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991.
The identification of genes inducing resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and their introduction into hematopoietic cells represents a promising approach to overcome bone marrow toxicity, the limiting factor for most high-dose chemotherapy regimens. Because resistance to cyclophosphamide has been correlated with increased levels of expression of the aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH1) gene in tumor cell lines in vitro, we tested whether ALDH1 overexpression could directly induce cyclophosphamide resistance. We have cloned a full- length human ALDH1 cDNA and used retroviral vectors to transduce it into human (U937) and murine (L1210) hematopoietic cell lines that were then tested for resistance to maphosphamide, an active analogue of cyclophosphamide. Overexpression of the ALDH1 gene resulted in a significant increases in cyclophosphamide resistance in transduced L1210 and U937 cells (50% inhibition concentration [IC50], approximately 13 mumol/L). The resistant phenotype was specifically caused by ALDH1 overexpression as shown by its reversion by disulfiram, a specific ALDH1 inhibitor. ALDH1 transduction into peripheral blood human hematopoietic progenitor cells also led to significant increases (4- to 10-fold; IC50, approximately 3 to 4 mumol/L) in cyclophosphamide resistance in an in vitro colony-forming assay. These findings indicate that ALDH1 overexpression is sufficient to induce cyclophosphamide resistance in vitro and provide a basis for testing the efficacy of ALDH1 gene transduction to protect bone marrow cells from high-dose cyclophosphamide in vivo. 相似文献
992.
993.
AM El-Tawil 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2010,16(28):3475-3477
The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing in young patients, in contrast to the well established wisdom that it is exclusively diagnosed in patients older than 40 years. In this survey, we examined all possible risk factors, and we recommend a number of measures for early detection in young patients who are at risk of developing this malignant tumor. 相似文献
994.
AM El-Tawil 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2010,16(6):659-662
Constipation is a significant manifestation of a number of psychological disorders.Published papers recommend using self-assessment questionnaires for discriminating psychological from non-psychological constipated patients before operating on them but reports from major surveys revealed that general practitioners failed to diagnose 70%of depressed patients using self-assessment questionnaires.Lower circulating concentrations of progesterone,17-hydroxyprogesterone,cortisol,testosterone,androstenedione,and d... 相似文献
995.
996.
Variations in target volume definition and dose to normal tissue using anatomic versus biological imaging (18F‐FDG‐PET) in the treatment of bone metastases: results from a 3‐arm randomized phase II trial 下载免费PDF全文
997.
ALPM Catelani ACV Krepischi CA Kim F Kok PA Otto MTBM Auricchio JF Mazzeu DT Uehara SS Costa J Knijnenburg A Tabith Jr AM Vianna-Morgante RC Mingroni-Netto C Rosenberg 《Clinical genetics》2009,76(5):458-464
The cause of hearing impairment has not been elucidated in a large proportion of patients. We screened by 1-Mb array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) 29 individuals with syndromic hearing impairment whose clinical features were not typical of known disorders. Rare chromosomal copy number changes were detected in eight patients, four de novo imbalances and four inherited from a normal parent. The de novo alterations define candidate chromosome segments likely to harbor dosage-sensitive genes related to hearing impairment, namely 1q23.3–q25.2, 2q22q23, 6p25.3 and 11q13.2–q13.4. The rare imbalances also present in normal parents might be casually associated with hearing impairment, but its role as a predisposition gene remains a possibility. Our results show that syndromic deafness is frequently associated with chromosome microimbalances (14–27%), and the use of aCGH for defining disease etiology is recommended. 相似文献
998.
Duong Thuy Tran BMed MIPH rea M. Stone RN MHS MAppMan Ritin S. Fernandez RN MN PhD Rhonda D. Griffiths AM RN RM BEd MSc DrPH FRCNA Maree Johnson RN BAppSci MAppSci PhD 《Perspectives in psychiatric care》2009,45(2):128-139
PURPOSE. This study aims to assess the impact of an education program on Australian general nurses' knowledge and competence in identifying and managing patients with alcohol and substance use and misuse, and compare findings with existing literature on mental health nurses.
DESIGN AND METHODS. Pre- and posttest design without a control group.
FINDINGS. The nurses' knowledge of safe drinking limits and alcohol withdrawal management improved following the education. Nevertheless, overall the nurses reported a lack of adequate knowledge and competence. Compared to mental health nurses, the nurses in this study had lower levels of knowledge and competence.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. We suggest several opportunities for general nurses to strengthen their knowledge and skills and the need for a comprehensive and regular education program. 相似文献
DESIGN AND METHODS. Pre- and posttest design without a control group.
FINDINGS. The nurses' knowledge of safe drinking limits and alcohol withdrawal management improved following the education. Nevertheless, overall the nurses reported a lack of adequate knowledge and competence. Compared to mental health nurses, the nurses in this study had lower levels of knowledge and competence.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. We suggest several opportunities for general nurses to strengthen their knowledge and skills and the need for a comprehensive and regular education program. 相似文献
999.
C Severini G La Corte G Improta M Broccardo S Agostini C Petrella V Sibilia F Pagani F Guidobono I Bulgarelli GL Ferri C Brancia AM Rinaldi A Levi R Possenti 《British journal of pharmacology》2009,157(6):984-993
Background and purpose:
Vgf gene expression has been detected in various endocrine and neuronal cells in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study we investigated the pharmacological activity of different VGF-derived peptides. Among these, TLQP-21, corresponding to the 556–576 fragment of the protein was the unique active peptide, and its pharmacological profile was further studied.Experimental approach:
The effects of TLQP-21 were examined in vitro by smooth muscle contraction in isolated preparations from the rat gastrointestinal tract and, in vivo, by assessing gastric emptying in rats. Rat stomach tissues were also processed for immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization.Key results:
In rat longitudinal forestomach strips, TLQP-21 (100 nmol·L−1–10 µmol·L−1) concentration-dependently induced muscle contraction (in female rats, EC50 = 0.47 µmol·L−1, Emax: 85.7 ± 7.9 and in male rats, 0.87 µmol·L−1, Emax: 33.4 ± 5.3; n = 8), by release of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and PGF2a from the mucosal layer. This effect was significantly antagonized by indomethacin and selective inhibitors of either cyclooxygenase-1 (S560) or cyclooxygenase-2 (NS398). Immunostaining and biochemical studies confirmed the presence of VGF in the gastric neuronal cells. TLQP-21, injected i.c.v. (2–32 nmol per rat), significantly decreased gastric emptying by about 40%. This effect was significantly (P < 0.05) blocked by i.c.v. injection of indomethacin, suggesting that, also in vivo, this peptide acts in the brain stimulating PG release.Conclusions and implications:
The present results demonstrate that this VGF-derived peptide plays a central and local role in the regulation of rat gastric motor functions. 相似文献1000.