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排序方式: 共有8197条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Helmut Niederhofer 《Phytotherapy research : PTR》2009,23(11):1645-1646
Deficits in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and imaginative activity are the main characteristics of autism. From the psychopharmacological point of view, clonidine, metylphenidate and neuroleptics may improve some of these aspects, but with a remarkable risk of adverse side effects. In our observational study, three patients received 2 × 100 mg Ginkgo Biloba EGb 761 for 4 weeks and showed some improvement on the Aberrant Behavior and Symptom Checklist. These results suggest, that Ginkgo Biloba might be effective at least as an add‐on therapy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
Helmut G. Madersbacher 《Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports》2007,2(1):5-10
Anticholinergic therapy together with behavioral treatment are the mainstays of treatment for the overactive bladder. Successful
therapy and patient compliance depend very much on side effects. In the past, little attention has been paid to anticholinergic
side effects in the central nervous system (CNS), which can be critical, especially for elderly patients. Incidence and intensity
of CNS effects depend on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that are decisive whether anticholinergics pass
the blood-brain barrier as a result of passive and active transport mechanisms. To measure potential CNS side effects of anticholinergic
drugs, rapid eye movement sleep analysis, quantitative-topographic electroencephalogram studies, and psychometric tests were
performed. Structural changes in brain morphology (resulting from anticholinergics) also were analyzed in a postmortem study.
However, the data of these studies do not always correlate with clinical experience. The results of clinical studies in elderly
patients are also controversial mainly due to the different design of the studies. Spontaneous reporting may not be appropriate,
but targeted tests for memory and cognitive function should be applied. Moreover, the treatment period must be adequate. Therefore,
further clinical studies in patients with overactive bladder are mandatory, with adequate study design and adequate duration
of anticholinergic therapy. 相似文献
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25.
Trenkwalder P, Plaschke M, Aulehner R, Lydtin H. Felodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide/Triamterene for Treatment of' Hypertension in the Elderly: Effects on Blood Pressure, Hypertensive Heart Disease, Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters.
The aim of the study was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of either felodipine or the diuretic combination hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene in a group (n = 65) of elderly (≥70 years) hypertensives (office blood pressure ≥ 60/95 mmHg) with special regard to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, hypertensive heart disease and metabolic parameters. This was a randomized, double-blind study with a treatment period of 6 months. Reduction of office and 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure was comparable with both treatment regimens; after 6 months, 18 of 29 patients in the felodipine group (62%) and 20 of 27 patients in the diuretic group (74%; p = 0.4) were controlled. While episodes of ischemic type ST-segment depression were significantly reduced in the felodipine group (from 49 to 9 episodes), there was no significant change in the diuretic group (from 24 to 21 episodes). Both regimens decreased left ventricular wall thickness, but the decline in left ventricular muscle mass index was significant only for felodipine. Felodipine did not induce any change in metabolic or hormonal parameters; the diuretic combination significantly increased serum creatinine, uric acid, plasma renin activity, and plasma prorenin. Thus, the antihypertensive efficacy of felodipine and the diuretic combination was comparable in elderly hypertensives; only felodipine, however, improved parameters of hypertensive heart diesease and showed a neutral metabolic and hormonal profile. 相似文献
The aim of the study was to compare the antihypertensive efficacy of either felodipine or the diuretic combination hydrochlorothiazide/triamterene in a group (n = 65) of elderly (≥70 years) hypertensives (office blood pressure ≥ 60/95 mmHg) with special regard to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, hypertensive heart disease and metabolic parameters. This was a randomized, double-blind study with a treatment period of 6 months. Reduction of office and 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure was comparable with both treatment regimens; after 6 months, 18 of 29 patients in the felodipine group (62%) and 20 of 27 patients in the diuretic group (74%; p = 0.4) were controlled. While episodes of ischemic type ST-segment depression were significantly reduced in the felodipine group (from 49 to 9 episodes), there was no significant change in the diuretic group (from 24 to 21 episodes). Both regimens decreased left ventricular wall thickness, but the decline in left ventricular muscle mass index was significant only for felodipine. Felodipine did not induce any change in metabolic or hormonal parameters; the diuretic combination significantly increased serum creatinine, uric acid, plasma renin activity, and plasma prorenin. Thus, the antihypertensive efficacy of felodipine and the diuretic combination was comparable in elderly hypertensives; only felodipine, however, improved parameters of hypertensive heart diesease and showed a neutral metabolic and hormonal profile. 相似文献
26.
