High expression levels of centromere protein A plus upregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway affect chemotherapy response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer

Centromere proteins (CENPs) are involved in mitosis, and CENP gene expression levels are associated with chemotherapy responses in patients with breast cancer. The present study aimed to examine the roles and underlying mechanisms of the effects of CENP genes on chemotherapy responses and breast cancer prognosis. Using data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, correlation and Cox multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the CENP genes associated with chemotherapy responses and survival in patients with breast cancer. Weighted gene co-expression network and correlation analyses were used to determine the gene modules co-expressed with the identified genes and the differential expression of gene modules associated with the pathological complete response (PCR) and residual disease (RD) subgroups. CENPA, CENPE, CENPF, CENPI, CENPJ and CENPN were associated with a high nuclear grade and low estrogen and progesterone receptor expression levels. In addition, CENPA, CENPB, CENPC and CENPO were independent factors affecting the distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) rates in patients with breast cancer. Patients with high expression levels of CENPA or CENPO exhibited poor prognoses, whereas those with high expression levels of CENPB or CENPC presented with favorable prognoses. For validation between databases, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis also revealed that CENPA, CENPB and CENPO exerted similar effects on overall survival. However, according to the multivariate analyses, only CENPA was an independent risk factor associated with DRFS in GEO database. In addition, in the RD subgroup, patients with higher CENPA expression levels had a worse prognosis compared with those with lower CENPA expression levels. Among patients with high expression levels of CENPA, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was more likely to be activated in the RD compared with the PCR subgroup. The same trend was observed in TCGA data. These results suggested that high CENPA expression levels plus upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may affect DRFS in patients with breast cancer.     

MYG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells via the AMPK/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway

Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 (MYG1) is an exonuclease that participates in RNA processing and is required for normal mitochondrial function. However, its role in tumorigenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of MYG1 and its underlying mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The expression levels of MYG1 in tumor tissues of patients with LUAD were obtained from public cancer databases and analyzed using the UALCAN online software. The association between MYG1 expression levels and the prognosis of patients with LUAD was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. In addition, the role of MYG1 in the LUAD A549 and H1993 cell lines was determined by knocking down MYG1 expression with a specific small interfering RNA or by overexpressing it with a MYG1-containing plasmid. The results demonstrated that MYG1 expression levels were upregulated in LUAD tissues compared with those in normal lung tissues from healthy subjects, and high MYG1 expression levels were associated with an unfavorable prognosis. MYG1 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and H1993 cells. In addition, MYG1 inhibited autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, the present results suggested that MYG1 may serve an oncogenic role in LUAD and may be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.     

Hoffa Disease氏综合征MRI表现(附16例报告)

ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征在临床上并不少见，近年来由于关节镜的应用，才对此病有了比较全面的认识。现报告１６例经关节镜手术证实并有完整的膝关节ＭＲＩ检查资料对照的ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征病例。其主要ＭＲＩ表现为髌下脂肪垫增大，并且伸入挤夹于膑股关节或股、胫骨髁间隙。因此认为在膝关节ＭＲＩ检查时发现上述阳性征象者，应提示为ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征。     

益气活血软坚解毒方对S180肉瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及机制研究

目的:探讨益气活血软坚解毒方对S180肉瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,并初步探索其作用机制。方法:采用S180肉瘤实体瘤移植小鼠模型,分阴性对照组、益气活血软坚解毒方低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组,观察益气活血软坚解毒方对S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用,并运用荧光定量RT-PCR法评价益气活血软坚解毒方对S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤组织Cyclin D1、NF-κB表达的作用。结果:益气活血软坚解毒方低、中、高剂量组和CTX组对移植性S180肉瘤的抑瘤率分别为30.08%、31.58%、23.31%、49.63%;与生理盐水组相比,益气活血软坚解毒方低、中、高剂量组和CTX组瘤重均有显著性差异(P0.01)。益气活血软坚解毒方能下调S180肉瘤小鼠肿瘤组织Cyclin D1、NF-κB的表达水平,且低剂量组或中剂量组与生理盐水组相比有显著差异,高剂量组与生理盐水组相比差异非常显著。结论:益气活血软坚解毒方对S180肉瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,其抑瘤作用可能与下调肿瘤组织Cyclin D1、NF-κB的表达水平有关。     

Ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis

Biological tissues frequently contain different water compartments, and these often have distinct transverse relaxation times. Quantification of these may be problematic on clinical scanners because spin echo sequences usually have initial echo times that are too long to accurately quantify shorter relaxation time components. In this study, an ultrashort echo time pulse sequence was used together with bicomponent analysis to quantify both the short and long T(2) components in tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Feasibility studies were performed using numerical simulation, and on phantoms and in vitro tissues including bovine cortical bone, ligaments, menisci, tendons, and articular cartilage. The simulation and phantom studies demonstrated that this technique can quantify T(2) * and fractions of the short and long T(2) components. The tissues studies showed two distinct components with short T(2) *s ranging from 0.3 ms for bovine cortical bone to 2.1 ms for menisci, and long T(2) *s ranging from 2.9 ms for bovine cortical bone to 35.0 ms for articular cartilage. The short T(2) * fraction ranged from 18.5% for patella cartilage to 80.9% for ligaments. The results show that ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis can quantify the short and long T(2) water components in vitro in musculoskeletal tissues.     

Multiple occipital defects caused by arachnoid granulations: Emphasis on T2 mapping

A 56-year-old man presented with a 6-mo history of headache. Although neurological and laboratory examinations were normal, computed tomography (CT) scan was performed which revealed multiple occipital osteolytic lesions, which were suspected to be multiple myeloma. Subsequently nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that these lesions presented with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-like signal intensity, no diffusional restriction and intrinsic mass-like enhancement on conventional sequences were seen. T2 relaxation time was similar to that of CSF in the ventricles and adjacent subarachnoid space on T2-mapping. Single photon emission CT with 99m Tc-Methyl diphosphonate was performed which revealed no increased radiotracing accumulation. Finally, these lesions were diagnosed as mutiple arachnoid granulations (AGs). The headache was treated symptomatically with medical therapy. On follow up examination after 6 mo no evidence of tumor was detected. This report aimed to illustrate the appearance and differentiation of occipital defects caused by multiple AGs on CT and MRI, with emphasis on the findings from T2 mapping.     

高血压冠心病并糖尿病康复医疗初探

３２例高血压冠心病并糖尿病患者分为康复医疗组２０例，对照组１２例。康复组采用饮食调理、心理指导、卫生宣教及运动治疗的康复程序方案进行治疗。对照仅用常规临床治疗。结果康复组患者在病情缓解、疾病稳定、身体活动能力、心脏功能及冠心病易患因素控制等方面都明显优于对照组。提示程序康复医疗对高血压冠心病并糖尿病患者的康复有着重要作用。     

脑卒中患者鞘内神经干细胞注射半年后功能状态评估

背景近年研究证实中枢神经组织有再生能力,但损伤后修复功能较差,很多实验结果不能令人满意.既往的脑移植或脑组织移植最大的生物学障碍是移植物难以在宿主体内生存或发育,移植效果的稳定性及其功能的恢复不肯定.目的探讨鞘内神经干细胞注射治疗脑卒中的方法,观察其疗效及副作用,以评价其安全性及可行性.设计以患者为研究对象,前后对照的验证性研究.单位一所市级医院神经内科和一所大学医院微生物与免疫学教研室.对象2002-11/2003-09安阳市人民医院神经内科住院脑卒中患者26例.其中3例为急性脑出血,其余23例病程3个月～30年,平均(4.2±6.6)年;男20例,女6例;年龄36～72岁,平均(56.3±12.7)岁;脑梗死15例,脑出血11例;合并高血压19例,冠心病2例,糖尿病4例,高脂血症4例.干预3例急性脑出血(出血量35～40 mL)患者行微创血肿穿刺术,通过引流管将细胞悬液注射到脑损伤处;其余病例均采用鞘内注射的方法将细胞悬液注入蛛网膜下腔,通过脑脊液循环至大脑表面.术后采用物理治疗、作业治疗及语言治疗进行康复.采用欧洲卒中量表评分标准(European stroke scale,SS)、生活功能评分标准(barthelindex,I)评价其疗效.ESS提高1分以上为有效,无提高或下降为无效.检查患者头颅CT,RI,心电图、胸部X射线片及血液生化学指标.主要观察指标疗效及副反应.结果23例行鞘内注射患者中,9例有效,例无效;移植后ESS评分54.1±21.2,较移植前51.4±21.1提高,差异有显著性意义(t=5.8,P=0.000 007 6);移植后BI 41.1±31.3,较移植前36.1±32.1提高,差异有显著性意义(t=7.11,=0.000 000 39).3例行微创血肿穿刺术急性脑出血患者均恢复良好,生活可基本自理.4例患者术后24 h内出现一过性发热,例患者术后感轻微头痛.结论研究表明神经干细胞移植后患者症状得到不同程度的缓解;且无明显毒副作用.证实神经干细胞移植用于改善脑卒中患者功能状态有效可行.