X线钼靶及立体定位活检在诊断乳腺腺病中的应用

目的探讨乳腺腺病的X线表现及在立体定位活检中的应用。方法分析2011年1月至2012年10月在我院就诊的60例乳腺腺病患者的临床资料及影像学表现。所有患者均经X线钼靶及立体定位活检手术病理证实。结果患者年龄29～84岁,平均45.2岁。14例患者可触及乳腺结节,7例患者有乳腺癌家族史。X线表现:38例(63%)X线表现为单纯钙化,其中簇状钙化24例,13例(22%)表现为单纯结节,6例(10%)结节内部或边缘伴钙化,3例(5%)表现为局部腺体密度增高或结构紊乱,其中1例伴钙化。结论钙化是乳腺腺病最常见的X线征象。乳腺腺病缺乏特异性影像学特征,全数字化乳腺X线立体定位核芯针穿刺活检或立体定位导丝导向切除活检可对病变的良、恶性作出鉴别。     

运用改良Park′s法矫正内眦赘皮87例

目的探讨改良Park’s法矫正内眦赘皮的效果。方法从2009年1月-2012年10月,采用改良Park’s法矫正内眦赘皮87例,男性6例、女性81例,年龄16～42岁;术前标记a、b、c、d、e点(a点为泪湖最内侧端在内眦赘皮上的投影点,b点为内眦赘皮和下睑皮肤的交界点,d点为泪湖最内侧端点,e点位于与睑缘平行的重睑切口线上,c点为重睑切口线与a点向上45°延长线的交点),连接e、c、a、d各点,作为手术切口线,手术依标记线切开,于眼轮匝肌表面分离皮肤和皮下组织,暴露内眦韧带,5-0丝线折叠缝合缩短内眦韧带,7-0无损伤线缝合皮肤。结果本组病例随访42例,并与同期的反向"Z"成形术效果对比,改良Park’s法病例术后两内眦间距离缩短明显、睑裂加长、泪阜显露适中、眦角自然、外形美观,未见内眦赘皮复发和明显瘢痕形成。结论改良运用Park’s法矫正内眦赘皮,眼睛形态好,瘢痕不明显,患者容易满意,适合除倒向型外的所有内眦赘皮的矫正。     

Arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with modified double-layer bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft

Purpose

The objective of present study was to introduce a modified double-layer bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) allograft for arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstruction and investigate the clinical outcomes.

Methods

From 2007 to 2009, a total of 136 patients underwent arthroscopic single-bundle ACL reconstructions with BPTB allograft. Of which, 66 patients were with double-layer BPTB allograft (Group 1), and 70 patients were with conventional BPTB allograft (Group 2). Clinical outcomes including Lachman and pivot-shift tests, KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, and Lysholm and Tegner activity scores were compared between the two groups at a 2-year minimum follow-up.

Results

Forty-six patients in each group were at a two-year minimum follow-up. The mean side-to-side difference on the KT-1000 arthrometer was 1.2 ± 1.2 mm for group 1 and 2.1 ± 1.9 mm for group 2, with significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.017). The knee function was significantly better for group 1 than for group 2, because the mean Lysholm score was 94.2 ± 4.8 points versus 86.6 ± 7.1 points (p = 0.000), and the median Tegner score was 8 (range 5–10) points versus 6 (range 4–10) points (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

On the basis of the KT-1000 arthrometer evaluation and clinical measures, single-bundle ACL reconstruction with double-layer BPTB allograft achieves significantly lesser anterior laxity and better knee function than a single-layer allograft reconstruction.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic, retrospective comparative study, Level III.     

