脑内移植时星状胶质细胞的变化

本文用胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫组织化学方法研究了帕金森氏病模型鼠、老年性痴呆模型鼠及皮质损伤鼠等在脑移植２～３个月后移植区及其与宿主交界面的胶质细胞变化。结果发现不同动物模型的胚脑移植区及其与宿主交界面的胶质变化基本相同．Ｎｉｓｓｌ染色切片上可见移植区和宿主之间有直径小于８μｍ的小细胞集聚。胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫组织化学法发现移植区和宿主脑交界面有深染的阳性纤维及细胞或交界面形成一包膜状结构；还有的在交界面无明显的胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性纤维分隔，呈现两者相互融合的趋势．移植区内可见两种胶质细胞，一种与正常胶质细胞近似，另一种为胞体大、突起粗且深染的反应性胶质细胞；移植区内的血管周围也见有反应性胶质细胞包绕。本研究表明移植也可引起胶质反应，并且移植区内反应性胶质细胞可能对植入的神经元提供其生存所需要的营养物质。     

益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床研究

目的:研究益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床疗效。方法:将60例下肢深静脉血栓形成患者随机分为单药治疗组和联合治疗组,两组均予迈之灵口服治疗,联合治疗组加用益气通阳化痰方,10天为1个疗程,两个疗程后分析临床疗效,肢体阻抗血流图和血液流变学变化。结果:联合治疗组在疼痛缓解、下肢肿胀消退、血粘度及肢体血流的改善方面明显优于迈之灵单药治疗组;两组总有效率比较差异具有显著性。结论:益气通阳化痰方联合迈之灵治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成具有较好疗效。     

The Mandibular Cartilage Metabolism is Altered by Damaged Subchondral Bone from Traumatic Impact Loading

Osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a degenerative disease caused by excessive external loading. Recently, it was reported that the damage in the mineralized subchondral bone caused by traumatic impact-loading is responsible for the initiation and progression of cartilage degeneration. Thus far, we have hypothesized that cytokines released from damaged subchondral bone from impact-loading affect the cartilage catabolism under pathological conditions. An impactor of 200 gw was dropped onto the top of a porcine mandibular condyle. After organ culture for 2 days, we investigated the association between the subchondral bone and cartilage using histological and biochemical experiments. The impact-loading induced the expression of IL-1β immunohistochemically and prominently up-regulated IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels in subchondral bone. We confirmed a significant decrease in type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expressions in chondrocytes by co-culture with osteoblasts after impact-loading, and significant increase in mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β in subchondral osteoblasts from impact-loaded subchondral bone. The mRNA expressions of type II collagen, aggrecan, and type X collagen in chondrocytes were decreased significantly by the co-culture with osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β, -6, and TNF-α. Among them, osteoblasts pre-treated by IL-1β affected chondrocytes most strongly. It was also shown that IL-1β-treated osteoblasts enhanced the MMP-1 mRNA level most markedly in chondrocytes among the four cytokines. These results suggest that the TMJ subjected to impact-loading can increase directly IL-1β synthesis in the subchondral region, subsequently altering the metabolism of adjacent cartilage and may eventually resulting in the onset and progression of TMJ-OA.     

Symptomatic and asymptomatic infections of rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus among hospitalized children in Xi'an, China

Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), and adenovirus (AdV) have been reported as the common viral pathogens of acute gastroenteritis in children. To determine the prevalence of RV, NoV, and AdV infections among hospitalized children with and without symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, fecal specimens, and data on clinical symptoms were collected from 201 children with diarrhea and 53 children without diarrhea admitted to the Xi'an Children's Hospital in Xi'an, China between March 2009 and May 2010. RV, NoV, and AdV were identified in 68.7% (138/201), 20.4% (41/201), and 5.0% (10/201), respectively, of children with diarrhea. These three viruses were also detected in 13.2% (7/53), 35.9% (19/53), and 9.4% (6/53), respectively, of children without diarrhea. Diarrheal children infected with RV alone showed the average severity score of 6.5, statistically significant higher than the average score of 5.3 in children with unidentifiable viruses. GII.3 and GII.4 were the only two NoV genotypes identified, and the GII.4 sequences were genetically close to GII.4 2006b cluster. These findings highlight the importance of NoV as a causative agent of pediatric diarrhea after RV based on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of NoV infection, and particularly convey information of asymptomatic infections of enteric viruses in young children.     

