全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15779篇 |
免费 | 781篇 |
国内免费 | 109篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 123篇 |
儿科学 | 331篇 |
妇产科学 | 256篇 |
基础医学 | 1814篇 |
口腔科学 | 244篇 |
临床医学 | 987篇 |
内科学 | 4739篇 |
皮肤病学 | 259篇 |
神经病学 | 1049篇 |
特种医学 | 448篇 |
外科学 | 2695篇 |
综合类 | 51篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 307篇 |
眼科学 | 96篇 |
药学 | 1145篇 |
中国医学 | 42篇 |
肿瘤学 | 2082篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 116篇 |
2022年 | 226篇 |
2021年 | 423篇 |
2020年 | 251篇 |
2019年 | 323篇 |
2018年 | 358篇 |
2017年 | 289篇 |
2016年 | 348篇 |
2015年 | 391篇 |
2014年 | 494篇 |
2013年 | 547篇 |
2012年 | 1015篇 |
2011年 | 1082篇 |
2010年 | 622篇 |
2009年 | 529篇 |
2008年 | 913篇 |
2007年 | 971篇 |
2006年 | 1007篇 |
2005年 | 937篇 |
2004年 | 982篇 |
2003年 | 921篇 |
2002年 | 963篇 |
2001年 | 231篇 |
2000年 | 204篇 |
1999年 | 288篇 |
1998年 | 221篇 |
1997年 | 172篇 |
1996年 | 161篇 |
1995年 | 118篇 |
1994年 | 113篇 |
1993年 | 106篇 |
1992年 | 147篇 |
1991年 | 108篇 |
1990年 | 107篇 |
1989年 | 104篇 |
1988年 | 96篇 |
1987年 | 93篇 |
1986年 | 59篇 |
1985年 | 77篇 |
1984年 | 71篇 |
1983年 | 55篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 35篇 |
1979年 | 59篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1972年 | 20篇 |
1968年 | 23篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
Y Yonemura K Sugiyama T Kamata T Fujimura A Yamaguchi K Miwa I Miyazaki 《Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi》1989,90(5):681-685
Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns was performed on 76 diffusely infiltrating carcinomas of the stomach and the results correlated with histologic findings and outcome. Twenty six cases were diploid (34%) and 50 cases were aneuploid. There was no correlation between DNA ploidy and histologic type, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, evidence of peritoneal dissemination or curability. In aneuploid tumors, incidence of vascular invasion was significantly higher than that in diploid tumors (p less than 0.05). In addition, the patients with aneuploid tumors had a poor prognosis than with diploid tumors. These results indicate that DNA ploidy patterns may possibly be a useful prognostic marker for diffusely infiltrating carcinomas of the stomach. 相似文献
63.
Hiroaki Nakamura Marie Yamada Makoto Fukae Hidehiro Ozawa 《Journal of bone and mineral metabolism》1997,15(4):184-192
We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of CD44, hyaluronate receptor, and moesin, of the ezrinradixin-moesin
(ERM) family, in osteoclasts after calcitonin adminstration using confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron
microscopy to clarify the role of CD44 and moesin in their cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity. We also elucidated
the localization of osteopontin (OPN) to confirm its possible role in cell-matrix recognition via CD44. In untreated mice,
intense immunoreactivities for CD44 and moesin were detected on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. Rhodamine-phalloidin
reactivity was seen in a bandlike pattern on the region of contact between osteoclasts and bone and was also detected moderately
along their basolateral plasma membrane. At 30 min after calcitonin administration, osteoclasts did not show either clear
zones or ruffled borders. The bandlike reactivity of rhodamine-phalloidin in the contact region was diminished, although labeling
was seen along osteoclasts. CD44 and moesin were colocalized along their plasma membranes, including the region facing the
bone surface. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the microvillus processes in the contacting region with bone
surface, as well as the basolateral plasma membrane, showed immunoreactivities to CD44 and moesin. At 60 min, some osteoclasts
attached to bone and showed a bandlike pattern of rhodamine-phalloidin. On the other hand, OPN was localized under CD44-positive
cytoplasmic processes and the clear zone of osteoclasts. These findings suggest that calcitonin effects on the cell polarity
of osteoclasts and the CD44-moesin-actin filament system in osteoclasts plays an imporant role in cell polarity and cell-matrix
recognition. 相似文献
64.
