全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2961篇 |
免费 | 152篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 79篇 |
妇产科学 | 29篇 |
基础医学 | 523篇 |
口腔科学 | 59篇 |
临床医学 | 264篇 |
内科学 | 657篇 |
皮肤病学 | 80篇 |
神经病学 | 293篇 |
特种医学 | 175篇 |
外科学 | 379篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
预防医学 | 171篇 |
眼科学 | 33篇 |
药学 | 166篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 196篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 68篇 |
2020年 | 44篇 |
2019年 | 57篇 |
2018年 | 60篇 |
2017年 | 44篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 86篇 |
2014年 | 112篇 |
2013年 | 155篇 |
2012年 | 249篇 |
2011年 | 232篇 |
2010年 | 136篇 |
2009年 | 123篇 |
2008年 | 213篇 |
2007年 | 179篇 |
2006年 | 176篇 |
2005年 | 150篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 135篇 |
2002年 | 123篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1931年 | 4篇 |
1926年 | 6篇 |
1925年 | 6篇 |
1919年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有3130条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Andreas Machner Harry Merk Roland Becker Kerstin Rohkohl Heiko Wissel G za Pap 《Acta orthopaedica》2003,74(1):85-88
A proprioceptive deficit is an important determinant of disability in various shoulder disorders, such as instability and osteoarthrosis. In 15 patients with impingement syndrome stage II (Neer 1983), who were treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression, we measured movement sense by determining threshold levels for the perception of motion of the shoulder. The patients were placed in a specially designed chair allowing continuous passive motion of the shoulder joint, while avoiding cutaneous, auditory and visual stimuli. To assess movement detection thresholds, passive abduction movements of the shoulder were performed at a starting angle of 60°, an amplitude of 10° and an angular velocity of 1.3°/s. Before surgery, all patients had higher threshold levels for the perception of motion in their affected shoulders then in the other side. After decompression, proprioception had improved on the decompressed side, but was unchanged on the other side. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Preventive Effects of Escherichia coli Strain Nissle 1917 on Acute and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Two Different Murine Models of Colitis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Michael Schultz Ulrike G. Strauch Hans-J?rg Linde Sonja Watzl Florian Obermeier Claudia G?ttl Nadja Dunger Nicole Grunwald Jürgen Sch?lmerich Heiko C. Rath 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2004,11(2):372-378
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) is as effective in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis as is treatment with mesalazine. This study aims to evaluate murine models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation to study the antiinflammatory effect of EcN in vivo. Acute colitis was induced in mice with 2% dextran-sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. EcN was administered from day −2 to day +7. Chronic colitis was induced by transfer of CD4+ CD62L+ T lymphocytes from BALB/c mice in SCID mice. EcN was administered three times/week from week 1 to week 8 after cell transfer. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cytokine secretion (of gamma interferon [IFN-γ], interleukin 5 [IL-5], IL-6, and IL-10) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic sections of the colon were analyzed by using a score system ranging from 0 to 4. Intestinal contents and homogenized MLN were cultured, and the number of E. coli-like colonies was determined. EcN was identified by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR. EcN administration to DSS-treated mice reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, 32,477 ± 6,377 versus 9,734 ± 1,717 [P = 0.004]; IL-6, 231 ± 35 versus 121 ± 17 [P = 0.02]) but had no effect on the mucosal inflammation. In the chronic experimental colitis of the transfer model, EcN ameliorated the intestinal inflammation (histology score, 2.7 ± 0.2 versus 1.9 ± 0.3 [P = 0.02]) and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Translocation of EcN and resident E. coli into MLN was observed in the chronic colitis model but not in healthy controls. Administration of EcN ameliorated acute and chronic experimental colitis by modifying proinflammatory cytokine secretion but had no influence on the acute DSS-induced colitis. In this model, preexisting colitis was necessary for translocation of EcN and resident E. coli into MLN. 相似文献
15.
Lisa Werner Ernst Winkelmann Annelore Koglin J?rg Neser Heiko Rodewohl 《Anatomy and embryology》1989,180(6):583-597
Summary The morhological features of 298 neurons impregnated according to Golgi-Kopsch in areas 17 and 18 of Macaca mulatta were analyzed, and the same neurons were deimpregnated to visualize structural details of the somata in different types of neurons. The following cell types were investigated: Pyramidal and pyramid-like cells, spiny stellate cells, double bouquet cells, bipolar cells, chandelier cells, neurogliaform cells, basket and related cells. This procedure allows the evaluation of the nuclear-cytoplasmic proportion and the position of the nucleus besides shape and size of the cell body. Pyramidal and pyramid-like cells (N=43), spiny stellate cells (N=26), basket and related cells (N=126) are variable in these features. A positive correlation between soma size and width of the cytoplasm is found in pyramidal, pyramid-like cells and spiny stellate cells. With the exception of some large somata in both these types of neurons the nucleus is found in a central position. Double bouquet cells (N=6), bipolar cells (N=13) and chandelier cells (N=11) exhibit small cytoplasmic rims and centrally located nuclei. The small somata of neurogliaform cells (N=37), however, and the small to very large somata of basket and related cells show broad cytoplasmic portions surrounding the eccentrically located nuclei. These findings allow the identification of different neuronal types in Nisslstained sections on the basis of these soma features. This is a prerequisite for further detailed quantitative studies on the laminar distribution of different neuronal types in the visual cortex of the monkey. 相似文献
16.