Aortic valve replacement in severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular dysfunction: determinants of cardiac mortality and ventricular function recovery

Objective: The influence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction on survival of patients with severe aortic stenosis is poorly characterized. Few data are available about preoperative predictors of cardiac mortality and LV function recovery after aortic valve replacement of such patients. The aim of our study was to examine the outcome and the preoperative predictors of postoperative cardiac death and of LV function recovery in these patients. Methods: We evaluated 85 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis (aortic valve area <1 cm²) and severe depression of LV ejection fraction (EF) <35% at cardiac catheterization. Among them, 52 underwent aortic valve replacement and they were compared to patients who were not operated on. All patients had a mean clinical follow-up of 53 months and 94% of them had a mean echocardiographic follow-up of 14 months after aortic valve replacement. Results: The mean baseline characteristics included: LVEF 28±6%, peak-to-peak transvalvular gradient 51±29 mmHg, aortic valve area 0.63±0.25 cm². Thirty-three patients did not undergo aortic valve replacement: 32 of them died within 3 years. Fifty-two patients underwent aortic valve replacement and 16 had a concomitant coronary bypass surgery. In-hospital mortality was 8%. Postoperative NYHA functional class changed from 2.84±0.67 to 1.43±0.44 (P<0.001) and LVEF from 29±6% to 43±10% (P<0.001). At follow-up 10 patients died of heart disease. By multivariate analysis, preoperative LV end-systolic volume index (ESVI) was the only covariate of cardiac death (LVESVI/10 ml/m², OR 1.3, CI 1.1–1.8, P<0.028). By using a receiver operating characteristic curve, LVESVI≤90 ml/m² was the best cut-off value (sensitivity and specificity 78%) to fit with a better survival (93% vs. 63%, P<0.01) and with LVEF recovery after aortic valve replacement (EF improved by 15±10% vs. 8±5%, P<0.001). Conclusions: Despite LV dysfunction, aortic valve replacement appears to change drastically the natural history of severe aortic stenosis. Preoperative LV levels predict different postoperative survival rate and LVEF recovery.     

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the preoperative assessment of thyroid nodules in an endemic goiter area

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) in the preoperative assessment of suspicious thyroid nodules. METHODS: A total of 43 patients were examined before surgical resection. In all patients, imaging was obtained at 70 minutes after the intravenous administration of 180 MBq (18)F-FDG. Standard uptake values (SUVs) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients with thyroid carcinomas (11 papillary, 3 follicular, 2 anaplastic), 23 thyroid adenomas (11 microfollicular, 10 Hurthle cell, 2 macrofollicular), and 4 patients with degenerative goiter were found. (18)F-FDG uptake in Hurthle cell adenoma, thyroid cancer, microfollicular adenoma, degenerative goiter, and macrofollicular adenoma was 4.4 +/- 2.2, 3.7 +/- 1.9, 1.6 +/- 0.3, 1.2 +/- 0.2, and 0.9 +/- 0.1, respectively. Significant differences were observed between thyroid carcinomas and both microfollicular adenomas and degenerative goiters (P < 0.05), and between Hurthle cell adenomas and both microfollicular adenomas as well as degenerative goiter (P < 0.05). For diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma, 100% sensitivity, 63% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value was found when a cutoff value for SUV of 2 was used. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that thyroid carcinomas, in contrast to most benign thyroid nodules, demonstrate significantly increased glucose metabolism. (18)F-FDG PET is unlikely to differentiate successfully all benign tumors from malignant tumors, but it can help select patients who need surgery, especially if cytology is inconclusive or malignancy cannot be excluded.     

A comparison between the Regnauld arthroplasty and osteotomies of the first ray for the treatment of hallux valgus

This article is a retrospective study comparing the efficacy of Regnauld arthroplasty to first ray osteotomies for the treatment of hallux valgus. One hundred consecutive cases of Regnauld arthroplasties were compared with 100 consecutive first ray osteotomies. One hundred fourty-one patients were available for follow-up, and based on clinical/radiographic examinations, 72 were treated with the osteotomy protocol (group A) and 69 with Regnauld arthroplasty (group B). Age at surgery, clinical symptoms, and preoperative radiologic findings were similar for the 2 groups; there was a preponderance of female patients (90%). The average follow-up was 49 months in group A and 51 months in group B. Clinical evaluation showed in the osteotomy group a more stable correction (79% v 49%), greater pain reduction (measured in a visual analog scale from 0 = pain free to 10 = deep intolerable pain), increased residual articular excursion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (27 degrees of active dorsiflexion from neutral position v 8 degrees ), and less presence of central metatarsalgia (15% v 34%) (P <.05). The radiographic evaluation expressed more stable correction values in group A for the following parameters: joint preservation, sesamoid position, intermetatarsal angle (7 degrees v 12 degrees ), abduction angle of the hallux (14 degrees v 20 degrees ), and proximal articular set angle (8 degrees v 18 degrees ) (P <.05).     