Analysis of T Cell Receptor Variability in Fresh Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes from Human Head and Neck Cancer 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kazuaki Chikamatsu Masao Eura Koji Nakano Yuichi Kanzaki Hiroaki Matsuoka Keisuke Masuyama Takeru Ishikawa 《Cancer science》1994,85(6):626-632
In this study, we analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) freshly obtained from 15 patients with head and neck cancer using the reversely transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. These TILs showed preferential expression of Vα10, Vα8 and Vα1, detected in 13 (87%), 11 (73%), and 9 cases (60%), respectively. The TCRVβ gene revealed diversity without preferential usage. The head and neck region is exposed to bacteria and viruses, so it is possible that the tumor site can become infected and accumulate T cells involved in infection and inflammation. Therefore, we also investigated TCR gene usage in T cells infiltrating in chronic sinusitis mucosa to address the question of whether the Vα1, Vα8, and Vα10 subfamilies are characteristic in TIL from squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. TCR Vα10 gene usage was also the most common in Vα segment in T cells infiltrating the sinus mucosa, but Vα and Vα8 were not detected in the T cells in sinusitis. These results indicate that the Vα10 subfamily, the preferred T cell population in both TIL and T cells in inflammatory disease, might he involved mainly in inflammation or infection. On the other hand, Vα1 and Vα8 appear to be relatively specific populations for antitumor immunity in head and neck cancer. 相似文献
65.
Yoshihiko Tsuji Hiroaki Ohue Hiroshi Ikuta Osamu Kinoshita Fumio Shibagaki 《Surgery today》1997,27(5):387-391
Between January 1985 and September 1994, 21 patients with psychiatric disorders underwent various forms of surgery at our
hospital. There were 12 men and 9 women with an average age of 57.6 years. The coexisting psychiatric disorders were schizophrenia
in 15 patients, depression in 2, dementia in 2, mental retardation with epilepsy in 1, and Parkinson's disease in 1. All the
patients had been receiving neuroleptic medications for a long period. The indications for surgery were: cholelithiasis in
6 patients, acute appendicitis in 4, perforation of the small intestine in 3, incarceration of an inguinal hernia in 2, and
esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, bleeding from a gastric ulcer, perforation of a duodenal ulcer, strangulating ileus, and
burns in 1 patient each, respectively. All of the patients who underwent elective surgery were given epidural anesthesia with
or without general anesthesia. Antipsychotic medications were given until just prior to surgery and recommenced concurrent
with the first meal. Abnormal behavior was observed in 11 patients (52.4%) postoperatively, but all the patients were discharged
in accordance with recovery from their surgical disorder. Intra- and postoperative hypotension resistant to intravenous catecholamine
administration was recognized in 9 patients (42.9%), and this peculiar complication should be borne in mind when patients
with psychiatric disorders require surgical management.
Presented at the 94th annual meeting of the Japanese Surgical Society, held in Tokyo in March, 1994 相似文献
66.
Hidehito Matsuoka Wataru Nishio Toshihiko Sakamoto Hiroaki Harada Noriaki Tsubota 《European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery》2004,26(3):480-482
OBJECTIVE: To predict accurate morbidity after lung resection using treadmill exercise test. METHODS: A total of 130 patients (108 men and 22 women, with mean age 67.1+/-11.4 years (range, 34-78 years)) of 1129 patients underwent standard lobectomy were performed both treadmill exercise test and spirometry preoperatively. We measured maximum oxygen uptake/body weight (VO2max/BW) and change in arterial blood oxygen pressure from rest to symptom-limited maximum loading (delta aPaO2) and calculated exercise-induced hypoxemia (delta PaO2/delta VO2/BW), and retrospectively compared these parameters for patients with and without complications. RESULTS: There were five patients with severe postoperative complications, including three requiring use of a respirator, two with home oxygen therapy. %Vital capacity, VC (%, 80.2+/-13.2 vs. 92.5+/-20.9, P=0.026), delta PaO2 (Torr, -29.3+/-4.3 vs. -13.2+/-10.8, P=0.0004), VO2max/BW (ml/min/kg, 16.5+/-2.9 vs. 20.6+/-5.1, P=0.018) and delta PaO2/delta VO2/BW (Torr/ml/min/kg, -1.98+/-0.26 vs. -0.57+/-0.47) were significantly associated with worse outcome. All the five patients with complications had delta PaO2/delta VO2/BW<-1.7. CONCLUSIONS: Treadmill exercise testing is a good method for assessment of cardiopulmonary reserve. Limited resection must be performed if delta PaO2/delta VO2/BW is under -1.7. 相似文献
67.
