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111.
112.
W Allan Walker Eric C Martens Philip M Sherman Johanna W Lampe Meredith AJ Hullar Christine D Wu 《Nutrition reviews》2009,67(1):40-48
The extended abstracts in this report are based on presentations from the 11th Special Conference on Functional Foods for Health Promotion, cosponsored by the Technical Committee on Food Components for Health Promotion of the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI NA) and the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) at the Experimental Biology (EB) meeting in April 2008. Evidence that foods and their components offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition continues to captivate the interest of scientific communities, federal agencies, and the general public. The theme of the 2008 special conference was "Microbes and Health". It began with a general introduction and overview of how diet or dietary components can influence microbial growth and, ultimately, disease risk and overall health. Subsequent presentations provided fundamental information about how the food supply can set the landscape for gene expression in microbes and, ultimately, their influence on health (with some comments on how microbes might contribute to the obesity epidemic), child health and infections, role of microbes in cancer prevention, and effects of foods and their bioactive constituents as modifiers of microbes in the oral cavity. 相似文献
113.
Christine AE Schutgens Merel Schuring Toon AJ Voorham Alex Burdorf 《BMC public health》2009,9(1):197-11
Background
The relationship between poor health and unemployment is well established. Health promotion among unemployed persons may improve their health. The aims of this study were to investigate characteristics of non-participants and drop-outs in a multidisciplinary health promotion programme for long-term unemployed persons with health complaints, to evaluate changes in physical health among participants, and to investigate determinants of improvement in physical health. 相似文献114.
Antonina A Mikocka-Walus Deborah A Turnbull Jane M Andrews Nicole T Moulding Ian G Wilson Hugh AJ Harley David J Hetzel Gerald J Holtmann 《Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health》2008,4(1):15
Background
In independent studies, IBD, IBS and HCV have each been associated with a substantially increased risk of psychological problems such as depression and anxiety and impairment of quality of life compared to the general healthy population. However, the relative psychological burden for each of these diagnoses is unknown as it has never been compared contemporaneously at one institution. Current local data are therefore needed to enable an evidence-based allocation of limited clinical psychological resources.Methods
Overall, 139 outpatients (64 IBD, 41 HCV, and 34 IBS) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The HADS, SCL90, SF-12 and appropriate disease-specific activity measures were administered. Differences between groups were assesed with ANOVA, the Chi-Square test and the independent samples t-test (two-tailed).Results
Each of the three groups had significantly lower quality of life than the general population (p < 0.05). Overall, a total of 58 (42%) participants met HADS screening criteria for anxiety and 26 (19%) participants for depression. The HCV group had a significantly higher prevalence of depression than either of the other groups (HCV = 34%, IBS = 15% and IBD = 11%, p = 0.009). In the SCL90, the three disease groups differed on 7 out of 12 subscales. On each of these subscales, the HCV group were most severely affected and differed most from the general population.Conclusion
Patients with these common chronic gastrointestinal diseases have significant impairment of quality of life. Anxiety is a greater problem than depression, although patients with HCV in particular, should be regularly monitored and treated for co-morbid depression. Evaluation of specific psychological interventions targeting anxiety is warranted.115.
Mid-trimester loss--appraisal of a screening protocol 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main causes for mid-trimester loss are known. There is likely to be
overlap with those of first trimester loss, but the proportions may be
different. We wished to perform an aetiological survey in a large
population of patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage, for
possible explanations for their second trimester miscarriages. Database
analysis of 636 patients attending a UK University Teaching Hospital
dedicated miscarriage clinic between 1991 and 1996 revealed a 25%
prevalence (n = 158) for second trimester miscarriage. Results from an
investigative screening protocol were positive in 50% of cases: 33% (n =
52) tested positive for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); 8% (n = 13)
fulfilled strict criteria for cervical incompetence; there was a 4%
prevalence of uterine anomaly; 3% for infection (n = 5) and 2% of patients
(n = 3) proved to be hypothyroid. Importantly, dual pathology was found in
5% of patients with a history of second trimester miscarriage. As
idiopathic mid-trimester loss is a diagnosis by exclusion, a high index of
suspicion is required, as are modern diagnostic techniques.
相似文献
116.
117.
Twenty-six patients over the age of 50 years with proven iron deficiency anaemia were identified, investigated and followed up in general practice over a five-year period. The anaemia was symptomatic in 50% of patients but only 20% had symptoms related to the gut. Faecal occult blood testing was positive in five patients only and negative tests occurred in three patients with significant disease, including one caecal carcinoma. All patients agreed to oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy carried out on the same occasion. In eight patients, significant abnormalities were found on OGD and in two patients on sigmoidoscopy. Four patients declined barium enema examinations, two of whom had significant OGD abnormalities. Barium enema examination of the other 22 patients showed polyposis of the colon and a caecal carcinoma and initially missed one carcinoma of the caecum which was found subsequently. The likelihood of finding significant disease in iron-deficient patients over 50 years of age is high and should be assumed to be due to blood loss into the gut. Investigation by OGD, sigmoidoscopy and barium enema in the first instance seems warranted and is a condition that can be safely managed by the GP. (Br J Clin Pract 1997; 51(2) : 78-80) 相似文献
118.
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of subcutaneous sumatriptan in general practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MB Russell OE Holm-Thomsen M Rishøj Nielsen A Cleal AJ Pilgrim J Olesen 《Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache》1994,14(4):291-296
Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic response to sumatriptan in the acute migraine attack. Material and methods. Two hundred and thirty migraineurs diagnosed by their general practitioners in accordance with their usual practice were included in the study. The patients treated two migraine attacks at home by subcutaneous injection of sumatriptan or placebo for the first attack and the alternative medication, i.e. placebo or sumatriptan, for the second attack (crossover). Following treatment, a neurology resident interviewed and examined the patients, Results. When sumatriptan was compared to placebo, significantly more of the 209 evaluable patients reported headache relief at I h (56% vs 8%, p < 0.001) and 2 h (62% vs 15%, p < 0.001) after the first injection. Resolution of nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia was significantly more common in patients on sumatriptan than in those on placebo ( p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The adverse events were usually transient and of mild or moderate severity; however, three patients withdrew due to adverse events. Ninety-five percent of patients evaluated by a neurology resident met the IHS criteria for migraine. Conclusion. In general practice, sumatriptan taken subcutaneously using an autoinjector at home was an effective and well tolerated acute treatment for migraine. 相似文献
119.
Human hearing loss is a common neurosensory disorder about which many basic research and clinically relevant questions are unresolved. This review on hereditary deafness focuses on three examples considered at first glance to be uncomplicated, however, upon inspection, are enigmatic and ripe for future research efforts. The three examples of clinical and genetic complexities are drawn from studies of (i) Pendred syndrome/DFNB4 (PDS, OMIM 274600), (ii) Perrault syndrome (deafness and infertility) due to mutations of CLPP (PRTLS3, OMIM 614129), and (iii) the unexplained extensive clinical variability associated with TBC1D24 mutations. At present, it is unknown how different mutations of TBC1D24 cause non‐syndromic deafness (DFNB86, OMIM 614617), epilepsy (OMIM 605021), epilepsy with deafness, or DOORS syndrome (OMIM 220500) that is characterized by d eafness, o nychodystrophy (alteration of toenail or fingernail morphology), o steodystrophy (defective development of bone), mental r etardation, and s eizures. A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of each gene associated with human deafness is expected to provide future opportunities for restoration as well as preservation of normal hearing. 相似文献
120.