Muscle strength,aerobic capacity and physical activity in independent ambulating children with lumbosacral spina bifida

Purpose. This cross-sectional study investigates deficits and associations in muscle strength, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), aerobic capacity (VO_2peak), and physical activity (PA) in independent ambulatory children with lumbosacral spina bifida.

Method. Twenty-tree children participated (13 boys, 10 girls). Mean age (SD): 10.4 (±3.1) years. Muscle strength (manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometry), 6MWD, VO_2peak (maximal exercise test on a treadmill), and PA (quantity and energy expenditure [EE]), were measured and compared with aged-matched reference values.

Results. Strength of upper and lower extremity muscles, and VO_2peak were significantly lower compared to reference values. Mean Z-scores ranged from ?1.2 to ?2.9 for muscle strength, and from ?1.7 to ?4.1 for VO2peak. EE ranged from 73 – 84% of predicted EE. 6MWD was significantly associated with muscle strength of hip abductors and foot dorsal flexors. VO_2peak was significantly associated with strength of hip flexors, hip abductors, knee extensors, foot dorsal flexors, and calf muscles.

Conclusions. These children have significantly reduced muscle strength, 6MWD, VO_2peak and lower levels of PA, compared to reference values. VO_2peak and 6MWD were significantly associated with muscle strength, especially with hip abductor and ankle muscles. Therefore, even in independent ambulating children training on endurance and muscle strength seems indicated.     

Experimental psychophysiological studies on the effects of fenetylline and mefenorex]

16 male subjects were tested 1--7 h after the application of either 40 mg of the anorectic mefenorex, 50 mg of the stimulant fenetylline or a placebo by a battery of psychophysiological and psychological methods. Two problems of basic psychological interest were investigated: 1. covariation of appetite and central stimulation; 2. indicators of activation assessed by different parameters. The results concerning the first problem were inconclusive. The results with respect to the second show that pharmacological substances may cause dissociation of different indicators of activation.     

Assessment of dynamic susceptibility contrast cerebral blood flow response to amphetamine challenge: a human pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging study at 1.5 and 4 T.

Pharmacological MRI (phMRI) techniques can be used to monitor the neurophysiological effects of central nervous system (CNS) active drugs. In this study, we investigated whether dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion imaging employing the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Resovist) could be used to measure hemodynamic response to d-amphetamine challenge in human subjects at both 1.5 and 4 T. Significant changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) were found in focal regions associated with the nigrostriatal circuit and mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways. More significant CBF responses were found at higher field strength, mainly within striatal structures. The results from this study indicate that DSC perfusion imaging using Resovist can be used to assess the efficacy of CNS-active drugs and may play a role in the development of novel psychiatric therapies at the preclinical level.     

Über die Lichtschutzwirkung konjugiert-ungesättigter Fettsäuren

Zusammenfassung Es wurde auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Erythemschutzwirkung einer Verbindung und deren Absorptionsspektrum hingewiesen. Um eine Erythemschutzwirkung zu entfalten, muß das Absorptionsspektrum der fraglichen Verbindungen einen ähnlichen UV-Spektralbereich decken wie die Erythemkurve. Die von uns ausgemessenen Absorptionsspektren konjugiert-ungesättigter Triene und Diene mit ihrem Maximum bei 2720 Å bzw. 2340 Å lassen eine Erythemschutzwirkung erwarten; dies wird auch durch die Bestimmung der Schutzwirkung von 4–5 Erythemdosen bekräftigt.Eine schwächere Erythemschutzwirkung wurde beim Linovitol bestimmt (3–4 Erythemdosen).Bei den anderen ungesättigten Fettsäuren wurden stärkere Abweichungen des Absorptionsspektrums, verglichen mit dem Erythemspektrum festgestellt; dieser Beobachtung entsprechend konnte bei letzteren Verbindungen fast keine Erythemschutzwirkung gemessen werden.Mit 4 Textabbildungen.     

Papierchromatographische Trennung von ATP, ADP und anderen Phosphors?ureestern in Trichloressigs?ureextrakten verschiedener Organe

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