We report herein the case of a 56-year-old woman who developed secondary Kwashiorkor 9 years after undergoing a total gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Until she began developing the symptoms of Kwashiorkor, including general fatigue, edema of the face and extremities, anemia, alopecia, and weight loss, she had been leading a normal life post-gastrectomy. Her symptoms were alleviated by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy, but reappeared soon after TPN therapy was discontinued. Therefore, she required several subsequent courses of TPN. In an attempt to permanently resolve the ongoing Kwashiorkor symptoms, reconstructive surgery involving transposition of the jejunum from the previous Graham method to the interposition method was performed 10 years after the initial gastrectomy. After the second operation, her malnutrition was completely alleviated, and she has been in good health for the 8 years since. To our knowledge, there has been no other report of the symptoms of secondary Kwashiorkor after total gastrectomy being alleviated by altering the procedure of reconstruction of the intestinal tract. Thus, we recommend surgical treatment to alter the digestive continuity to a more physiological pathway for selected patients with secondary Kwashiorkor syndrome. 相似文献
68.
69.
Shibahara Hiroaki; Shigeta Minoru; Inoue Miyuki; Hasegawa Akiko; Koyama Koji; Alexander Nancy J.; Isojima Sinzo 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1996,11(12):2595-2599
The blocking effects of complement-dependent sperm immobilizingantibodies in the sera of infertile women and monoclonal antispermantibodies against humans and mice on fertilization were investigated.The hemizona assay (HZA) and sperm penetration assay (SPA) wereused to study the inhibitory effects of sera from 22 infertilepatients positive for sperm immobilizing antibodies. Use ofthese tests allowed us to differentiate whether the antibodyblocked spermzona pellucida tight binding and/or spermpenetration into the ooplasm. The zona pellucida penetrationassay (ZPA) was also used to study the effects of four monoclonalantibodies (mAbs) on human sperm penetration into the zona pellucida.Seven mAbs against murine spermatozoa were tested for theirinhibitory effects on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and HZA inmice. Of 22 patient sera with sperm immobilizing antibodies,21 (95.5%) inhibited HZA attachment and penetration, whereasthis did not occur in any of 13 patient sera without these antibodies.However, 19 of 22 (86.4%) patient sera with sperm immobilizingantibodies and eight of 13 (61.5%) patient sera without theseantibodies inhibited the SPA. Two (2C6, 1G12) of four mAbs againsthuman spermatozoa showed strong inhibitory effects in all theassays (HZA, ZPA and SPA). One mAb (3B10) did not inhibit HZAbut blocked ZPA and SPA. Another mAb (H6-3C4) seemed to haveno inhibitory effects on fertilization. Two (Vx 5 and Vx 8)of seven mAbs against murine spermatozoa inhibited IVF in micebut did not block mouse HZA. These findings suggest that antispermantibodies block fertilization at specific stages. Some of themmay inhibit sperm capacitation and thus prevent all processesof fertilization that follow. Some other antibodies may notaffect capacitation and sperm binding to zona pellucida butinhibit the acrosome reaction, followed by the blocking of spermpenetration through zona pellucida and ooplasm. 相似文献
70.
Naoaki Takemoto Hiroaki Kuroda Yoshinobu Nakamura Takashi Ichiba Naruto Matsuda Yasushi Ashida Takafumi Hamasaki Yohichi Hara Shingo Ishiguro Tohru Mori 《Surgery today》1996,26(3):179-183
The effects of calcium (Ca) on a hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution for continuous cardioplegia were examined in an isolated perfused working rat heart model. The coronary arteries were perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (K-H) solution, containing various concentrations of Ca(0.1, 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mmol/l) and a high concentration of potassium (20 mmol/l), for 180 min, after which cardiac arrest was induced at 37°C for 180 min. Cardiac function and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. In the control group, K-H solution was infused in place of the cardioplegic solution, and cardiac arrest was not induced. No significant differences were observed between the groups infused with the K-H solution containing Ca concentrations of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 mmol/l in the percent recovery of aortic flow (82.1±2.9%, 80.6±2.0%, and 71.5±3.7% (mean±SEM) respectively) or in the recovery of other indices of cardiac function, or in CK leakage. There were also no significant differences in the recovery of cardiac function and CK leakage between these groups and the control group. In the Ca 0.1 mmol/l group, however, the characteristic Ca paradox was observed. These findings suggest that if the Ca concentration in a cardioplegic solution is higher than 0.6 mmol/l during continuous cardioplegia, excellent cardioprotective effects will be achieved. 相似文献