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21.
The relative importance of thrombin inhibition and factor Xa inhibition to the antithrombotic effects of heparin 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
The relative importance of antithrombin and anti-factor Xa activities of heparin fractions required to achieve optimal antithrombotic effects is unknown. To study this, we measured the effects of standard heparin, an octasaccharide heparin fraction (anti-factor Xa activity only), and dermatan sulfate (antithrombin activity only) on the prevention of thrombosis and related this to their anticoagulant effects in vivo in rabbits. Thrombosis was measured as the incorporation of 125I- fibrinogen into tissue thromboplastin-induced thrombi using a Wessler- type model. Ex vivo changes in thrombin clotting time (TCT) were used as an index of antithrombin activity, and a chromogenic anti-factor Xa assay was used to measure anti-factor Xa activity. In addition, the ability of the three sulfated polysaccharides to simultaneously inhibit the generation of thrombin activity and to enhance the inactivation of the factor Xa added to initiate thrombin generation in plasma was determined. Standard heparin, in a dose of 10 anti-factor Xa U/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 90%, prolonged the TCT by two seconds, and resulted in an anti-factor Xa level of 0.32 U/mL. The octasaccharide heparin fraction, in a dose of 10 anti-factor Xa U/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 41%, had no effect on the TCT, and resulted in an anti-factor Xa level of 0.28 U/mL. Higher doses of the octasaccharide resulted in a further increase in the anti-factor Xa levels but had no further effect on thrombus formation. Dermatan sulfate, in a dose of 500 micrograms/kg, inhibited thrombus formation by 95%, but had no affect on the TCT. These results indicate that the antithrombotic effect achieved by inhibiting factor Xa is limited and that better antithrombotic effects are achieved by heparin or heparin- like substances capable of influencing the inactivation and/or the generation of thrombin. 相似文献
22.
Abdoulhossein Davoodabadi Mahdi Mohammadzadeh Mahdieh Amirbeigi Hoda Jazayeri 《中华创伤杂志(英文版)》2015,18(4):235-237
Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is relatively safe but still with some serious risks. Uterus
perforation is rare and would be fatal. A case of Cu-7 IUCD invading into the sigmoid colon through
uterine perforation caused by a pelvic blunt trauma was presented. Our case showed that uterus
perforation by an IUCD could induce utero-sigmoid fistula which is likely to be missed. Imaging is
required when the patients with IUCD present abdominal pain, particularly with a history of trauma. 相似文献
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Rashad Abdul-Ghani Hoda F. Farag Amal F. Allam Ahmed A. Azazy 《Parasitology research》2014,113(4):1481-1487
Increased gametocytemia in infections with resistant strains of Plasmodium species and their enhanced transmissibility are a matter of concern in planning and evaluating the impact of malaria control strategies. Various studies have determined weekly gametocyte carriage in response to antimalarial drugs in clinical trials. The advent of molecular biology techniques makes it easy to detect and quantify gametocytes, the stages responsible for transmission, and to detect resistant genotypes of the parasite. With the validation of molecular markers of resistance to certain antimalarial drugs, there is a need to devise a simpler formula that could be used with these epidemiological antimalarial resistance tools. Theoretical models for transmission of resistant malaria parasites are difficult to deploy in epidemiological studies. Therefore, devising a simple formula that determines the potential resistant-genotype transmission of malaria parasites should provide further insights into understanding the spread of drug resistance. The present perspective discusses gametocytogenesis in the context of antimalarial treatment and drug resistance. It also highlights the difficulties in applying the available theoretical models of drug resistance transmission and suggests Rashad’s devised formula that could perhaps be used in determining potentially transmissible resistant genotypes as well as in mapping areas with high potential risk for the transmission of drug-resistant malaria. The suggested formula makes use of the data on gametocytes and resistant genotypes of malaria parasites, detected by molecular techniques in a certain geographical area within a particular point in time, to calculate the potential risk of resistant genotype transmission. 相似文献
26.
HM Abdellatif 《The journal of evidence-based dental practice》2012,12(3):141-143
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION: Advanced dental disease in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. Kisely S, Quek L-H, Pais J, Lalloo R, Johnson NW, Lawrence D. Br J Psychiatry 2011;199:187-93. REVIEWER: Hoda M. Abdellatif, BDS, MPH, Dr PH PURPOSE/QUESTION: How does the oral health status of individuals with severe mental illness compare with that of the general population? SOURCE OF FUNDING: Information not available TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN: Systematic review with a meta-analysis LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION GRADE: Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence. 相似文献
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