Evolution of endodontic medicine: a critical narrative review of the interrelationship between endodontics and systemic pathological conditions

Odontology - Endodontics has gained emphasis in the scientific community in recent years due to the increase in clinical and in animal models studies focused on endodontic medicine, which aims to...     

Survival and prognostic factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing overall survival (OS) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Methods Medical charts of 547 patients with OSCC from a public hospital in northeastern Brazil seen between 1999 and 2013 were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The influence of age, sex, ethnicity, clinical stage, anatomical location, type of treatment, and comorbidities on the patients’ prognosis was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results The 5-year OS was 39%. Multivariate analysis showed that age < 40 years (HR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.02-4.72) and a single treatment modality (HR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.37-2.67) were associated with a poor prognosis, while early clinical stage resulted in better outcomes (HR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.25-0.58). Conclusions OSCC patients in advanced clinical stages, diagnosed at a younger age, and submitted to a single therapeutic modality have a poorer prognosis. Key words:Head and neck cancer, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, survival, prognosis.     

Selective,stepwise, or nonselective removal of carious tissue: which technique offers lower risk for the treatment of dental caries in permanent teeth? A systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the risk of selective removal—in comparison with stepwise and nonselective removal     

Diode laser surgery versus electrocautery in the treatment of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser and electrocautery techniques for inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) removal.

Materials and methods

In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 40 individuals were randomly allocated to two groups: group 1 (G1) consisted of 20 individuals assigned to treatment with diode laser and group 2 (G2) consisted of 20 individuals assigned to treatment with electrocautery. The following transoperative parameters were evaluated: bleeding, temperature, and surgical technique parameters (energy deposited on tissue, flow rate, and time of incision). The postoperative parameters evaluated were as follows: pain, functional alterations (chewing, speaking), analgesic medication intake, swelling, healing of the wound area, and patient satisfaction.

Results

Among the 40 individuals included in the study, four (two in G1 and two in G2) did not complete the entire follow-up. Therefore, 36 individuals (18 in G1 and 18 in G2) participated. Participants in G1 and in G2 had similar demographic characteristics. No difference regarding the trans- or postoperative parameters evaluated was observed between G1 and G2 (p > 0.05). Also, no difference regarding the time for healing was observed between groups.

Conclusions

Diode laser seems to be as effective and safe as electrocautery when applied under similar conditions for IFH removal.

Clinical relevance

IFH corresponds to 65% of the lesions observed in denture wearers. This study shows that under similar conditions diode laser is as effective and safe as electrocautery for removal of IFH.

     

Improving bonding to eroded dentin by using collagen cross-linking agents: 2 years of water storage

Clinical Oral Investigations - The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of collagen cross-linking agents on nanomechanical and bonding properties of eroded dentin (ED), 24&nbsp;h...     

Is arsenite more toxic than arsenate in plants?

Ecotoxicology - In order to evaluate the differential absorption and toxicity of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), Lemna valdiviana plants were grown in a nutrient solution and subjected to 0.0...     

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Compliance with the Recommendations of the Brazilian National STD/AIDS Control Program for Prenatal and Perinatal HIV Testing in Porto Alegre, Brazil

