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排序方式: 共有5952条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Matthias Frank Holger Schönekeß Jörg Herbst Hans-Georg Staats Axel Ekkernkamp Thanh Tien Nguyen Britta Bockholdt 《International journal of legal medicine》2014,128(2):303-308
Medical literature abounds with reports on injuries and fatalities caused by airgun projectiles. While round balls or diabolo pellets have been the standard projectiles for airguns for decades, today, there are a large number of different airgun projectiles available. A very uncommon — and until now unique — discarding sabot airgun projectile (Sussex Sabo Bullet) was introduced into the market in the 1980s. The projectile, available in 0.177 (4.5 mm) and 0.22 (5.5 mm) caliber, consists of a plastic sabot cup surrounding a subcaliber copper-coated lead projectile in typical bullet shape. Following the typical principle of a discarding sabot projectile, the lightweight sabot is supposed to quickly loose velocity and to fall to the ground downrange while the bullet continues on target. These sabot-loaded projectiles are of special forensic interest due to their non-traceability and ballistic parameters. Therefore, it is the aim of this work to investigate the ballistic performance of these sabot airgun projectiles by high-speed video analyses and by measurement of the kinetic parameters of the projectile parts by a transient recording system as well as observing their physical features after being fired. While the sabot principle worked properly in high-energy airguns (E?>?17 J), separation of the core projectile from the sabot cup was also observed when discharged in low-energy airguns (E?<?7.5 J). While the velocity of the discarded Sussex Sabo core projectile was very close to the velocity of a diabolo-type reference projectile (RWS Meisterkugel), energy density was up to 60 % higher. To conclude, this work is the first study to demonstrate the regular function of this uncommon type of airgun projectile. 相似文献
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Bettina Prüm Holger Florian Bohn Robin Seidel Stephan Rubach Thomas Speck 《Acta biomaterialia》2013,9(5):6360-6368
Plant surfaces covered either with epicuticular wax crystals or cuticular folds have been shown to strongly reduce the ability of insects to attach to them. However, the relative impact of surface structuring vs. surface chemistry on insect attachment remains unclear. To understand the mechanisms reducing adhesion of insects on plant surfaces in more detail, we performed traction experiments (i) on plant surfaces covered with cuticular folds of different dimensions, and on their (ii) untreated and (iii) hydrophobized replicas. As a reference, measurements were performed on replicas of smooth plant surfaces and of glass. Traction forces were measured with a highly sensitive force transducer, using tethered male Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) as a model insect species. Contact angle measurements with water and diiodomethane were also performed to examine the physicochemical properties of the test surfaces. We found that surface structuring has a strong influence on the magnitude of the attachment force. In contrast, under the chosen experimental conditions, surface chemistry had no significant influence. Our results indicate that attachment of the beetles is reduced solely by the dimensions of the folds, with cuticular folds of about 0.5 μm in both height and width being the most effective. Contrary to the attachment of beetles, the wettability of the surfaces was considerably influenced by both surface structuring and chemistry. These results contribute to a better understanding of plant–insect interactions and the function of microstructured surfaces, and may facilitate the development of biomimetic anti-adhesive surfaces. 相似文献
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Dirk Schemmann Jennifer Rudolph Holger Haas Jochen Müller-Stromberg 《Arthroskopie》2016,29(4):259-262
Adjustable loop button fixations are commonly applied in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. In the following case of a young female soccer player, the combination of soft tissue interposition and tunnel malplacement led to an accidental tenodesis of the quadriceps tendon. This resulted in a massive restriction of the joint function which was resolved by arthroscopic removal of the transplant and fixation. The patient gained full range of motion 8 weeks postoperatively. 相似文献
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Background The rate of preterm births in Germany is 8.6%, which is very high compared to other European countries. As preterm birth contributes significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality rates, the existing prevention strategies need to be optimized and expanded further. About ⅔ of all women with preterm birth have preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. They are bracketed together under the term “spontaneous preterm birth” as opposed to iatrogenic preterm birth, for example as a consequence of preeclampsia or fetal growth retardation. Recent studies suggest that low-dose aspirin does not just reduce the rate of iatrogenic preterm births but can also further reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm births. This review article presents the current state of knowledge. Method A selective literature search up until April 2020 was done in PubMed, using the terms “randomized trial”, “randomized study”, “spontaneous preterm birth”, and “aspirin”. Results Secondary analyses of prospective randomized studies on the prevention of preeclampsia with low-dose aspirin show that this intervention also significantly reduced the rate of spontaneous preterm births in both high-risk and low-risk patient populations. The results of the ASPIRIN trial, a prospective, randomized, double-blinded multicenter study carried out in six developing countries, also point in this direction, with the figures showing that the daily administration of 81 mg aspirin starting before 14 weeks of gestation lowered the preterm birth rate of nulliparous women without prior medical conditions by around 11% (11.6 vs. 13.1%; RR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81 – 0.98, p = 0.012). Conclusion Further studies on this issue are urgently needed. If these confirm the currently available results, then it would be worth discussing whether general aspirin prophylaxis for all pregnant women starting at the latest in 12 weeks of gestation is indicated. Key words: spontaneous preterm birth, iatrogenic preterm birth, prevention, preeclampsia, aspirin 相似文献
90.
Ulrich Popper Clemens Dormann Holger Rumpold MD 《memo - Magazine of European Medical Oncology》2014,7(2):102-106
Follow-up after curative treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers aims to detect recurrent disease and to provide curative treatment to prolong overall survival if possible. This, however, has only been shown for colorectal cancers. Regular visits including testing of carcinoembryonic antigen and appropriate staging has been shown to enable curative treatment even in relapse. For other gastrointestinal cancers, positive effects of regular follow-up visits on survival have not been shown so far. This is mostly also due to lacking curative treatment strategies in case of relapse. In these cases, follow-up is recommended for providing palliative treatment, detecting recurrence for quality issues, treating complications or symptoms due to relapse, and providing psychological support. This review will give a brief overview about the current follow-up issues in colorectal, esophagogastric, and pancreatic cancers, as these are clinically the most relevant. 相似文献