四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形机制研究

目的 :报告 1例四配子异源嵌合体导致的真两性畸形并讨论其发病机制。　方法 :对 1例外生殖器模糊的患者外周血的淋巴细胞、经培养的皮肤成纤维细胞、两种不同性腺组织的成纤维细胞进行染色体核型分析 ,同时用X和Y染色体探针进行双色荧光原位杂交 (FISH) ;对患者红细胞血型、人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)和 77个短重复序列 (STR)微卫星标记进行检测 ;对患者性腺的 2种不同组织进行组织病理学检查 ;同时对患者的父母进行红细胞血型、HLA和STR检测。　结果 :患者外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞、呈白色和黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞染色体核型均为 4 6 ,XX/ 4 6 ,XY ;FISH检测所有细胞都显示了XX或XY的杂交信号。 4 6 ,XY的核型在外周血淋巴细胞、皮肤成纤维细胞和白色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势 ;4 6 ,XX的核型在黄色性腺组织的成纤维细胞中占优势。外周血淋巴细胞及 3种不同组织培养物的STR位点检测、ABO血型分析和HLA检测都显示有 2个不同的单倍体来自父亲 ,1个单倍体来自母亲。组织病理学检查患者同一性腺上有两种不同组织 ,呈白色的组织是睾丸 ,呈黄色的组织是卵巢。　结论 :性腺组织病理学检查、染色体核型分析、FISH是鉴定真两性畸形患者的有效方法 ,红细胞血型、HLA和STR可为鉴定四配子异源嵌合体提供?     

男性不育患者精浆尿酸的检测及临床意义初探

目的 :检测男性不育患者精浆尿酸的含量 ,并探讨其与不育的关系。　方法 :2 0 0 3年 2～ 8月就诊的男性不育患者 1 6 3例 ,分为 4组 :梗阻性无精子症组 ,1 5例 ;非梗阻性无精子症组 ,36例 ;少精子症组 ,4 3例 ;弱精子症组 ,6 9例。 2 0例正常生育男性为正常对照组。上述各组均作精液参数分析及精浆尿酸含量的测定。　结果 :正常对照组精浆尿酸含量为 (396 .9± 5 3.1 ) μmol/L ,显著高于梗阻性无精子症组 [(79.5± 1 8.1 ) μmol/L]、非梗阻性无精子症组[(2 4 5 .8± 76 .5 ) μmol/L]、少精子症组 [(2 6 2 .2± 79.2 ) μmol/L]和弱精子症组 [(2 5 1 .4± 75 .4 ) μmol/L](P均 <0 .0 1 )。其中 ,梗阻性无精子症组精浆尿酸含量又显著低于其他各不育症组 (P均 <0 .0 1 ) ,其余各不育症组间精浆尿酸含量差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :精浆中尿酸作为生殖系统中的一种重要抗氧化物 ,可能在男性生殖中具有一定意义。     

口服谷氨酰胺颗粒对烧创伤患者的疗效及安全性分析

目的观察口服谷氨酰胺(Gln)颗粒对烧(创)伤及大手术患者的疗效及可能发生的不良反应.方法采用随机双盲、安慰剂对照法,将受试患者分为Gln组和对照组,每组60例,两组患者采用等氮、等热量的营养支持.Gln组口服或管饲Gln 0.5 g·kg-1·d-1,对照组使用同等剂量的安慰剂甘氨酸,疗程均为7 d.比较用药前后两组患者肠黏膜屏障功能、蛋白代谢、免疫功能、肝和肾功能的变化及不良反应等. 结果伤后两组患者血浆Gln浓度明显低于正常值,而血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、内毒素含量、肠黏膜通透性[尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)]及尿氮排量均明显增高;但Gln组用药7 d后血浆Gln浓度与用药前比较增加38.04%(P＜0.01).Gln组血浆前白蛋白、转铁蛋白及白细胞介素2(IL-2)含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),升幅分别为21.19%、51.11%、57.54%.血浆DAO活性、L/M比值、内毒素含量及尿氮排量明显低于对照组,降幅分别为47.26%、52.18%、22.22%、27.78%(P＜0.05或0.01).两组患者的血浆总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿常规及肝、肾功能在用约前后变化不明显(P＞0.05).用药后有少数患者出现轻微不良反应如恶心、腹泻和便秘等,2～3 d后自行缓解,两组间比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论口服Gln能显著提高患者血浆Gln浓度,明显减轻伤后肠黏膜受损程度,并能促进机体蛋白合成,降低蛋白分解,提高机体免疫功能,且临床应用无明显不良反应.     

