further assessment of the differences between patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in terms of sperm variables, clinical parameters and blood hormone concentrations. It was found that patients with lymphoma disease had significantly impaired pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm quality compared with that of healthy volunteers. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had spermatozoa of higher quality than patients with Hodgkin's disease. No differences were found in the clinical or hormonal parameters between these two groups. As expected, reduced testicular size and abnormal testicular consistency were correlated with decreased sperm quality. The mere presence of cancer disease has a direct negative effect on spermatogenesis, which is probably not related to incidental side-effects. A variable degree of impairment should be expected with different categories of cancer.      

睑部的应用人类学研究

对１００套成人干燥胸椎的每块椎骨椎孔的矢，横径，椎弓根的高度，下切迹深度，椎板厚度进行了测量和观察。结果提示：７％的胸椎，椎板内面出现不同程度的骨质增生，引起椎板增厚，是造成胸段椎管狭窄的解剖学基础。     

Different applications of polymerases with and without proofreading activity in single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis

With the completion of the human genome project, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the focus of intense study in biomedical research. Polymerase-mediated primer extension has been employed in a variety of SNP assays. However, these SNP assays using polymerase without proofreading function are compromised by their low reliability. Using a newly developed short amplicon harboring restriction enzyme site, EcoR-I, we were able to compare the single-base discrimination abilities of polymerases with and without proofreading function in primer extension in a broad range of annealing temperatures. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated a striking single-nucleotide discrimination ability of polymerases with proofreading function. Using unmodified 3'-end allele-specific primers, only template-dependent products were generated by polymerase with proofreading activity. This powerful single-base discrimination ability of exo(+) polymerases was further evaluated in primer extension using three types of 3' terminally modified allele-specific primers. As compared with the poor fidelity in primer extension of polymerases lacking 3' exonuclease activity, this study provides convincing evidence that the use of proofreading polymerases in combination with 3'-end modified allele-specific primers can be a powerful new strategy for the development of SNP assays.     

Calcium currents and transmitter output in cultured spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons

The effects of repetitive activation upon voltage-dependent calcium currents (ICa) and transmitter release were studied in dissociated cell cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. Sodium and potassium currents were suppressed with tetrodotoxin (TTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and cesium sulfate. Calcium currents were compared under voltage clamp before and after a series of depolarizing clamp pulses in spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Repetitive activation resulted in an exponential decline in ICa, with the decrease in ICa being much more marked in DRG compared with SC neurons. Both voltage-dependent inactivation and inactivation related to the intracellular movement of Ca2+ appeared to be involved in the decrement in ICa with repetitive activation. A decrease in transmitter output occurred with repetitive activation in DRG neurons but not in SC neurons (either excitatory or inhibitory). DRG neuron synaptic boutons had fewer mitochondria than did the boutons of either excitatory or inhibitory of SC neurons. The decrement in both ICa and synaptic transmitter output in DRG neurons could last for prolonged periods (at least minutes) following repetitive activation. We hypothesize that this vulnerability of DRG neurons to repetitive activation may be related, at least in part, to a relative incapacity to maintain a low intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca]i during periods of increased calcium ingress associated with excitation. Such an incapacity to buffer [Ca]i may be one mechanism leading to the inactive synapses seen in some studies in vitro and in vivo of synaptic transmission.     

心肌缺血／再灌注损伤时相性变化的电子示踪研究

本文以结扎家兔冠状动脉左室支为心肌缺血模型,应用镧电子示踪技术,生物体视学定量分析等方法,观察了心肌缺血不同时间再灌注后细胞膜系及线粒体超微结构以及镧示踪所提示的线粒体的功能变化等特点。结果表明,在心肌缺血20分时,细胞膜通透性升高,镧粒子进入细胞,再灌注时更为严重,即出现再灌注损伤。此时镧粒子多集于肌浆管。随缺血时间延长(30—40分),变化愈趋严重,缺血40分后再灌注,镧粒子大量涌入线粒体。而缺血60分,特别是再灌注时,心肌细胞严重破坏,几乎无完整线粒体,其中亦很少有镧颗粒。说明在此情况下的再灌损伤已属不可逆性。膜通透性的变化是由外及里的,即先肌膜而后为细胞内膜。就线粒体来讲则是先外膜而后内膜。实验结果提出可逆性(早期)再灌注损伤期,及不可逆性再灌注损伤期(晚期)的概念。     

Diagnosis and taxonomy of periodical psychosis

The concept and taxonomy of periodic psychosis still remains in controversy for the past 100 years. In China, it was first reported by Ji, and thereafter various rinds of terminology and views were given by different authors. In the presentation, clinical investigation and follow up were carried out in 62 cases. In many of these cases, the so-called "periodic psychosis" or "phasophrenia" was early clinical features of schizophrenia or manic-depression. In those cases with apparent symptoms and signs of diencephalic function, differential diagnosis should be carried out from organic brain syndrome. In a small number of cases, their clinical manifestations, conforming to previous diagnostic criteria, might be an uncommon syndrome. It was concluded by the authors that until now periodic could be considered only as a clinical syndrome rather than a disease entity.     

Dietary Habit Is Associated with Depression and Intelligence: An Observational and Genome-Wide Environmental Interaction Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort

Dietary habits have considerable impact on brain development and mental health. Despite long-standing interest in the association of dietary habits with mental health, few population-based studies of dietary habits have assessed depression and fluid intelligence. Our aim is to investigate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence. In total, 814 independent loci were utilized to calculate the individual polygenic risk score (PRS) for 143 dietary habit-related traits. The individual genotype data were obtained from the UK Biobank cohort. Regression analyses were then conducted to evaluate the association of dietary habits with depression and fluid intelligence, respectively. PLINK 2.0 was utilized to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) × dietary habit interaction effect on the risks of depression and fluid intelligence. We detected 22 common dietary habit-related traits shared by depression and fluid intelligence, such as red wine glasses per month, and overall alcohol intake. For interaction analysis, we detected that OLFM1 interacted with champagne/white wine in depression, while SYNPO2 interacted with coffee type in fluid intelligence. Our study results provide novel useful information for understanding how eating habits affect the fluid intelligence and depression.