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81.
Susan A Rose Aleksandra Djukic Jeffery J Jankowski Judith F Feldman Iris Fishman Maria Valicenti‐Mcdermott 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》2013,55(4):364-371
Aim
The aim of this study was to examine attention and recognition memory for faces and patterns in Rett syndrome, a severely disabling neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the X‐linked MECP2 gene.Method
Because Rett syndrome impairs speech and hand use, precluding most neuropsychological testing, the visual paired‐comparison paradigm (VPC) was used, together with eye tracking. In the VPC, two identical stimuli are presented for familiarization. On test, the familiar stimulus and a new one are paired, and recognition inferred from preferential looking to the novel target. Attention is measured by looking time, gaze dispersion, and number/length of fixations. Twenty‐seven female patients with Rett syndrome (mean age 10y 6mo; SD 6y 8mo, age range 2–22y) from the Rett clinic at a children's hospital were assessed in this study, along with 30 age‐ and sex‐matched typically developing participants (outpatients from the same hospital).Results
Although patients with Rett syndrome showed recognition of both faces and patterns, with novelty scores greater than chance (50%), their performance was significantly poorer than that of the typically developing comparison group. Their attention to both was less mature and marked by a more narrowly focused gaze, with fewer and longer fixations. When inspecting faces, attention to the eyes was similar in both groups; however, patients with Rett syndrome tended to ignore the nose and mouth.Interpretation
This is one of the first studies to characterize attention and memory in individuals with Rett syndrome. Visually based techniques, such as the VPC, open a new avenue for quantifying the cognitive phenotype associated with this syndrome. 相似文献82.
Albert Feliu-Soler Joaquim Soler Matilde Elices Juan Carlos Pascual Josefina Pérez Ana Martín-Blanco Alicia Santos Iris Crespo Víctor Pérez Maria J. Portella 《Psychiatry research》2013
This study aims at investigating attention and impulsivity differences between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder, as both diseases may share neuropsychological deficits. Differential cognitive outcomes on the Continuous Performance Test-II were observed between disorders, and also when compared to healthy controls. 相似文献
83.
Oliver D. Howes Paul Shotbolt Michael Bloomfield Kirstin Daalman Arsime Demjaha Kelly M. J. Diederen Kemal Ibrahim Euitae Kim Philip McGuire René S. Kahn Iris E. Sommer 《Schizophrenia bulletin》2013,39(4):807-814
Background: The psychosis phenotype appears to exist in the population as a continuum, but it is not clear if subclinical psychotic symptoms and psychotic disorders share the same neurobiology. We investigated whether the dopaminergic dysfunction seen in psychotic disorders is also present in healthy, well-functioning people with hallucinations.
Methods: We compared dopamine synthesis capacity (using 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA [[18F]-DOPA] positron emission tomography imaging) in 16 healthy individuals with frequent persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (hallucinating group) with that in 16 matched controls. Results: There was no significant difference in dopamine synthesis capacity in the striatum, or its functional subdivisions, between groups and no relationship between subclinical psychotic symptom severity or schizotypal traits and dopamine synthesis capacity in the hallucinating group. Conclusions: Altered dopamine synthesis capacity is unlikely to underlie subclinical hallucinations, suggesting that although there may be a phenomenological psychosis continuum, there are distinctions at the neurobiological level. 相似文献
84.
Morgane Linard MD PhD Alix Ravier MD Louisa Mougué MD Iris Grgurina MSc Anne-Laurence Boutillier PhD Alexandra Foubert-Samier MD PhD Frédéric Blanc MD PhD Catherine Helmer MD PhD 《Movement disorders》2022,37(3):464-477
α-synucleinopathies, encompassing Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are devastating neurodegenerative diseases for which available therapeutic options are scarce, mostly because of our limited understanding of their pathophysiology. Although these pathologies are attributed to an intracellular accumulation of the α-synuclein protein in the nervous system with subsequent neuronal loss, the trigger(s) of this accumulation is/are not clearly identified. Among the existing hypotheses, interest in the hypothesis advocating the involvement of infectious agents in the onset of these diseases is renewed. In this article, we aimed to review the ongoing relevant factors favoring and opposing this hypothesis, focusing on (1) the potential antimicrobial role of α-synuclein, (2) potential entry points of pathogens in regard to early symptoms of diverse α-synucleinopathies, (3) pre-existing literature reviews assessing potential associations between infectious agents and Parkinson's disease, (4) original studies assessing these associations for dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy (identified through a systematic literature review), and finally (5) potential susceptibility factors modulating the effects of infectious agents on the nervous system. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society 相似文献
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Iris Šalamon Arčan Katarina Kouter Alja Videtič Paska 《World Journal of Psychiatry》2022,12(9):1150-1168
Depressive disorder is a complex, heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 280 million people worldwide. Environmental, genetic, and neurobiological factors contribute to the depressive state. Since the nervous system is susceptible to shifts in activity of epigenetic modifiers, these allow for significant plasticity and response to rapid changes in the environment. Among the most studied epigenetic modifications in depressive disorder is DNA methylation, with findings centered on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene, the glucocorticoid receptor gene, and the serotonin transporter gene. In order to identify biomarkers that would be useful in clinical settings, for diagnosis and for treatment response, further research on antidepressants and alterations they cause in the epigenetic landscape throughout the genome is needed. Studies on cornerstone antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors and their effects on depressive disorder are available, but systematic conclusions on their effects are still hard to draw due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the studies. In addition, two novel drugs, ketamine and esketamine, are being investigated particularly in association with treatment of resistant depression, which is one of the hot topics of contemporary research and the field of precision psychiatry. 相似文献