单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

背景：对于无HLA全相合同胞供者的患者,采用单倍体相合造血干细胞移植面临移植物抗宿主病重、移植相关死亡率高的风险,但通过不同的移植模式,将有可能获取相近的疗效。 目的：观察亲缘HLA单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的疗效,并与亲缘HLA全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相比较。 方法：45例白血病患者分为2组。单倍体组移植方式为外周血或联合骨髓干细胞移植,预处理方案为改良白消安与环磷酰胺或加抗胸腺细胞球蛋白,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤+霉酚酸脂;全相合组移植方式为外周血干细胞移植,预处理方案为BuCY,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤。 结果与结论：两组均获得造血重建时间差异无显著性意义。单倍体及全相合组急性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为73%对52%(P > 0.05);慢性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为56%对45%(P > 0.05);移植相关死亡率分别为36%对17%(P > 0.05);单倍体组无复发,全相合组复发2例;两组的预计3年累积无病生存率分别为61%对60%(P > 0.05)。结果提示,亲缘单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植的总体疗效与亲缘全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相似,但中重度急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率较后者为高。     

Expression of Hsp90α and cyclin B1 were related to prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and keratin pearl formation

Hsp90α (heat shock protein 90α), one of the important molecular chaperones in cancer cell signal transduction, has been a new candidate target for cancer therapy. Cyclin B1, the client protein of Hsp90α, plays a key role as a mitotic cyclin in the G2-M phase transition during the cell cycle progression. However, the relationship between the level of HSP90α and cyclin B1, the location of Hsp90α and cyclin B1 in prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been examined. Here, we demonstrate that the diagnostic significance of Hsp90α and cyclin B1 by immunohistochemistry and the association of Hsp90α and cyclin B1 expression in ESCC. In the specimens from 105 ESCC patients (81 stained with Hsp90α antibody by Immunohistochemistry, 65 with cyclin B1 antibody, and among them, 41 paired specimens were stained with Hsp90α and cyclin B1 respectively, and then checked for the correlation of the level and location of Hsp90α and cylcin B1. The positivity rate of Hsp90α and cyclin B1 expression were 96.3% (78 of 81) and 84.6% (55 of 65) respectively. Both of them, the expression levels are associated with the clinical pathological stage (Hsp90α, p=0.027; cyclin B1, p=0.007). No association was found between Hsp90α or cyclin B1 and gender, age, tumor location. As to TMN stage, there is no association with the level of Hsp90α, However, cyclin B1 expression is significantly related to tumor status (p=0.002). Interestingly, Hsp90α expression was negatively correlated to cyclin B1 expression (Gamma=-0.692, p=0.007) in the keratin pearls though there is a positive correlation in the other areas of tumor (Gamma=0.503, p=0.015), which suggest Hsp90α might play diverse roles in the cyclin B1 expression and cyclin B1 related cell cycle regulation in the different area of tumor. These findings demonstrated that the expression of Hsp90α, cyclin B1 protein is associated with tumor malignancy and prognosis for patients with human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and Hsp90α might be involved in cyclin B1 expression regulation and cell cycle regulation in keratin peal formation of ESCC.     

Alternative therapy of Alzheimer's disease via supplementation with choline acetyltransferase

Much evidence indicates that the memory and cognitive deficits of patients with Alzheimer's disease are closely associated with dysfunction of central cholinergic system. The degree of reduction of choline acetyltransferase activity in cerebral cholinergic neurons is significantly correlated with the severity of dementia or cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, Alzheimer's disease may be slowed by supplementation of exogenous choline acetyltransferase. Here we show that choline acetyltransferase mediated by TAT protein transduction domain passes through the blood-brain barrier and enters the neurons in mice, increasing choline acetyltransferase and neurotransmitter acetylcholine contents. The recombination TAT-choline acetyltransferase fusion protein injected intravenously improves the memory and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease model mice induced by amyloid-beta peptide. Our results imply a novel and potentially effective way for Alzheimer's disease therapy.     