In order to benefit from antiretroviral therapy, pregnant women infected with HIV must be tested and diagnosed. Not infrequently, however, women present in labor without prior prenatal care and are thus unable to benefit fully from HIV testing and, if infected, antiretroviral therapy. In this study we evaluated the need for rapid perinatal HIV testing for untested mothers presenting in labor in a public maternal–child hospital that provides care for metropolitan Porto Alegre, Brazil, and potentially modifiable risk factors for noncompliance with national recommendations. We surveyed a consecutive sample of women who gave birth at Hospital Materno–Infantil Presidente Vargas (Presidente Vargas Mother-and-child Hospital) in August–October 2001and administered a structured questionnaire to consenting participants. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data, information on health-seeking behavior, knowledge of HIV infection, and testing during pregnancy. We confirmed information on HIV testing, syphilis, and hepatitis B by examination of the patient's prenatal records. We also obtained data regarding laboratory testing and treatment during labor and delivery (e.g., HIV testing, antiretroviral treatment, and suppression of lactation) from hospital inpatient charts. Of 214 eligible participants, 209 (98%) agreed to participate in the study. Overall 173 (83%) of the 209 participants had had a previous HIV test and 36 (17%) had not. Women with fewer pregnancies were more likely to have been tested (p = .017), as were women with lower family incomes (p = .007). No women had received rapid tests in the delivery room. Of the 209 participants, 201 (96%) had had at least one prenatal visit and 169 (81%) had had three or more visits; 12 (6%) of these reported that they had not been offered an HIV test, 5 (2%) did not know if testing had been offered or not, and 191 (95%) reported that they had been offered a test. We were able to obtain prenatal records for 190 (95%) of the 201participants who had received prenatal care. HIV testing was not mentioned in 9% of charts. Results of syphilis tests were recorded on prenatal records or hospital charts for 167 (80%)participants, and results of hepatitis B surface antigen were found for 93 (45%). Women who to 30pchad had three or more prenatal visits were significantly more likely to have been tested for to 30pcHIV (OR 46.96, 95% CI, 15.92–144.85, .0001), syphilis (OR 31.64, 95% CI, 11.81–87.42, p < .0001) or HBsAg (OR, 4.88, 95% CI, 1.91–12.99, p < .0001) than women who had had two prenatal visits or fewer. Our study showed shown that in 12% of the pregnancies included in our sample national recommendations for prenatal or perinatal testing were not followed, and in an additional 5%, HIV testing, though offered, was not obtained. These women could potentially have benefited from rapid HIV testing. As knowledge of HIV and risk factors for transmission were almost universal in our sample, we believe that the passive health-seeking behavior we observed may offer an opportunity for targeting new efforts to promote the importance of prenatal care and prenatal diagnosis of HIV.     

Unilateral Plantar Flexors Static-Stretching Effects on Ipsilateral and Contralateral Jump Measures

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of unilateral ankle plantar flexors static-stretching (SS) on the passive range of movement (ROM) of the stretched limb, surface electromyography (sEMG) and single-leg bounce drop jump (SBDJ) performance measures of the ipsilateral stretched and contralateral non-stretched lower limbs. Seventeen young men (24 ± 5 years) performed SBDJ before and after (stretched limb: immediately post-stretch, 10 and 20 minutes and non-stretched limb: immediately post-stretch) unilateral ankle plantar flexor SS (6 sets of 45s/15s, 70-90% point of discomfort). SBDJ performance measures included jump height, impulse, time to reach peak force, contact time as well as the sEMG integral (IEMG) and pre-activation (IEMG_{pre-activation}) of the gastrocnemius lateralis. Ankle dorsiflexion passive ROM increased in the stretched limb after the SS (pre-test: 21 ± 4° and post-test: 26.5 ± 5°, p < 0.001). Post-stretching decreases were observed with peak force (p = 0.029), IEMG (P<0.001), and IEMG_{pre-activation} (p = 0.015) in the stretched limb; as well as impulse (p = 0.03), and jump height (p = 0.032) in the non-stretched limb. In conclusion, SS effectively increased passive ankle ROM of the stretched limb, and transiently (less than 10 minutes) decreased muscle peak force and pre-activation. The decrease of jump height and impulse for the non-stretched limb suggests a SS-induced central nervous system inhibitory effect.

Key points

• When considering whether or not to SS prior to athletic activities, one must consider the potential positive effects of increased ankle dorsiflexion motion with the potential deleterious effects of power and muscle activity during a simple jumping task or as part of the rehabilitation process.
• Since decreased jump performance measures can persist for 10 minutes in the stretched leg, the timing of SS prior to performance must be taken into consideration.
• Athletes, fitness enthusiasts and therapists should also keep in mind that SS one limb has generalized effects upon contralateral limbs as well.

Key words: Athletic training, exercise performance, exercise training, crossover, cross-education