Therapeutic Effectiveness of Sustained Low‐Efficiency Hemodialysis Plus Hemoperfusion and Continuous Hemofiltration Plus Hemoperfusion for Acute Severe Organophosphate Poisoning

There is no report on the effects of sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) plus hemoperfusion (HP) (SLED + HP) in patients with acute severe organophosphate (OP) poisoning (ASOPP). This study was designed to compare the therapeutic effectiveness between SLED + HP and continuous hemofiltration (CHF) plus HP (CHF + HP) in patients with ASOPP. In order to assess the two treatment methods, 56 patients with ASOPP were divided into CHF + HP group and SLED + HP group. The biochemical indicators, in‐hospital duration, hemodynamic parameters, Acute Physiology, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and survival and mortality rates were compared. In both groups after treatment, the levels of serum creatine kinase isozyme MB, creatine kinase, creatinine, glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminease, and glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase, and the APACHE II scores on the first, second, and seventh day decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the levels of serum acetylcholinesterase increased. The two groups showed no statistical differences in in‐hospital duration, biochemical indicators, APACHE II score, hemodynamic parameters, survival rate, or the mortality rate (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SLED has similar hemodynamic stability to CHF and the two treatment methods have similar effects on ASOPP patients. More importantly, SLED plus HP is relatively economical and convenient for patients with ASOPP in clinical practice.     

The role of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in the management of post‐transplant malignancy

Post‐transplant malignancies, which occur either de novo or as cancer recurrences, are due to chronic exposure to immunosuppressive agents and are often more aggressive than those that develop in the non‐transplant setting. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have antitumor and immunosuppressive effects. The dual effects of this class of agents may provide adequate immunosuppression to prevent organ rejection while simultaneously reducing the risk of post‐transplant malignancy. mTOR inhibitors have become established approved agents for treating renal cell carcinoma and other cancers and, as reviewed herein, accumulating experience among organ transplant recipients collectively points toward a potential to prevent the development of de novo malignancies of various types in the post‐transplant period. To date, most research efforts surrounding mTOR inhibitors and cancer control in the transplant population have been in the area of skin cancer prevention, but there have also been interesting observations regarding regression of post‐transplant Kaposi's sarcoma and post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder that warrant further study.     

Transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder

Introduction and hypothesis

We present three cases of transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder, including patient follow-up. Mesh exposure occurred secondary to placement of transvaginal mesh for management of pelvic organ prolapse.

Methods

A pure transvaginal technique was performed to remove mesh exposure involving the bladder. Patient follow-ups were carefully recorded.

Results

All operative steps were completed transvaginally. The duration of follow-up for the three cases was 6, 11, and 19 months. One patient experienced recurrence of mesh exposure during follow-up. The other two patients were symptom-free after surgery. There were no major postoperative complications and no recurrence of cystocele.

Conclusions

Transvaginal removal of mesh exposure involving the bladder is feasible. The pure transvaginal approach is applicable to various conditions with good outcomes, yet it cannot guarantee that exposure of residual fibers within the bladder will not recur.     

A Body Shape Index Has a Good Correlation with Postoperative Complications in Gastric Cancer Surgery

Background

The relationship between obesity and surgical complications has been controversial. A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a newly developed anthropometric index based on waist circumference adjusted for height and weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ABSI and surgical complications.

Methods

From November 2001 to September 2012, 4,813 patients underwent curative resection for gastric cancer. ABSI was defined as waist circumference divided by (BMI^2/3height^1/2). Data of clinicopathologic characteristics and morbidity were collected by retrospective review. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analyses to determine whether ABSI was independently associated with postoperative complications.

Results

The incidence of overall surgical complications was 13.4 %, and the most common complication was ileus (2.8 %). In the multivariable analysis, ABSI was an independent factor for overall complications [odds ratio (OR), 1.22; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.48; P = 0.041). However, BMI showed no statistical significance (OR, 1.03; 95 % CI 1.00–1.06; P = 0.063). In the subgroup analyses, ABSI was significantly associated with overall complications regarding open gastrectomy (OR, 1.26; 95 % CI 1.01–1.57; P = 0.039). Regarding laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy, ABSI had no significant effect on overall complications (P = 0.844).