A soluble thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) antagonist, TSLPR-immunoglobulin, reduces the severity of allergic disease by regulating pulmonary dendritic cells

Recent studies show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays a critical role in the upstream phase of the allergic cascade to induce T helper type 2 cell (Th2)-dominant allergic diseases. However, the effect of blocking TSLP signalling with the soluble TSLP receptor (TSLPR), TSLPR-immunoglobulin (Ig), on asthma development needs further investigation. Here, we examined the effects of TSLPR-Ig on asthmatic airway inflammation and dendritic cell (DC) function. TSLPR-Ig (comprising the extracellular domain of murine TSLPR and an IgG2a Fc tail) purified from transfected COS-7 cells reduced the expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 on TSLP-activated DCs in vitro. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying TSLPR-Ig-mediated amelioration of allergic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. When TSLP signalling was blocked by intratracheal administration of TSLPR-Ig prior to sensitization, allergen-specific serum IgE levels, airway tissue inflammation, inflammatory cell infiltration and Th2 cytokine levels in the bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) were reduced significantly. This was because of the TSLP-Ig-mediated down-regulation of co-stimulatory molecule expression on pulmonary DCs. We also transferred bone marrow-derived mature DCs (mDCs) into the airways of asthmatic mice. Intratracheal administration of TSLPR-Ig prior to the transfer of mDCs reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation and Th2 differentiation significantly. Collectively, these data suggest that local use of TSLPR-Ig prevents airway inflammation, at least in part, by regulating DC function, and that blocking TSLP signalling using TSLPR-Ig may be a novel strategy for the treatment of asthma bronchiale.     

A Valuable Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Acute Hepatitis E

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a serious public health problem. The commonly used tests that are specific for current HEV infection diagnosis include the detection of anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. Here, we report an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HEV antigen detection with a linear range equivalent to 6.3 × 10³ to 9.2 × 10⁵ RNA copies per ml. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F12, a high-ability MAb that binds HEV virus, was selected as the capture antibody from a panel of 95 MAbs. The positive period of HEV antigenemia in infected monkeys using this test was, on average, 3 weeks longer than previously reported and covered the majority of the acute phase. The positive detection rates of IgM, RNA, and new antigen from the first serum samples collected from 16 confirmed acute hepatitis E patients were 81% (13/16), 81% (13/16), and 100% (16/16), respectively. In three patients, the initial serum specimens that tested negative for IgM, despite the presence of symptoms of acute hepatitis and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were positive for HEV antigen and HEV RNA. In contrast, the serum samples of the three RNA-negative patients were antigen positive (and IgM positive), possibly due to the degradation of HEV nucleic acids. Our results suggest that this new antigen detection method has acceptable concordance with RNA detection and could serve as an important tool for diagnosing acute hepatitis E.     

腹腔灌洗联合前列地尔治疗重症急性胰腺炎疗效观察

目的：了解腹腔灌洗联合前列地尔对重症急性胰腺炎的疗效。方法：回顾分析内科保守治疗组(A组18例)、腹腔灌洗组(B组12例)、腹腔灌洗前列地尔联合治疗组(C组15例)三组间腹痛缓解时间、消失时间，血淀粉酶恢复正常时间，C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度变化，急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生率，死亡率的差异。结果：C组血淀粉酶恢复正常时间短于A组和B组；C组CRP浓度、ALI的发生率均低于A组和B组。腹痛缓解时间、消失时间B组和C组均短于A组(P＜0．05，但B、C两组间比较差异无统计学意义。腹腔灌洗和前列地尔有降低死亡率的趋势，但3组间死亡率差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)。结论：腹腔灌洗联合前列地尔治疗重症急性胰腺炎优于单纯的保守治疗和腹腔灌洗。