Expression and distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human brain tumors 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
T. Pietsch Markus M. Valter Helmut K. Wolf A. von Deimling H.-J. Su Huang Webster K. Cavenee Otmar D. Wiestler 《Acta neuropathologica》1997,93(2):109-117
Marked neovascularization is a hallmark of many neoplasms in the nervous system. Recent reports indicate that the endothelial
mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play a critical role in the regulation of vascular endothelial proliferation
in malignant gliomas. Using novel monoclonal antibodies to the VEGF polypeptide we have determined the expression and cellular
distribution of VEGF protein in a representative series of 171 human central nervous system (CNS) tumors by immunohistochemistry
and immunoblotting. In agreement with previous in situ hybridization data, 19 out of 20 glioblastomas (95%) showed immunoreactivity
for VEGF, whereas both the percentage of immunoreactive tumors and the extent of immunoreactivity for VEGF were significantly
lower in astrocytomas. Of the pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I) 44% were immunoreactive for VEGF, but we observed several
cases with pronounced vascular proliferates in the absence of VEGF. In ependymomas, meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, and primitive
neuroectodermal tumors, there was no correlation between VEGF expression, vascular endothelial proliferation and the grade
of malignancy. Oligodendrogliomas and the oligodendroglial component of mixed gliomas lacked immunoreactive VEGF, indicating
that endothelial growth factors other than VEGF may regulate tumor angiogenesis in these neoplasms. Western blot analysis
showed a predominant VEGF protein species of 23 kDa and confirmed the immunohistochemical data in all cases. Our findings
demonstrate that VEGF is expressed in a wide spectrum of brain tumors in which it may induce neovascularization. However,
other angiogenic factors also appear to contribute to the vascularization of CNS neoplasms.
Received: 18 April 1996 / Revised, accepted: 20 August 1996 相似文献
27.
Tadashi Nakazawa Yoshiyuki Takami Robert Benkowski Satoshi Ohtsubo Ohashi Yukio Eiki Tayama Goro Ohtsuka Yoshinari Niimi Julie Glueck Akinori Sueoka Helmut Schmallegger Heinrich Schima Ernst Wolner Yukihiko Nosé 《Artificial organs》1997,21(7):597-601
Abstract: To be able to salvage heart failure patients, the need for an economical permanent ventricular assist device is increasing. To meet this increasing demand, a miniaturized centrifugal blood pump has been developed as a permanently implantable device. The Gyro permanently implantable model (PI-601) incorporates a sealless design with a blood stagnation free structure. The pump impeller is magnetically coupled to the driver magnet in a sealless manner. This pump is atraumatic and antithrombogenic and incorporates a double pivot bearing system. A miniaturized actuator was utilized in this system in collaboration with the University of Vienna. The priming volume of this pump is 20 ml. The overall size of the pump actuator package is 53 mm in height and 65 mm in diameter, 145 ml of displacement volume, and 305 g in weight. Testing to date has included in vitro hydraulic performance and hemolysis. This pump can provide 5 L/min against a 110 mm Hg total pressure head at 2,000 rpm and 8 Limin against 150 mm Hg at 2,500 rpm. The normalized index of hemo-lysis (NIH) value of this pump was 0.0028 g/100 L at 5 Limin against 100 mm Hg. A preliminary anatomical study revealed the possibility of the implantability of 2 such systems in biventricular bypass at a preperitoneal location. This system is feasible for use as a permanently implantable biventricular assist device. 相似文献
28.