组织因子表达对原发性结直肠癌侵袭及转移能力的影响

目的探讨组织因子(TF)表达在原发性结直肠癌侵袭及转移中的作用,分析TF对人类大肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭能力的影响.方法应用免疫组织化学染色法研究85例原发性结直肠癌和6例结直肠良性腺瘤标本TF表达情况,分析TF表达与肿瘤侵袭转移及预后的关系;利用构建有正义/反义TFcDNA的质粒pcDNA3.1/Zeo,以脂质体法转染HT-29细胞; 转染成功的HT-29细胞采用Western印迹分析检测TF表达水平并进行基质胶体外侵袭实验观察细胞侵袭能力的变化.结果85例结直肠癌标本中40例(47.1%)TF表达阳性,正常黏膜和结直肠良性腺瘤均为TF阴性表达;TF阳性表达与结直肠癌的浸润深度密切相关(r=0.895, P<0.01);TF阳性表达与结直肠癌的同时性(r=0.974, P<0.01)和异时性(r=0.963 ,P<0.01)肝转移均密切相关;Logistic回归表明TF表达为结直肠癌肝转移的影响因素(P<0.01),多因素回归分析表明TF表达是影响原发性结直肠癌预后的因素之一(P<0.01);转染了正义TFcDNA的HT-29细胞的TF表达水平较未转染的HT-29细胞升高,转染了反义TFcDNA的HT-29细胞的TF表达水平则降低;转染了正义TFcDNA的HT-29细胞的侵袭能力较未转染的HT-29细胞增强,转染了反义TFcDNA的HT-29细胞的侵袭能力则减弱.结论TF可能参与原发性结直肠癌侵袭及转移的生物学过程,其阳性表达可能作为患者术后肝转移的预测指标应用于临床,TF表达是影响原发性结直肠癌预后的因素之一; TF表达的改变可以影响人类大肠癌HT-29细胞的体外侵袭能力.     

The Efficacy of Cytokine-Induced Killer Cell Infusion as an Adjuvant Therapy for Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Background

Even after surgery, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has poor prognosis; adjuvant therapy is needed to improve effectively the outcome of HCC patients. We evaluated the efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell infusion as an adjuvant therapy for postoperative HCC patients.

Methods

A total of 410 patients were studied retrospectively (January 2002 to January 2007): 206 received surgery alone; 204 received surgery and at least four cycles of CIK cell transfusion (CIK group). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to explore differences in OS between two groups.

Results

The CIK group overall survival rates were significantly higher than that of the surgery-alone group (log-rank test; p = 0.0007). Multivariate survival analysis showed that CIK cell treatment was an independent prognostic factor. In subgroup analysis, patients who received ≥8 cycles of CIK cell transfusion exhibited significantly better survival than the <8 cycle group (p = 0.0272). There was no significant difference in overall survival in patients with ≤5-cm tumors between the CIK and surgery-alone groups (p = 0.7567). However, in patients with >5-cm tumors, the CIK group displayed significantly better overall survival than the surgery-alone group (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions

Postoperative immunotherapy with CIK cell transfusion may be an effective adjuvant treatment for improving the outcomes of HCC patients; >8 cycles of CIK cell transfusion may ensure that patients derive maximal benefits. Moreover, patients with large tumors might benefit more from CIK cell adjuvant treatment than patients with small tumors.     

Performance Status Enhances the Selection of Treatment for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Within the Milan Criteria

Background

Performance status (PS) is closely linked with survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated its impact on treatment strategy for small HCC(s).

Methods

A total of 360 and 362 HCC patients within the Milan criteria undergoing surgical resection (SR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), respectively, were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified into PS 0 (n = 558) and PS ≥1 (n = 164) groups. Propensity score analysis was performed, and 168 and 35 matched pairs were selected from patients with PS 0 and ≥1, respectively.

Results

The SR group was younger and had a higher male-to-female ratio, higher prevalence of hepatitis B, lower prevalence of hepatitis C, better PS, better liver functional reserve, and larger tumor burden than the RFA group (all p < 0.05). Among patients with PS 0, the SR group was consistently younger, less cirrhotic, and had larger tumor burden (all p < 0.05). The long-term survival was comparable between SR and RFA group in patients with PS 0. After propensity score matching, SR provided significantly better long-term survival than RFA for patients within the Milan criteria classified as PS 0 (p = 0.016); the Cox proportional hazards model showed consistent results. There was no significant difference of overall survival between the SR and RFA group in patients with PS ≥1 before or after propensity score matching (both p > 0.05).

Conclusions

For HCC patients within the Milan criteria and classified as PS 0, SR provides a better long-term survival compared with RFA. Performance status may enhance treatment selection and stratify the risk of survival in these patients.     