Conclusions

ABSI shows good correlation with surgical complications in patients with gastric cancer. Further studies are needed for the various clinical roles of ABSI, and the results could be helpful to determine the effect of abdominal obesity on gastric cancer surgery and the clinical usefulness of ABSI.     

Proposal of the Surgical Options for Primary Tumor Control During Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery Based on the Discrepancy Between Preoperative and Postoperative Early Gastric Cancer Diagnoses

Background

There is no consensus on the optimal method of primary tumor control, determined by preoperative clinical factors, during sentinel node (SN) navigation surgery for early gastric cancer (EGC). In this study, we investigated the accuracy of clinical diagnosis based on preoperative examination in patients with EGC and proposed surgical options for primary tumor control during SN navigation surgery.

Methods

We analyzed 815 patients with clinical stage IA gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at the National Cancer Center in Korea between March 2001 and February 2011. The clinical stage was determined by endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and abdominal computed tomography.

Results

The preoperative assessment of tumor depth and tumor size was accurate in 57.5 and 70.8 % of patients, respectively. Tumor depth and size were underestimated in 8 and 25.3 % of patients. The overall accuracy of histologic diagnosis by endoscopic biopsy was 87.2 %. Of those tumors diagnosed preoperatively as differentiated, 20.5 % revealed mixed histology of undifferentiated type.

Conclusions

The recommendation for SN biopsy may be limited to tumors sized 3 cm or smaller to avoid positive lateral margins and to minimize the risk of skip metastases. Endoscopic resection may safely be applied to small mucosal cancers, but other surgical options should be employed for undifferentiated large mucosal lesions, given their tendency for diffuse invasion. Full-thickness resection is preferable for submucosal cancers, to secure clear vertical margins.     

前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现与关节镜治疗

目的：探讨膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的临床表现和关节镜手术疗效.方法：回顾性分析自2005年1月至2010年12月收治的12例症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的资料.男8例,女4例;年龄19～53岁,平均（33.7±9.5）岁;左膝5例,右膝7例;病程3～48个月,平均（15.8±13.2）个月.术中关节镜下完整切除前交叉韧带囊肿.记录术前术后膝关节的活动度,膝关节功能采用Lysholm评分标准进行评定.结果：术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症发生.12例均获随访,时间24～48个月,平均（32.3±6.6）个月.患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、交锁症状均消失,随访期间无复发.术后关节活动度及Lysholm评分均较术前明显改善.结论：关节镜诊治症状性前交叉韧带囊肿具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,是治疗症状性膝关节前交叉韧带囊肿的有效治疗手段.     

Prognostic Impact of Microscopic Tumor Involved Resection Margin in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients after Gastric Resection

Background

The prognosis of patients with positive surgical resection margins is dismal in gastric cancer. However, the influence of positive margin itself on prognosis is still uncertain, especially in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prognostic impact of microscopic tumor involved resection margins in stage III–IV AGC after gastric resection in comparison with other well-known factors.

Methods

Among 1,536 consecutive gastric cancer patients who received intentional curative resection for stage III–IV AGC between April 2001 and December 2011 at the National Cancer Center, 35 patients (2.28 %) had positive resection margins on their final histology. A comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence pattern, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) was made between positive margin (PM) patients and negative margin (NM) patients.

Results

Among the 35 PM patients, 15 (42.9 %) had proximal involved margins, 21 (60.0 %) had distal involved margins, and one (2.9 %) had both involved margins. Twenty-eight PM patients (80.0 %) were stage III, and 7 (20.0 %) were stage IV. Recurrence was significantly higher in PM than NM (63.6 % vs. 39.7 %, respectively; p = 0.005). The OS and DFS rates were significantly lower in the PM group than in the NM group (14.9 vs. 36.3 months, p < 0.001 and 11.6 vs. 27.1 months, p = 0.005, respectively). The presence of PM was an independent risk factor for both OS and DFS.