P物质及其受体在慢性胰腺炎组织的表达和临床意义 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
目的 了解P物质及其受体NK-1R在正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎中的表达,探讨它们与慢性胰腺炎时疼痛发生的关系。方法 25个慢性胰腺炎标本取自慢性胰腺炎手术,男性18例,女性7例,正常胰腺组织取自20个器官捐献者,男性11例,女性9例。应用实时定量逆转录整合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测正常胰腺和慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK-1R的mRNA水平,应用Western blot技术检测NK-1R的蛋白水平,应用免疫组织化学方法进行NK-1R的组织学定位。将P物质及其受体NK-1R mRNA水平与疼痛的程度,发作频率和病程进行分析,寻找其中的相关性。结果 与正常胰腺相比,慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK-1R mRNA和蛋白都过度表达,NK-1RmRNA水平与疼痛的程度,发作频率和病程明显相关。免疫组化检查显示,NK-1R的表达主要位于胰腺腺泡,胰腺导管,神经纤维和炎性细胞。结论 慢性胰腺炎组织中P物质和NK-1R的表达水平都明显上调,扰乱了神经激肽的作用环节,NK-1R的过度表达与疼痛发生有关。 相似文献
29.
Bernhard J. Connemann Heidrun Busche Jürgen Kreusch Helmut H. Wolff 《Skin research and technology》1996,2(1):40-48
Background/aims: Quantitative measurement of skin roughness has proved to be a valuable tool in the efficacy-control of external applications, but it suffers from not yielding easily comparable results. The most important sources of inter-observer variability are high-pass filters used to separate roughness and waviness, and low-pass filters which result from the finite resolution of the instrument or from the finite sampling interval of digital measurement. In the present study, the effects of high-pass filters and sampling intervals on the roughness measured were investigated. Methods: Dynamically focusing optical profilometry was used to measure the surfaces of negative replicas of healthy human skin. High-pass cut-off wavelengths and sampling intervals were varied systematically. Results/conclusions: Virtually unbiased estimates for the roughness parameters K, Sk, Rq, and Ra can be obtained using sampling intervals of 40 or even 80 μm. Regarding these roughness parameters, it is far better to do more scans than to shorten the sampling interval. The roughness parameters Rz, Rp, Rt, Rpm, Rmax, Pt, on the other hand are very sensitive to the influence of the sampling interval; to achieve satisfying estimates, the sampling interval should be no longer than 2 to 5 urn; as an important parameter’of the measurement, it is worthy of remark and should always be indicated. The way the mean square roughness Rq depends on the cut-off wavelength is not well described by the Sayles-Thomas-relation Rq~λc0.5. If the power-spectrum |h*(v)|2 approximates sufficiently to a power law, |h*(v)|2~vδ, a better estimate is given by Rq~λcγ with γ=-(δ+1)/2. In many cases, γ=1 or Rq~λc will suffice. 相似文献
30.
