The pathogenesis of graft-versus-host reaction in the intrahepatic bile duct. An immunohistochemical study

Although intrahepatic bile duct injury following bone marrow transplantation is considered to be one feature of graft-versus-host disease, its developmental mechanism has not been clarified. In order to elucidate this aspect, an immunohistochemical study of the liver following human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was made. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc) and natural killer cells (NK) were found in contact with intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells showing degeneration and necrotic changes. These findings suggested a cytotoxic effect of these cells on bile duct epithelial cells. Abnormal expression of HLA class II (DR) antigen was recognized in intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells following bone marrow transplantation. Cell injury was prominent in cells with weak DR antigen expression, whereas the cells demonstrating conspicuous expression appeared almost normal. There results suggest that abnormal expression of DR antigen plays an important role in the development of GVHD of the intrahepatic bile duct.     

Potential Role of Probiotics in Ameliorating Psoriasis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease that may be treated with probiotics. In this study, probiotic strains that could or could not decrease interleukin (IL)-17 levels were applied to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice via oral administration. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM667, B. breve CCFM1078, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1074, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1132 ameliorated psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and suppressed the release of IL-23/T helper cell 17 (Th17) axis-related inflammatory cytokines, whereas B. animalis CCFM1148, L. paracasei CCFM1147, and L. reuteri CCFM1040 neither alleviated the pathological characteristics nor reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. All effective strains increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids, which were negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the diversity of gut microbiota in psoriasis-like mice was found to decrease, but all effective strains made some specific changes to the composition of gut microbiota compared to the ineffective strains. Furthermore, except for B. breve CCFM1078, all other effective strains decreased the abundance of the family Rikenellaceae, which was positively correlated with psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and was negatively correlated with propionate levels. These findings demonstrated effects of strain-specificity, and how probiotics ameliorated psoriasis and provide new possibilities for the treatment of psoriasis.     

血液透析室丙型肝炎病毒暴发事件的分析与防控

丙型肝炎病毒感染后可引起多种疾病,血液透析室丙型肝炎病毒感染暴发事件在多个国家都有报道,主要原因在于感染预防与控制出现了漏洞。回顾丙型肝炎病毒感染暴发事件的文献并结合国内外影响较大的相关管理文件进行分析,有助于更科学地防控丙型肝炎病毒在血液透析室内的传播,将其感染暴发的风险降到最低。     

东营区≥45岁人群结直肠癌初筛结果分析及肠镜顺应性调查

目的 对东营区≥45岁常住居民进行结直肠癌筛查,并探讨初筛阳性者肠镜顺应性及其影响因素,为提高居民结直肠癌筛查工作提供科学依据。方法 采用方便抽样方法选择辖区内2个镇和3个街道的社区卫生服务中心作为结直肠癌筛查志愿者招募点招募≥45岁常住居民为研究对象开展结直肠癌筛查及问卷调查,对初筛阳性者进一步进行肠镜检查,采用描述性分析方法对居民结直肠筛查结果及肠镜顺应性进行分析,并对其影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果 本研究共纳入1 201人进行分析,男662人,女539人,45~59岁372人,60~69岁495人,70~79岁334人。初筛阳性人数总计371例,其中危险因素初筛阳性154例,FOBT阳性298例,危险因素和FOBT阳性双阳性者81例,初筛阳性率为30.89%。男性（OR=3.177）、黏液血便史（OR=7.683）以及肠道息肉病史（OR=5.008）为结直肠癌初筛阳性的危险因素。371例初筛阳性者中121例完成结肠镜检查,结肠镜检查顺应率为32.61%。性别（OR=2.776）、年龄（OR=0.511、0.433）、婚姻状况（OR=4.267）、文化程度（OR=2.782、3.916）、医疗保险（OR=2.743）是结直肠癌初筛阳性者结肠镜检查顺应性的影响因素。结论 东营市东营区结直肠癌初筛阳性率较高,应加强对存在黏液血便史以及肠道息肉病史男性个体人群的结直肠癌筛查。居民结直肠镜检查顺应性较低,尤其是60岁及以上、非在婚、文化程度较低、无医保的女性个体,可特异性强化对该群体个体的健康教育,提高其结直肠镜顺应性。     