关节镜下双束及单束单隧道重建膝前交叉韧带的疗效比较

【摘要】 目的 探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤后双束及单束单隧道重建的近期临床疗效差异。 方法 我科自2008年1月至2011年6月对38例ACL损伤患者进行关节镜下韧带重建,其中双束单隧道重建21例(A组),传统单束单隧道重建17例(B组)。所有患者术前及随访时均进行IKDC2000、Larson和Lysholm评分比较手术前后膝关节功能,并对结果进行统计学分析。 结果 38例患者(38个膝关节)获得随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均25个月。关节活动度均正常,A组手术前后的Lysholm评分,Larson评分及IKDC评分均有统计学差异,B组手术前后的3种评分同样有统计学差异;A、B两组比较,除了术后Larson评分双束组优于单束组(P<0.05)外,其余均无统计学意义。结论 关节镜下ACL胫骨端双束单隧道重建与传统单束重建,均能取得较为满意近期临床疗效,双束组可能优于单束组,但有待进一步证实。     

Association Between Serum C-Reactive Protein and Albumin Levels and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Liver Transplant Recipients

Background

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Many post-OLT patients have psychiatric comorbidities. The relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and biological factors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin levels, in OLT recipients has seldom been investigated.

Methods

We analyzed medical charts of all patients aged over 18 who underwent orthotopic OLT at a tertiary medical center between September 2008 and July 2010 for serum CRP and albumin levels before and 1 month after OLT. Data for baseline characteristics, such as gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), were also collected. Patients who had a psychiatric consultation or took psychotropic medications during the hospitalization were categorized as “with psychiatric comorbidities.”

Results

Psychiatric comorbidities existed in 51 (33.8%) of 151 OLT recipients. By analysis of covariance adjusted for age and BMI, post-OLT CRP levels in patients with psychiatric comorbidities were significantly higher than those without psychiatric comorbidities (P = .015). For patients with psychiatric comorbidities, the paired t test showed significantly increased CRP levels at 1 month after when compared to the pre-OLT baseline levels (P = .044). Patients without psychiatric comorbidities had significantly decreased CRP levels at 1 month after when compared with the pre-OLT baseline levels (P = .009).

Conclusions

Elevated CRP levels may indicate activation of a systemic inflammatory process caused by psychiatric comorbidities in OLT recipients.     

MK2 plays an important role for the increased vascular permeability that follows thermal injury

We previously reported Rho kinase is involved in vessel hyper-permeability caused by burns. Here we further explore the Rho kinase downstream signaling, it is found that its specific inhibitor Y27632 significantly diminishes the activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs but not ERK that induced by serum from burned rats (burn-serum). JNK activation was found involved in the expression of HUVEC adhesion molecules following thermal injury, although not in the process of stress fiber formation. Inhibition of various MAPKs by specific inhibitors showed that SB203580 (inhibitor of p38), but neither SP600125 (inhibitor of JNK) nor PD98059 (inhibitor of ERK), abolish activation of the p38 downstream kinase MK2. Demonstration of stress fibers by fluorescent-labeled phalloidin showed that inhibition of MK2, either by its specific inhibitor or by dominant negative adeno-viral-carried constructs, significantly reduced burn-serum-induced HUVEC stress-fiber formation, while inhibition of another downstream p38 MAPK kinase, PRAK, had no such effects. Transfection of dominant negative adeno-viral MK2 (Ad-MK2(A)) significantly inhibited thermal injury-induced blood vessel hyper-permeability in rats and, moreover, prolonged the survival of burned rats beyond 72 h following thermal injury. One of the mechanisms behind these phenomena is that Ad-MK2(A) causes a significant depression of burn-serum-induced HSP27-phosphorylation, while the adeno-viral transported dominant negative PRAK (Ad-PRAK(A)) does not block. Although the effect of blockade of MK2 through its adeno-viral approach requires further study and investigation of alternatives to know for sure, we may have found a new pathway behind thermal-injury-induced blood vessel hyper-permeability, namely: Rho kinase > p38 > MK2 > HSP27.     

A comparative biomechanical study of proximal femoral nail (InterTAN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation for intertrochanteric fractures

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical strength of the cephalomedullary nail InterTAN in cases of intertrochanteric fractures with the commonly used PFNA.

Methods

Sixteen fresh specimens of the proximal femur were used as intertrochanteric fracture models and were fixed using two fixation devices: the new proximal femoral nail (InterTAN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA). An intertrochanteric fracture was created in composite bone models. Each specimen was loaded to simulate single leg stance while stiffness, migration (cut out), compressive force across the fracture site, and distal fragment rotation were monitored. The different internal fixation methods were tested by an experimental press analysis.

Results

Results of tests for femoral strength, stiffness, stability, and bearing capacity demonstrated that the biomechanical function of InterTAN was better than that of PFNA (P < 0.05). Compared with the PFNA nail, InterTAN showed increased strength, stiffness, and resistance torque of 30 %, 15 %, and 27 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Comparison of the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with InterTAN and PFNA internal fixation showed that the InterTAN yielded improvement relative to the PFNA. InterTAN has a firmer and biomechanically superior performance and is therefore an ideal internal fixation method for treating intertrochanteric fractures. Additional research in osteopenic bone is necessary to comprehensively characterize the effects of the design enhancements of these two implants.