应用VTK技术建立唇腭裂可视化模型

目的:寻求一种高效率、高精度建立唇腭裂患者颌面部可视化模型的方法.方法:利用薄层CT获取原始数据,运用k-均值聚类算法进行图像分割,结合VTK(Visualization Toolkit)技术进行可视化模型的建立.结果:建立了更为精确的唇腭裂患者颌面部的可视化模型,总结出了一种更为方便高效的通用可视化建模方法.结论:应用VTK方法建立可视化模型,软件开发周期更短,精度更高,应用更广泛.     

点阵Er：YAG激光辅助外用麻醉药物传输的临床观察

目的：由于角质层的屏障作用,外用药物很难经皮吸收。铒：钇铝石榴石（Er：YAG）点阵激光通过点状剥脱的模式穿透角质层,破坏了角质层的完整性,可以加速外用药物经皮吸收的速度。本实验旨在验证外用表面麻醉药之前用点阵Er：YAG激光破坏角质层,可以促进表面麻醉药的吸收速度。方法：在31名受试者的左前臂上划出三块相邻的4cm×3cm区域,分别予以Er：YAG激光加表面麻醉药（＂点阵＋麻药＋疼痛＂）,表面麻醉药对照（＂麻药＋疼痛＂）和空白对照干预（＂润肤露＋疼痛＂）。干预后对各区域用YSGG激光治疗,通过受试者对激光治疗的疼痛评分（VAS评分）来验证表面麻醉药的吸收速度。结果：三个区域的疼痛评分分别为2.84±0.66,3.91±0.79,4.59±0.87。激光加表面麻醉药的区域（＂点阵＋麻药＋疼痛＂）疼痛评分显著小于另外两个区域（P值分别为0.042和0.003）。结论：说明点阵Er：YAG激光辅助外用麻醉药物的经皮吸收有效。     

小儿心脏手术麻醉期间空气混合氧(Fi020.5)改善气体交换

目的:100%O2常规用于麻醉前预先吸氧和麻醉诱导.吸高氧浓度更快地发生肺不张,一个重要的原因是全麻期间损害肺气体交换.我们用气管插管后0.5 FiO2混合空气和100%O2的通气效果,评价损害气体交换的发展过程.方法:102名年龄1月～15岁,先天性心脏病(非紫绀型)手术病人,均100%O2麻醉前预先吸氧3min和(麻醉诱导时)面罩通气2min,接下来气管插管.这些病人随机分为两组:Ⅰ组49例0.5FIO2和空气混合通气,Ⅱ组53例100%O2通气.分别于预先吸氧前和气管插管后30min、入ICU、拔管后30min、术后前三天做动脉血气分析,做记录接着计算PaO2/FiO2比值.结果用t检验和单相方差分析.P值＜或=0.05结果相差显著.结果:PCO2值入ICU(C)时CO2交换Ⅰ组明显优于Ⅱ组,PaO2术后在入ICU(C)60%FiO2、拔管后30min(D)1.5L/min FIO2面罩吸氧两个时间点动脉血氧Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组,PaO2/FiO2值在插管后30min(B)、入ICU(C)60%FiO2、拔管后30min(D)Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组(P值＜0.03).结论:先天性心脏病(非紫绀型)手术患儿全麻时,0.5 FiO2混合空气通气较100%O2通气能够显著的改善肺的气体交换功能.     

腹部器官簇移植治疗终末期肝病合并胰岛素依赖的2型糖尿病五例

目的 总结了改良的腹部器官簇移植(MCT)治疗终末期肝病合并胰岛素依赖的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的经验.方法 回顾性分析了单中心连续实施的5例MCT的资料.5例全部为男性,原发病为乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并T2DM 3例,乙型肝炎后肝硬化合并T2DM 1例,原发性肝癌(HCC)合并T2DM 1例.受者切除患肝后,原位植入包括肝脏、胰腺、部分十二指肠的器官簇,器官簇来源于同一个供者.胆道和胰腺外引流采用供者十二指肠与受者上段空肠Roux-en-Y吻合或者侧侧吻合方式.术后采用巴利昔单抗诱导,他克莫司(Tac)+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)+皮质激素联合应用预防排斥反应,之后过渡至单用Tac维持治疗.结果 5例手术均顺利,患者于术后早期(8～27 d)完全脱离胰岛素治疗,并且血糖水平维持正常.其中3例术前C肽水平严重降低,术后早期明显升高,并维持于正常水平.1例术后发生移植物抗宿主病,并死亡,其他4例顺利恢复,术后分别随访22、15、5和4个月,均存活,并已恢复正常生活,移植物功能正常,血糖水平正常.结论 腹部器官簇移植是治疗终末期肝病合并胰岛素依赖的2型糖尿病的有效手段.

