Patient expectations of radiology in noninteractive encounters

Open-ended interviews with 107 patients documented specific patient expectations of radiologic procedures during which there was no direct radiologist-patient interaction. Patient expectations could be classified into those related to the facility and those related to interactions with radiology staff. Among facility-related expectations, waiting time far outweighed all other concerns. Interpersonal skills were the predominant expectation of radiology staff. The role of the radiologist in fulfilling patient expectations was less clear. Only 10% of unprompted patients cited the radiologist as a factor in their expectations. When patients were specifically prompted to discuss the radiologist's role, communication skills, accuracy of interpretation, and interpersonal skills were the predominant concerns.     

Reliability of rotary prism fusional vergence ranges.

BACKGROUND: The measurement of fusional vergence ranges is an important clinical test in the assessment of binocular vision status. Fusional vergence ranges are typically measured by recording a patient's reports of blur, break, and recovery to base-in (BI) and base-out (BO) prism. Published reliability data on fusional vergence ranges are very limited. METHODS: Eight subjects underwent four testing sessions, at which repeated measurements of fusional vergence ranges were taken. Near ranges were tested at the first session only Distance ranges were tested at all four sessions. Intra-examiner standard deviations were calculated for each fusional vergence test result (BI and BO; blur, break, and recovery) for each session. Intra-examiner standard deviations were averaged. These values were used to determine 95% limits of agreement. RESULTS: The 95% limits of agreement were between 2 delta and 2.5 delta for the distance BI break and recovery and for the near BI recovery; between 3 and 4 delta for near BI break and near BO break; between 4 and 5 delta for distance BO blur and recovery and for near BI blur; and between 5 and 5.5 delta for distance BO break and near BO blur and recovery.     

唐松草新碱水溶液的氧化降解动力学研究

本文研究了唐松草新碱在水溶液中的氧化降解动力学。考查了pH值、离子强度、温度和氧含量的影响,水溶液中的氧化降解速率常数由荧光法测定。结果表明,唐松草新碱在过量氧存在下,其氧化降解反应服从假一级反应动力学方程式,速率常数可由下式表示:其速率常数主要受介质的pH值和氧含量的影响,在pH 7.2条件下没有观测到原盐效应。     

苦楝化学成份的研究

从苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)果中分得苦楝新醇(Ⅰ),苦楝醇(Ⅱ)、苦楝酮(Ⅲ)、苦楝二醇(Ⅳ)、香草醛(Ⅴ)和香草酸(Ⅵ)。根据波谱(IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR)分析和理化常数测定,确定了它们的结构。其中苦楝新醇(Ⅰ)为新化合物,对菜青小虫有一定的拒食活性。     

Identification of correlates of physical activity among Latino adults

127 Latino adults responded to a survey concerning physical activity. Respondents over-represented well educated and middle class Latinos. Subjects reported a mean of 48 minutes/week of walking for exercise. This sample reported less than two episodes per week of vigorous physical activity, again below the recommended 3/wk needed to insure cardiovascular fitness. We expect more representative samples to engage in less physical activity. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted using 24 variables based on Social Learning Theory. A multiple R of 0.66 accounted for over 27% of the variance in walking for exercise (p<0.001). Older adults, those with a history of childhood injury, and those who reported friend support were more likely to walk for exercise. Respondents who participated in physical activity during childhood and adolescence (including formal physical education in school) and, paradoxically, those who had models for exercise in childhood were less likely to walk for exercise. A multiple R of 0.75 accounted for 43% of the variance in vigorous physical activity and reached significance (p<0.001). Self-efficacy, friends' support, childhood physical activity, and eating a heart healthy diet were positively related to vigorous activity. These results suggest that different correlates influence walking versus vigorous activity, and that correlates of physical activity are different for Latinos compared to Anglos. The findings emphasize the need for larger scale investigations of the determinants of activity within the Latino population.M. Hovell, E. Barrington, M. Hackley, J. Elder, F. Castro, Kristin Kilbourne; Division of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, J. Sallis; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, R. Hofstetter; Department of Political Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182.This research was supported by grants to Drs. Hovell and Sallis: ASPH/CDC Cooperative Agreement Contract; NHLBI (40575).     

腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱的固定

目的:腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带曾出现过多种固定器材,分析近年来关于腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文献资料,了解肌腱固定方式的发展趋势。资料来源:通过计算机检索Medline1995-01/2006-09有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱固定方式的文献,检索词为“anteriorcruciate ligament,reconstruction,hamstring”,限定文章语言种类为English;另外检索中文期刊全文数据库2000-01/2006-03有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带移植肌腱固定方式的文献,检索词为“前交叉韧带,重建术,腘绳肌腱”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:选取有关腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文章,纳入标准:①随机或自身前后对照的临床研究。②观点明确。③有关于固定方式的评论。排除标准:①综述。②重复性研究。资料提炼:共检索到60篇关于腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的文章,选择其中符合标准的33篇进行综合分析。资料综合:固定方式经历了一个由皮质骨外固定到骨隧道内固定的演变过程,Transfix是目前较为理想的固定方式,肌腱结嵌压固定是最新出现的一种固定方式,其临床效果尚需进一步验证。在固定位置的选择上,多数学者认为应该遵循等距重建。通过对固定方式的比较发现,隧道内固定能减轻术后骨隧道的扩大程度。结论:腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的固定方法越来越趋于隧道内固定,并朝着利于腱骨愈合、减轻骨隧道扩大的方向发展。在固定位置的选择上,学者们尚无统一的意见,其趋势可能是向解剖固定发展。     

上海市0～6岁小儿佝偻病的现状调查

目的:了解上海市小儿佝偻病的现状及影响因素。方法:2005年春季以整群和分层随机抽样法抽取上海市部分城区0～6岁小儿821名,采取问卷调查方法了解小儿的生活环境、饮食习惯、户外活动、营养状况、既往疾病史及母亲的妊娠情况等。佝偻病的诊断以1996年国家卫生部颁布的"婴幼儿佝偻病防治方案"为诊断标准。结果:取得完整有效资料769名,其中男童396名,女童373名;集居儿童456名,散居儿童313名。①小儿佝偻病患病率为17.3%(133/769),其中男童患病率为17.4%、女童为17.2%。②佝偻病与喂养方式(母乳喂养的患病率为13.0%、混合喂养的患病率为17.5%、人工喂养的患病率为25.2%)、鱼肝油添加(按时添加维生素D的患病率为13.5%、偶加或未加维生素D的患病率为32.5%)、居住环境(居住在市区的患病率为23.6%、居住在郊区的患病率为10.6%;集居儿童患病率为13.8%、散居儿童患病率为22.4%)、户外活动时间(经常户外活动的患病率为12.9%、偶尔户外活动的患病率为31.8%)、反复呼吸道感染(小儿有反复呼吸道感染的患病率为26.9%、无反复呼吸道感染的患病率为12.9%)、母孕期缺钙(母孕期有缺钙的患病率为33.2%、无缺钙的患病率为12.0%)等因素有关(P<0.01)。结论:上海市小儿佝偻病患病率有上升趋势。影响因素与城市环境污染、母乳喂养减少、年轻父母科学育儿知识缺乏等有关。     

Prehospital emergency endotracheal intubation using the Bonfils intubation fiberscope.

Among all prehospital emergency intubations, difficulties occur in 7-10%. Furthermore, intubation conditions often worsen when the cervical spine is immobilized in trauma patients. We report on six patients in whom the Bonfils intubation fiberscope, a reusable, rigid fiberoptic device, was used for emergency endotracheal intubation in the field. Three of these patients had an anticipated or unanticipated difficult airway: two trauma patients with immobilized cervical spine and one patient in cardiac arrest in whom direct laryngoscopy failed twice. Endotracheal intubation with the Bonfils intubation fiberscope was successful in all cases in the first attempt. The Bonfils intubation fiberscope therefore demonstrated its value as an additional airway management device in both emergency and prehospital settings.     

Soluble CD23 (Fc epsilon RII) and interleukin 1 synergistically induce early human thymocyte maturation

The ability of human thymus-derived CD7+CD2-CD3- cells to acquire mature T cell antigens was assessed. Purified CD7+ thymocytes were incubated with rIL-1, rIL-2, and/or recombinant soluble CD23 (rsCD23). Short-term incubation of these cells with only rsCD23 + rIL-1 induced mature T cell antigen expression on at least half of the cells. The induction of CD2 was functionally significant, as these cells became able to respond to CD2 triggering and could proliferate in response to IL-2. Possible sources of CD23 in the thymus are under investigation.