Effect of sumatriptan on gastric emptying: a crossover study using the BreathID system

AIM:To determine the effect of oral sumatriptan on gastric emptying using a continuous 13 C breath test(BreathID system).METHODS:Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized,2-way crossover study.The subjects fasted overnight and were randomly assigned to receive a test meal(200 kcal/200 mL) 30 min after pre-medication with sumatriptan 50 mg(sumatriptan condition),or the test meal alone(control condition).Gastric emptying was monitored for 4 h after administration of the test meal by the 13 C-acetic acid breath test performed continually using the BreathID system.Then,using Oridion Research Software(β version),the time taken for emptying of 50% of the labeled meal(T 1/2) similar to the scintigraphy lag time for 10% emptying of the labeled meal(T lag),the gastric emptying coefficient(GEC),and the regression-estimated constants(β and κ) were calculated.The statistical significance of any differences in the parameters were analyzed using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test.RESULTS:In the sumatriptan condition,significant differences compared with the control condition were found in T 1/2 [median 131.84 min(range,103.13-168.70) vs 120.27 min(89.61-138.25);P = 0.0016],T lag [median 80.085 min(59.23-125.89) vs 61.11 min(39.86-87.05);P = 0.0125],and β [median 2.3374(1.6407-3.8209) vs 2.0847(1.4755-2.9269);P = 0.0284].There were no significant differences in the GEC or κ between the 2 conditions.CONCLUSION:This study showed that oral sumatriptan significantly delayed gastric emptying of a liquid meal.     

Correlation between circulating fibrocytes, and activity and progression of interstitial lung diseases

Background and objective: Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are characterized by progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and a decline in lung function. Fibrocytes are bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal progenitor cells that may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Circulating fibrocyte numbers have been correlated with the prognosis of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between circulating fibrocytes, and parameters of disease activity and progression in several groups of patients with ILD. Methods: The study population comprised 41 patients with ILD and seven healthy control subjects. Circulating CD45⁺ collagen‐I⁺ fibrocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: The number of circulating fibrocytes was significantly increased in all patients with ILD and particularly in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis and interstitial pneumonitis associated with collagen vascular disease as compared with healthy control subjects. The numbers of circulating fibrocytes were significantly correlated with pulmonary function test parameters and with serum levels of sialylated carbohydrate antigen, a marker of disease activity. Temporal changes in circulating fibrocyte numbers were evaluated in two patients, and the results suggested that these changes correlated with the activity of ILD. Conclusions: The results from this study provide further evidence for the role of circulating fibrocytes in fibrotic lung diseases.     

Comparison of the psychosocial quality of life in hemodialysis patients between the elderly and non‐elderly using a visual analogue scale: The importance of appetite and depressive mood

Aim: The number of hemodialysis (HD) patients is increasing along with their mean age in Japan. The assessment of their psychosocial status and quality of life (QOL) is therefore becoming more and more important along with laboratory data or comorbidities. Methods: We examined the psychosocial status of 211 HD patients (72 elderly and 139 non‐elderly) and compared the difference between elderly and non‐elderly patients using a visual analogue scale (VAS). We then examined how QOL affected mortality rate in 3‐year prospective follow up. We assessed 10 items of QOL: health condition, appetite, sleep, mood, memory, family relationships, friendship, economical status, life satisfaction in daily life, and happiness with qualified self‐evaluating questionnaires along with laboratory data and comorbidities. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the scores of mood and geriatric depression scale (GDS)‐15. Results: There was no difference in VAS scores between elderly and non‐elderly patients. Lower VAS scores for appetite and mood correlated with higher mortality in HD patients, especially in the non‐elderly. VAS scores for mood correlated with GDS‐15 in HD patients. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to appetite and the diagnosis and therapy of depressive mood to improve the prognosis of HD patients, especially for the non‐elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 65–71.     

Intraductal polypoid growth variant of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma metastasizing to the intrahepatic bile duct 6 years after surgery: A case report and literature review

We present the first reported case of intraductal polypoid growth (IPG) variant of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) metastasizing to the intrahepatic bile duct. A 58-year-old Japanese woman had previously presented with obstructive jaundice and a 7.0 cm mass in the pancreatic head. She underwent biliary drainage for 2 months followed by pancreatectomy. Histological examination revealed a carcinoma with acinar pattern, immunohistochemically positive for trypsin, and acinar cell carcinoma was diagnosed. IPGs were prominent in the main pancreatic duct and its tributaries, extending into the intrapancreatic bile duct with tumor casts in the lumen. Imaging examinations 6 years later revealed a growing lesion within the intrahepatic bile duct. Needle biopsy examination suggested metastasis of ACC, and she underwent chemoradiation therapy and partial hepatectomy. Histological examination demonstrated ACC confined to the intrahepatic bile duct. The localization of metastasis and slow growth may indicate indolent biologic behavior of the IPG variant.     

Complex obstacle negotiation exercise can prevent falls in community‐dwelling elderly Japanese aged 75 years and older

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a complex course obstacle negotiation exercise (CC), a 24‐week exercise program, can reduce falls and fractures in older adults, as compared with a simple course obstacle negotiation exercise (SC). Methods: This trial was carried out on older adults, aged 75 years and above in Japan. In total, 157 participants were randomized into the CC group (n = 78) and the SC group (n = 79). Participants were enrolled in the exercise class using the CC program or the SC program for 24 weeks. The outcome measure was the number of falls and fracture rates in CC and SC groups for 12 months after the completion of the 24‐week exercise class. Results: Two participants (2.8%) in the CC group and 19 (26.0%) in the SC group experienced falls during 12 months. During the 12‐month follow‐up period after the intervention, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of falls in the SC group against the CC group was 9.37 (95% CI = 2.26–38.77). One participant (1.4%) in the CC group and eight (10.9%) in the SC group had experienced fractures during 12 months after the exercise class. The IRR of fractures in the SC group compared with the CC group was 7.89 (95% CI = 1.01–61.49). Conclusions: The results of the present trial show that the participants who received individualized obstacle avoidance training under complex tasks combined with a traditional intervention had a lower incidence rate of falls and fractures during the 12 months after the intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 461–467.