Abstract：

Objective Modified upper abdominal cluster transplantation (MCT), which was inspired by the classical cluster transplant technique, has been proven more effective and feasible in the treatment of patients with end stage liver diseases associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) than orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) alone. In this study, we summarized our experience with MCT in 5 consecutive patients suffering from end stage liver diseases associated with insulin-dependent type 2 DM in our single center.Methods Five patients with hepatitis B-related chronic liver cirrhosis and insulin dependent type 2 DM received MCT in our single center. The biliary and exocrine pancreatic drainage reconstructions were achieved by a Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy or a side-to-side duodenojejunostomy. A quadruple immunosuppressive regimen based on tacrolimus including Basiliximab induction, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroids was used in the early stage post-transplant, and then converted to tacrolimus monotherapy.Results All of the patients experienced an uneventful post-operative recovery. They were rendered independent from insulin therapy shortly after transplantation. The fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were within normal range. In addition, the fasting C-peptide value was increased from much lower than the normal range pre-transplant to within normal range post-transplant and maintained stable since then. However, the third patient suffered from graft verse host disease (GVHD) 20 days post-operatively and died from severe infection on the post-operative 47 days. The other 4 patients had returned to work and a normal lifestyle over 22, 15, 5 and 4 months of follow-up.Conclusion MCT is an effective method in treating patients suffering from end stage liver diseases combined with insulin-dependent type 2 DM. Whether a cluster graft would increase the risk of GVHD needs further investigation.     

年龄≤50岁非前列腺癌男性初始PSA及PSA速度的分布特点分析

目的 探讨年龄≤50岁非前列腺癌男性初始PSA及PSA速度的分布特点.方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2009年11月初始PSA检测年龄≤50岁的非前列腺癌患者的PSA值,计算PSA检测≥2次者的PSA速度.研究不同年龄段初始PSA及PSA速度的分布范围,分析初始PSA、初始PSA年龄及PSA速度之间的相关性.用生存分析和log-rank检验比较初始PSA高于和低于中位数2组患者将来PSA≥2.5 ng/ml风险的差异.结果 4206例非前列腺癌者,初始PSA中位数为0.6 ng/ml,其中≥1.0、≥2.5和≥4.0 ng/ml者分别1026例(24.4%)、177例(4.2%)和90例(2.1%).417例PSA检测≥2次者PSA速度的中位数为0.03 ng·ml-1·y-1,其中≥0.35、≥0.75和≥2.00 ng·ml-1·y-1者分别为25例(6.0%)、13例(3.1%)和8例(1.9%).年龄与PSA、年龄与PSA速度、PSA与PSA速度之间均无明显相关性(r值分别为0.019、-0.015和-0.006,P值分别为0.218、0.754和0.897).395例PSA检测≥2次且初始PSA＜2.5 ng/ml者随访3个月～7.1年,中位时间2.0年,初始PSA高于和低于中位数2组患者将来PSA超过2.5 ng/ml的风险差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论年龄≤50岁非前列腺癌男性的中位初始PSA和PSA速度分别为0.6 ng/ml 和0.03 ng·ml-1·y-1.初始PSA高于中位数的患者将来PSA超过2.5 ng/ml的风险明显增高.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the distribution and characteristics of initial PSA and PSA velocity in men younger than years without prostate cancer. Methods PSA in men younger than 50 years without prostate cancer from January 2001 to November 2009 were retrieved retrospectively from our computer center. PSA velocity was calculated if their PSA was measured twice or more. The distributions of initial PSA and PSA velocity were analyzed. The correlations between initial PSA, initial PSA age, and PSA velo-city were also analyzed. Kaplan-meier and log-rank tests were used to estimate the significant difference at the risk of PSA≥ 2.5 ng/ml after initial PSA measurement, stratified by median initial PSA (0.6 ng/ml). Results A total of 4206 men without prostate cancer were included. The median initial PSA value in these men was 0.6 ng/ml. Of these men, 1026 (24.4%), 177 (4.2%), and 90 (2.1%) had an initial PSA≥1.0, ≥2.5, and ≥4.0 ng/ml, respectively. A total of 417 men had their PSA measured these men, 25 (6.0%), 13 (3.1%), and 8 (1.9%) had a PSA velocity≥0.35, ≥0.75, initial PSA age and initial PSA, initial PSA age and PSA velocity, and initial PSA and PSA velocity (correlation coefficient r=0.019, -0.015, and -0.006, respectively; P=0.218, 0.754, and 0.897, respectively). After a follow-up of up to 7.1 years from baseline PSA measurement, the risk of PSA≥2.5 ng/ml, stratified by median initial PSA (0.6 ng/ml) was significantly different (log-rank test, P＜0.001). Conclusions The median baseline PSA and PSA velocity in men younger than 50 years old without prostate cancer are 0.6 ng/ml and 0.03 cancer with an initial PSA higher than median (0.6 ng/ml) have a subsequently higher risk of PSA value ≥2.5 ng/ml.     

肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱β内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌流行病学、细菌学及临床回顾性分析

目的探讨肝移植术后血行感染中产超广谱B内酰胺酶（ESBL）的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的流行病学、细菌学及临床结果。方法选择1998年1月至2009年12月12年间本院肝移植患者资料。对其移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的情况进行回顾性分析。结果768例肝移植患者中,19（2．5％）例出现产ESBL革兰阴性杆菌血行感染,共分离到革兰阴性杆菌菌株共23株,其中大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见。产气大肠杆菌、阴沟大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌较少。产ESBL的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类敏感率高达100％,但产ESBL大肠埃希菌对左旋氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、妥布霉素等多种抗生素出现耐药。产ESBL肺炎克雷伯菌则对头孢曲松出现完全耐药。肝移植术后产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者与非产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染患者之间的15d、30d、1年死亡率差异无统计学意义。结论肝移植术后血行感染中产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗生素耐药,对碳青霉烯类敏感：产ESBL大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌血行感染并未明显增加患者死亡率。     

靶向Notch1基因siRNA真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建并鉴定靶向Notch1基因的siRNA真核表达载体。方法：根据Notch1基因cDNA序列，设计靶向目的基因的3个siRNA靶序列，将其插入U6启动子下游，克隆到真核表达载体pGsensil中，并进行酶切鉴定和DNA测序鉴定。采用脂质体介导法将构建好的3个siRNA表达载体分别转染T24人膀胱癌细胞中，荧光下观测转染效率。RT-PCR检测Notch1基因mRNA在转染前后的表达。结果：转染48h后3个siRNA表达载体均不同程度的抑制了Notch1 mRNA的表达。酶切鉴定及DNA测序结果显示插入片断正确。结论：成功构建的靶向Notch1的siRNA真核表达载体，具有抑制Notch1基因mRNA表达的功能，可能为膀胱癌基因治疗研究提供一个新的方向。     

膀胱移行细胞癌患者RASSF1A蛋白表达和启动子区甲基化的研究

目的:探讨RASSFlA(RAS association domain family1A)蛋白表达水平与启动子甲基化的关系.方法:应用免疫印迹技术(western-blot)检测10例正常膀胱组织和23例膀胱移行细胞癌(Badder transitional cell carcinoma,BTCC)组织中RASSFlA蛋白表达水平;用甲基化特异性PCR(Methylation-Specific PCR,MSP)方法检测正常膀胱组织,BTCC组织中RASSF1A基因启动子CPG岛甲基化状态.结果:RASSF1A蛋白在正常膀胱组织中全部表达,在BTCC组织中表达率为30.4%(7/23),二组间表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但各肿瘤分期、病理分级间的表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在正常膀胱组织中,RASSF1A基因启动子未发生甲基化;在BTCC组织中,RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化频率为60.9%(14/23),二组间表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在14份启动子异常甲基化的BTCC标本中,13份同时伴有RASSFIA蛋白表达缺失或下调,两者存在明显相关性(P＜0.05).结论:RASSFlA基因启动子在BTCC组织中发生异常甲基化,使RASSF1A蛋白表达缺失,推测RASSFIA基因启动子CPG岛异常甲基化导致RASSF1A基因失活从而引起肿瘤的发生,而与肿瘤的进展可能无关.     

超声监护在完全子宫纵隔伴有双宫颈双阴道畸形宫腔镜电切术的临床应用

目的探讨超声监视下宫腔镜电切术治疗完全子宫纵隔伴有双宫颈双阴道畸形的临床价值。方法在超声监视下，对17例完全子宫纵隔伴有双宫颈双阴道患者行宫腔镜子宫纵隔切开术。结果在超声监视下17例均一次完成纵隔电切手术，无子宫穿孔，膀胱、肠管损伤及水中毒等并发症。术后1年随访，宫腔形态正常，无粘连积血。17例患者术后妊娠情况与术前妊娠情况比较：足月活产率明显增高，流产及早产率明显下降，均有显著性差异（P〈0．001），足月分娩者均未发生子宫破裂、胎盘植入及产后大出血等分娩并发症发生。结论超声监护可以辅助完全子宫纵隔伴有双宫颈双阴道畸形宫腔镜电切术顺利进行并取得良好的效果，值得推广。     

苗勒管永存综合征（2例报告并文献复习）

目的：探讨苗勒管永存综合征（PMDS）的病因、临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法：报告2例PMDS。1例伴睾丸横过异位；另1例伴隐睾。伴隐睾者予隐睾切除，两者均接受子宫体大部切除和睾丸固定术。结果：随访1.5-2年，2例患者睾丸质地、血流均正常。结论：PMDS为一种男性假两性畸形，治疗应力求保护睾丸的血供和生殖功能，并密切随访。