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991.
992.
Kathryn M. Dalbec C. Max Schmidt Terence E. Wade Sue Wang Deborah A. Swartz-Basile Henry A. Pitt Nicholas J. Zyromski 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2010,55(7):2108-2112
Background
Differential adipokine expression in obesity influences the inflammatory milieu, and may explain in part obesity’s negative impact on pancreatic disease. Pancreatic juice analysis may provide a good means to evaluate the local pancreatic inflammatory milieu. The presence of adipokines in pancreatic juice is unknown. 相似文献993.
Growth of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the presence of sub-MIC FQ has been shown to enhance methicillin resistance in traditional nosocomial MRSA isolates. We aimed to confirm this phenomenon in nine community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clinical isolates, and to identify candidate genes that might account for this unusual phenotype. Overnight growth of CA-MRSA strains in tryptic soy broth containing a subinhibitory concentration of either ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin resulted in a concentration-related increase in the number of colonies that grew on nafcillin agar, such that about one CFU in four exhibited significantly higher resistance to nafcillin, with only a modest increase in FQ MIC. No mutations were found in the quinolone-resistance determining region of gyrA and grlA. DNA microarray studies of a representative levofloxacin-exposed clone found that gene expression was increased for 53 open reading frames (ORFs), including norR and mecA, and decreased for 10. The majority of these ORFs encode regulatory and stress response proteins. In conclusion, sublethal exposure to FQ alters the SOS response in CA-MRSA and selects in a non-lethal manner for stable mutants with enhanced expression of methicillin resistance. 相似文献
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995.
Isabelle Iltis Dee M. Koski Lynn E. Eberly Christopher D. Nelson Dinesh K. Deelchand Julien Valette Kamil Ugurbil Kelvin O. Lim Pierre‐Gilles Henry 《NMR in biomedicine》2009,22(7):737-744
Acute phencyclidine (PCP) administration mimics some aspects of schizophrenia in rats, such as behavioral alterations, increased dopaminergic activity and prefrontal cortex dysfunction. In this study, we used single‐voxel 1H‐MRS to investigate neurochemical changes in rat prefrontal cortex in vivo before and after an acute injection of PCP. A short‐echo time sequence (STEAM) was used to acquire spectra in a 32‐µL voxel positioned in the prefrontal cortex area of 12 rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Data were acquired for 30 min before and for 140 min after a bolus of PCP (10 mg/kg, n = 6) or saline (n = 6). Metabolites were quantified with the LCModel. Time courses for 14 metabolites were obtained with a temporal resolution of 10 min. The glutamine/glutamate ratio was significantly increased after PCP injection (p < 0.0001, pre‐ vs. post‐injection), while the total concentration of these two metabolites remained constant. Glucose was transiently increased (+70%) while lactate decreased after the injection (both p < 0.0001). Lactate, but not glucose and glutamine, returned to baseline levels after 140 min. These results show that an acute injection of PCP leads to changes in glutamate and glutamine concentrations, similar to what has been observed in schizophrenic patients, and after ketamine administration in humans. MRS studies of this pharmacological rat model may be useful for assessing the effects of potential anti‐psychotic drugs in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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998.
Gwen Hosey Henry Ichiho Dawn Satterfield Irene Dankwa-Mullan Stevenson Kuartei Kyu Rhee Tayna Belyeu-Camacho Ione deBrum Yorah Demei Kipier Lippwe Patrick Solidum Luces Faiese Roby 《Preventing chronic disease》2011,8(4)
In recent years, illness and death due to chronic disease in the US Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI) jurisdictions have dramatically increased. Effective chronic disease surveillance can help monitor disease trends, evaluate public policy, prioritize resource allocation, and guide program planning, evaluation, and research. Although chronic disease surveillance is being conducted in the USAPI, no recently published capacity assessments for chronic disease surveillance are available. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of existing USAPI chronic disease data sources and identify jurisdictional capacity for chronic disease surveillance. The assessment included a chronic disease data source inventory, literature review, and review of surveillance documentation available from the web or through individual jurisdictions. We used the World Health Organization''s Health Metric Network Framework to assess data source quality and to identify jurisdictional capacity. Results showed that USAPI data sources are generally aligned with widely accepted chronic disease surveillance indicators and use standardized data collection methodology to measure chronic disease behavioral risks, preventive practices, illness, and death. However, all jurisdictions need to strengthen chronic disease surveillance through continued assessment and expanded support for valid and reliable data collection, analysis and reporting, dissemination, and integration among population-based and institution-based data sources. For sustained improvement, we recommend investment and technical assistance in support of a chronic disease surveillance system that integrates population-based and institution-based data sources. An integrated strategy that bridges and links USAPI data sources can support evidence-based policy and population health interventions. 相似文献
999.
Charlotte Curran Amanda C. C. de Williams Henry W.W. Potts 《European Journal of Pain》2009,13(2):178-188
It is a tenet of cognitive behavioral treatment of persistent pain problems that ex‐patients should adhere to treatment methods over the longer term, in order to maintain and to extend treatment gains. However, no research has quantified the causal influence of adherence on short‐term outcome in this field. The aims of this study are to assess determinants of adherence to treatment recommendations in several domains, and to examine the extent to which cognitive and behavioral adherence predicts better outcome of cognitive behavioral treatment for persistent pain. Longitudinal data from a sample of 2345 persistent pain patients who attended a multicomponent treatment programme were subjected to structural equation modeling. Adherence emerged as a mediating factor linking post‐treatment and follow‐up treatment outcome, but contributed only 3% unique variance to follow‐up outcomes. Combined end‐of‐treatment outcomes and adherence factors accounted for 72% of the variance in outcome at one‐month follow‐up. Notwithstanding shortcomings in the measurement of adherence, these findings question the emphasis normally given to adherence in the maintenance of behavioral and cognitive change, and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Leo Jeng Alexandra V Yamshchikov Suzanne E Judd Henry M Blumberg Gregory S Martin Thomas R Ziegler Vin Tangpricha 《Journal of translational medicine》2009,7(1):28