Conclusions

The presence of PM is an independent risk factor for OS and DFS. Considering the prognostic impact of PM, a sufficient resection margin should be ensured when determining the resection line in gastrectomy with curative intent. The reoperation to secure clear resection margins should be considered as a treatment of choice in the case of PM.     

可调式锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折畸形愈合

 目的 探讨可调式锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端骨折畸形愈合的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析 2010 年 5 月至2012年 3月,采用可调式锁定接骨板治疗 11例骨折畸形愈合患者资料,男 3例,女 8例;年龄 35～76岁,平均（62.5±12.3）岁;左侧 4 例,右侧 7 例。其中 2 例为夹板固定治疗后致畸形愈合,2 例为石膏固定治疗后致畸形愈合,1 例为外固定治疗后致畸形愈合,6 例为切开复位钢板内固定治疗后致畸形愈合;初次手术至再手术时间为 5～20 个月,平均（13.9±5.6）个月。根据影像学（包括尺骨变异、掌倾角、尺偏角）表现及握力、腕关节关节活动度、疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）、上肢功能（disability of arm shoulder and hand, DASH）调查表评价术后疗效。结果 11 例患者均获得完整随访,随访时间 10～15 个月,平均 12 个月;影像学骨折愈合时间为 7～12 周,平均 8 周。术后 12 个月腕关节屈曲活动度为 50.2°± 11.3°（范围,35°～70°）,背伸为 55.1°±11.5°（范围,30°～80°）,尺偏为 30.1°±9.2°（范围,10°～40°）,桡偏为 22.1°±6.6°（范围,10°～30°）,旋前为 79.9°±8.5°（范围,60°～90°）,旋后为 82.6°±11.2°（范围,50°～90°）;术后 12个月 DASH评分为平均（18.5±8.3）分（范围,10～35 分）,较术前平均（52.7±11.3）分有明显改善;术后 VAS 评分为平均（1.7±1.2）分（范围,0～4 分）,较术前平均（5.9±1.4）分明显改善。2 例患者术后腕关节功能轻度受限,其中 1 例患者在重体力工作时有中度疼痛,但在内固定取出后症状改善;另 1 例患者经消炎镇痛药物治疗后症状改善。无一例发生继发移位、内置物松动及软组织感染。 结论 可调式锁定接骨板作为一种全新的钢板可以用于治疗桡骨远端骨折畸形愈合,术后患者腕关节解剖结构得以重建,关节功能获得改善。     

槐耳颗粒与索拉菲尼对于小肝癌切除术后的有效性及安全性分析

目的比较小肝癌切除术后服用槐耳颗粒或索拉菲尼的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性搜集我中心小肝癌患者行根治性手术切除后服用槐耳颗粒或索拉菲尼的82例患者,根据术后服用药物的不同分为槐耳颗粒组（51例）及索拉菲尼组（31例）,分析2组患者的术前人口学资料、术前肿瘤学特征及术后资料,比较2组患者的生存率、肿瘤复发率、服药后不良事件等。结果 1 2组患者的人口学资料、肝功能、肿瘤特点比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2槐耳颗粒组和索拉菲尼组的总生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.737）,无瘤生存率2组间比较差异也无统计学意义（P=0.699）。3肿瘤复发或转移在槐耳颗粒组有19例（37.3%）,而在索拉菲尼组有10例（32.3%）,2组的复发或转移发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.648）。4槐耳颗粒组共有6例次（5例）出现不良反应,其中恶心伴或不伴呕吐3例,疲劳2例,腹泻1例。索拉菲尼组共发生13例次（11例）不良反应,其中恶心伴或不伴呕吐2例,疲劳2例,腹泻4例,手足综合征2例,脱发1例,皮疹1例,高血压1例。索拉菲尼组不良反应发生率明显高于槐耳颗粒组（35.5%比9.8%,P=0.026）。结论对于已经行根治性切除的小肝癌来讲,槐耳颗粒以其良好的治疗效果及可靠的安全性,可以考虑作为一种有效的术后辅助治疗方法。