Pernille Mathiesen Tørring Martin Jakob Larsen Charlotte Brasch-Andersen Lotte Nylandsted Krogh Maria Kibæk Lone Laulund Niels Illum Ulrike Dunkhase-Heinl Antje Wiesener Bernt Popp Giuseppe Marangi Tina Duelund Hjortshøj Jakob Ek Ida Vogel Naja Becher Laura Roos Marcella Zollino Christina Ringmann Fagerberg 《European journal of medical genetics》2019,62(2):129-136
Introduction
MED13L-related intellectual disability is characterized by moderate intellectual disability (ID), speech impairment, and dysmorphic facial features. We present 8 patients with MED13L-related intellectual disability and review the literature for phenotypical and genetic aspects of previously described patients.Materials and methods
In the search for genetic aberrations in individuals with ID, two of the patients were identified by chromosomal microarray analysis, and five by exome sequencing. One of the individuals, suspected of MED13L-related intellectual disability, based on clinical features, was identified by Sanger sequencing.Results
All 8 individuals had de novo MED13L aberrations, including two intragenic microdeletions, two frameshift, three nonsense variants, and one missense variant. Phenotypically, they all had intellectual disability, speech and motor delay, and features of the mouth (open mouth appearance, macroglossia, and/or macrostomia). Two individuals were diagnosed with autism, and one had autistic features. One had complex congenital heart defect, and one had persistent foramen ovale. The literature was reviewed with respect to clinical and dysmorphic features, and genetic aberrations.Conclusions
Even if most clinical features of MED13L-related intellectual disability are rather non-specific, the syndrome may be suspected in some individuals based on the association of developmental delay, speech impairment, bulbous nasal tip, and macroglossia, macrostomia, or open mouth appearance. 相似文献17.
Juha Lindner Lüdya Karalar Sven Schimanski Heiko Pfister Wilhelm Struff Susanne Modrow 《Journal of clinical virology》2008,43(4):391-395
Human bocavirus was recently described as a novel member of the Parvoviridae to infect humans. Based on accumulating clinical and epidemiological data the virus is currently being associated with respiratory infections in young children and infants and is furthermore discussed as causative agent of gastrointestinal illness. 相似文献
18.
Only target-conformal treatment allows one to exploit the advantages of ion beams (the increased dose and high biological efficiency at the end of the particle range) to a maximum extent. Up to now, target-conformal treatments such as spot scanning or intensity-controlled raster scanning have used fast magnetic lateral deflection in one or two directions perpendicular to the beam axis and a slow range variation in the longitudinal axis by active or passive energy variation. The present paper describes a new method for conformal irradiation with a fast intensity-controlled longitudinal scan in the beam direction, called 'depth scanning'. Its advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. First experimental results from depth scanning will be presented. 相似文献
19.
Stefanie Kreutmair Susanne Unger Nicolás Gonzalo Núñez Florian Ingelfinger Chiara Alberti Donatella De Feo Sinduya Krishnarajah Manuel Kauffmann Ekaterina Friebel Sepideh Babaei Benjamin Gaborit Mirjam Lutz Nicole Puertas Jurado Nisar P. Malek Siri Goepel Peter Rosenberger Helene A. Häberle Ikram Ayoub Burkhard Becher 《Immunity》2021,54(7):1578-1593.e5
- Download : Download high-res image (233KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
20.
Genetic ablation of FLRT3 reveals a novel morphogenetic function for the anterior visceral endoderm in suppressing mesoderm differentiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joaquim Egea Christian Erlacher Eloi Montanez Ingo Burtscher Satoru Yamagishi Martin Heß Falko Hampel Rodrigo Sanchez Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Manzaneque Michael R. Bsl Reinhard Fssler Heiko Lickert Rüdiger Klein 《Genes & development》2008,22(23):3349-3362
During early mouse development, the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) secretes inhibitor and activator signals that are essential for establishing the anterior–posterior (AP) axis of the embryo and for restricting mesoderm formation to the posterior epiblast in the primitive streak (PS) region. Here we show that AVE cells have an additional morphogenetic function. These cells express the transmembrane protein FLRT3. Genetic ablation of FLRT3 did not affect the signaling functions of the AVE according to the normal expression pattern of Nodal and Wnt and the establishment of a proper AP patterning in the epiblast. However, FLRT3−/− embryos showed a highly disorganized basement membrane (BM) in the AVE region. Subsequently, adjacent anterior epiblast cells displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process characterized by the loss of cell polarity, cell ingression, and the up-regulation of the EMT and the mesodermal marker genes Eomes, Brachyury/T, and FGF8. These results suggest that the AVE acts as a morphogenetic boundary to prevent EMT and mesoderm induction in the anterior epiblast by maintaining the integrity of the BM. We propose that this novel function cooperates with the signaling activities of the AVE to restrict EMT and mesoderm induction to the posterior epiblast. 相似文献