Helmut Schulte und Gerd Assmann 《Sozial- und Pr?ventivmedizin》1988,33(1):32-36
Zusammenfassung Die «Prospektive Cardiovascular Münster» (PROCAM)-Studie wird seit 1979 bei Betriebsangehörigen im Raum Westfalen durchgeführt. Bis zum Ende der Rekrutierungsphase (Jahresende 1985) haben 20060 Personen beiderlei Geschlechts von 17 bis 65 Jahren an der Untersuchung teilgenommen. Die Untersuchung zu Beginn der Beobachtungszeit umfasst eine Anamnese nach standardisiertem Fragebogen, die Messung von Blutdruck und anthropometrischen Grössen, ein EKG sowie eine Blutentnahme nach zwölfstündiger Nahrungskarenz.Bei einer Längsschnittauswertung von Männern im Alter von 40 bis 65 Jahren, die zu Beginn noch keinen Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall erlitten hatten und einheitlich vier Jahre nachbeobachtet wurden, traten 73 Herzinfarkte oder koronare Todesfälle innerhalb des Beobachtungszeitraumes auf, während 2681 Probanden ohne Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall den Zeitraum überlebten.Durch eine Hyper/Dyslipoproteinämie (Cholesterin > = 300 mg/dl oder Cholesterin und/oder Triglyzeride > = 200 mg/dl und gleichzeitig HDL-Cholesterin unter 35 mg/dl) sowie einer multiplen logistischen Funktion unter Berücksichtigung der Parameter Alter, HDL-Cholesterin, Cholesterin, systolischer Blutdruck sowie der ja-nein Merkmale Zigarettenrauchen, Diabetes melliutus, Herzinfarkt in der Familie und Angina pectoris gelang es, jeweils ein Risikokollektiv abzugrenzen, das bei einer Prävalenz von unter 20% über zwei Drittel aller Inzidenzen umfasste. Als bester prädiktiver Einzelparameter erwies sich das HDL-Cholesterin.
Results of the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study
Summary In the Prospective Cardiovascular Münster(PROCAM) study since 1979 employees have been examined for cardiovascular risk factors and held under observation for the onset of clinically significant signs of atherosclerosis (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary death). Until the end of recruitment (end of 1985) 20060 male and female employees aged 17–65 from 52 industrial companies in Westfalia have participated. The voluntary examination at the start of the observation period includes a standardised questionnaire, a physical examination, blood pressure measurements and an ECG. Blood samples are taken after an overnight fast.The data presented here describe the longitudinal evaluation of initially healthy men aged 40 to 65 who had suffered no myocardial infarction or stroke before the examination. In an uniform follow-up period of four years 73 myocardial infarctions and coronary deaths were observed while 2681 men had survived without myocardial infarction or stroke.By far the best single parameter for establishing a risk group was HDL cholesterol. Using the characteristic hyper/dyslipoproteinemia which means cholesterol > = 300mg/dl or HDL cholesterol < 35mg/dl combined with cholesterol > = 200mg/dl and/or triglyceride > = 200 mg/dl or a multiple logistic function including age. cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris and a family history of myocardial infarction patients at high risk for coronary heart disease could be identified. More than two thirds of new events happened in each of these high risk subgroups, which comprise less than 20 percent of men under consideration each.
Résultats de l'étude prospective de Münster (PROCAM)
Résumé Dans cette étude, les employés de différentes entreprises de Westphalie ont été examinés: environ 20000 personnes des deux sexes, âgées de 17 à 65 ans ont été recrutées pour cette étude (jusqu'à la fin de 1985). L'observation porte sur une anamnèse standardisée, sur la mesure de la pression sanguine et de différentes valeurs anthropométriques, un ECG et un examen sanguin suivant 12 heures de jeûne. Les données présentées ici concernent l'évaluation de la cohorte des hommes en bonne santé, âgés de 40 à 65 ans, qui n'avaient eu aucun accident cardiovasculaire avant le premier examen. Durant une période de suivi uniforme de 4 ans, 73 infarctus ou décès ont été observés, alors que 2681 hommes ont survécu. Le meilleur paramètre prédicteur pour établir un groupe à risque est, de loin, le cholestérol HDL. En utilisant les caractéristiques de l'hyper/ dyslipoprotéinémie (cholestérol > 300 mg/dl ou cholestérol HDL < 35 mg/dl, combiné avec un cholestérol > 200 mg/dl ou/et des triglycérides > 200 mg/dl) et une fonction de régression logistique multiple prenant en compte l'âge, le cholestérol HDL, le cholestérol, la pression systolique, le tabagisme, le diabète sucré, l'anamnèse familiale de coronaropathies, il est possible de caractériser un groupe à risque élevé: deux tiers des événements cardiovasculaires surviennent dans ce groupe, alors qu'ils ne concernent que 20% de la population masculine observés.相似文献