螺旋CT MPR重建在诊断茎突综合征中的应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT MPR重建技术在诊断茎突综合征(SPS)中的应用价值。方法:对临床疑似茎突综合征患者进行螺旋CT薄层扫描并通过MPR法及VRT或SSD法重建并测量其长度及角度,利用SPSS 11.5软件进行统计学分析。结果:茎突长度>30mm者54侧(56.2%),茎突向内偏斜角>25°者42侧(43.8%),向前偏斜角>25°者35侧(36.4%),茎突舌骨韧带骨化9侧。结论:茎突过长、角度异常及茎突舌骨韧带骨化是诊断SPS的重要依据,螺旋CT MPR重建可为诊断SPS首选的辅助检查。     

Prospective randomized study on bilateral above-knee femoropopliteal revascularization: Polytetrafluoroethylene graft versus reversed saphenous vein

OBJECTIVE: Some controversy exists as to whether polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is equivalent to reversed saphenous vein (SV) as bypass graft material for above-knee femoropopliteal revascularization. We compared the 5-year patency rate with reversed SV and PTFE grafts in patients with claudication who underwent bilateral above-knee femoropopliteal revascularization. METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1997, 51 patients (102 limbs) with bilateral disabling claudication due to superficial femoral artery occlusion underwent above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting, with SV in one limb and PTFE graft in the other limb. Patients were randomly selected for sequential surgical treatment with either SV-PTFE or PTFE-SV. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate patency rate, and various factors were analyzed to ascertain any association with revascularization failure. RESULTS: There was no perioperative (30 day) limb loss or death, but five late deaths (late survival rate, 90%). Mean follow-up was 59 months. In the SV group, three bypass grafts failed, requiring repeat operation in only one patient. In the PTFE group, eight bypass grafts failed, leading to five repeat operations. There was no statistically significant difference in primary "assisted" patency rate for the two grafts: 100%, 98%, and 94% for SV grafts, and 96%, 84%, and 84% for PTFE grafts (P =.09), after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall results of this randomized study show that SV and PTFE grafts have a statistically comparable patency rate when used above the knee in patients with claudication. Use of SV, however, leads to fewer occlusions and repeat operations.     

甲状腺功能亢进症术后复发的再手术治疗:附34例报告

目的 探讨甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)术后复发的原因，再手术治疗的适应证及手术方法。方法 回顾性分析34例甲亢术后复发再手术治疗的l临床资料。结果 再次手术术式包括双侧甲状腺次全切除29例，单侧腺叶切除5例。全部治愈。并发症发生率5．9％，与笔者收治的同期甲亢初次手术比较无统计学差异。全组经随访l～l0年，无甲亢再复发或甲状腺功能低下者。结论 腺体残留过多是甲亢术后复发的主要原因，有选择地再手术是甲亢术后复发较好的治疗方法。术中仔细解剖可避免损伤喉返神径和甲状旁腺，以及预防大出血的发生。     

腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术4例报告

目的 :探讨经腹及经后腹腔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石的效果。方法 :输尿管上段结石 3例 ,双侧输尿管下段结石 1例 ,病程 2个月～ 3年 ,结石直径 1 5～ 2 2cm ,均经ESWL无效 ;用X线体表标志定位 ,输尿管上段 3例 ,用水囊扩张腹膜后间隙 ,经后腹腔操作 ,找到输尿管 ,用尖刀或钩刀切开输尿管 ,取出结石 ,在切口直接插入双J管 ,缝合切口 2～ 3针 ;输尿管下段结石 1例 ,用超声刀切开后腹膜 ,找到输尿管 ,同样处理结石及输尿管。结果 :4例手术均成功 ,手术时间 90～ 190min ,平均 135min ,随诊 2～ 10月 ,无并发症。结论 :腹腔镜经腹及经后腹腔输尿管切开取石术创伤小、恢复快 ,值得推广。