性染色体型性发育异常的遗传学分析及临床意义

目的探讨不同类型性染色体型性发育异常(DSD)患者的遗传学改变及临床意义。方法选取西安交通大学第一附属医院356例性染色体型DSD患者进行G显带染色体分析,对其中18例45,X/46,XY嵌合体者进行Y染色体微缺失检测。结果356例染色体型DSD患者中,克氏综合征(KS)210例,Turner综合征(TS)124例,47,XYY综合征8例,47,XXX综合征8例,45,X/46,XY男性3例,Y染色体结构异常3例。18例45,X/46,XY患者中,3例存在微缺失,其中AZFc位点缺失2例,AZFa+b+c位点缺失1例。结论染色体型DSD以克氏综合征最常见,其次为Turner综合征。对45,X/46,XY男性患者进行Y染色体微缺失检测,有助于明确病因和选择更优的辅助生殖技术方案,实现优生优育。     

雷公藤多甙片加益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病

目的探讨IgM相关性肾小球疾病的治疗。方法53例患者分为雷公藤多甙片组(A组)和雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血(B组)治疗,疗程2个月。结果两组治疗前后尿蛋白均下降（P＜0．05）,组间比较则B组降低更明显(P＜0．05)。尿红细胞均有减少,A组P＞0．05,B组P＜0．05;组间比较P＜0．05。结论雷公藤多甙片＋中药益肾活血法治疗IgM相关性肾小球疾病较单用雷公藤多甙片疗效显著提高。认为辨病辨证相结合组方用药,能够提高疗效。     

兔角膜缘上皮细胞体外培养及其生物学特性的初步研究

目的：建立体外培养兔角膜缘上皮细胞的方法,观察其体外生长的生物学特性。方法：应用组织培养的方法,对兔角膜缘上皮细胞进行体外原代和传代培养,用倒置显微镜观察培养的兔角膜缘上皮细胞体外生长的特征,用苏木精-伊红染色、糖原（PAS）染色,细胞角蛋白免疫组化染色和电镜检查的方法对培养细胞进行形态学检查和鉴定。结果：兔角膜缘上皮细胞可以在体外成功的培养传代,原代培养细胞大多48h贴壁,5天后旺盛生长,15天形成单层,传代培养细胞次日贴壁10天形成单层。细胞角蛋白AE1单克隆抗体染色阳性,PAS染色阴性,培养细胞呈多角形,细胞表面具有丰富的微绒毛,细胞之间有桥粒连接,结论：应用组织培养的方法可以成功获得原代和传代培养的兔角膜缘上皮细胞,培养的细胞具有与正常兔角膜上皮细胞相一致的生物学特性。     

高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入的疗效

目的 :评价高度近视白内障超声乳化及人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法 :对眼轴 >2 6mm的 38例、5 2眼高度近视并发白内障患者 (Ⅰ级核 5眼 ,Ⅱ级核 2 1眼 ,Ⅲ级核 2 6眼 )行超声乳化及人工晶体植入术。患者平均 5 7 4岁 (5 2～ 73岁 ) ,平均眼轴长度 2 7 2± 1 5 6mm(2 6 1～ 2 9 2mm) ,平均人工晶体屈光度 (8 2 3±4 76 )D( 2～ 15 )D。结果 :术后 1周裸眼及矫正视力≥ 0 3者 38眼 (73 1% )。并发症主要包括后囊膜破裂 2眼 (3 85 % ) ,轻度角膜水肿 7眼 (13 5 % )。术后视力差的主要原因是高度近视视网膜病变。结论 :超声乳化及人工晶体植入术是高度近视并发白内障患者的理想术式 ,术者操作技巧是手术成功的关键     

中耳胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA和Bcl-2检测及临床意义

应用免疫组织化学方法检测25例胆脂瘤上皮和10例耳后皮肤的增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)和B-celllymphoma/leukemia-2gene(Bcl-2)的表达情况,结果发现胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA指数明显高于正常皮肤,且胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA指数与其破坏能力有相关性;而Bcl-2无表达.提示①PCNA可作为评价胆脂瘤破坏力的一指标;②胆脂瘤虽然表现出很强的增殖能力,但没有促其恶变的趋势.