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A Hay 《Trends in pharmacological sciences》1992,13(6):233-235
The experience of writing for a wider audience has benefits and drawbacks. Attempting to make scientific issues more accessible to non-scientists is no easier than explaining them to peers. Indeed, explaining toxicological data such as solvent measurements from a hazardous waste site can be even more difficult, especially in addressing those living next to the site. Alastair Hay reconsiders his experience in two cases that brought toxicology under public scrutiny. 相似文献
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The histopathological and electron microscopic features of experimental dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton quinckeanum in Balb/c mice have been studied in animals with primary, secondary and chronic infections. Infected animals all showed pathological changes with adherence of microconidia to keratinocytes within 4 h of infection. Other features were the early infiltration of neutrophils, the formation of a mycelial mass (scutulum) in the epidermis, and epidermal oedema. Increased thickness of the epidermis was measured within 3 days of infection, although this was mainly due to oedema. The main differences seen in secondary infections were the paucity of fungal elements, even after 24 h, a sustained increase in epidermal thickness, and the dense dermal infiltrate of mononuclear cells. Chronically infected animals showed similar changes to those at the peak of a primary infection, but in addition there were large numbers of mast cells in the dermis. Cells carrying Ia markers were identified in the epidermis (Langerhans cells) and the dermis (macrophages) in all infections and their distribution did not appear to change. Although recovery from infection has been correlated previously with T lymphocyte mediated responses an increase in the number of cell layers of the epidermis and a dense infiltrate of neutrophils at the zone of infection were both seen within 2 days of infection. It is suggested that neutrophil killing of fungi and increased epidermal proliferation, not dependent on T cell activation, may also be implicated in host defence against dermatophytes. 相似文献
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Acquired syphilis in adults. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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P Iranzo MM Alsina I Martínez-De Pablo S Segura JM Mascaró C Herrero 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2007,21(7):902-907
BACKGROUND: The mainstay of treatment for pemphigus is systemic corticosteroids. Different adjuvants have been used to reduce side-effects of long-term corticotherapy. Gold is an anti-inflammatory drug used in autoimmune diseases, whose use has waned with the advent of new immunosuppressive agents. OBJECTIVE: To study the outcome of the use of intramuscular gold treatment of pemphigus vulgaris refractory to previous therapies. METHODS: Thirteen patients with pemphigus vulgaris who had failed to respond to several prior therapies were treated with aurothiomalate, as a steroid-sparing agent. Patients were monitored to assess disease activity and gold toxicity. RESULTS: Seven patients achieved complete remission. Four patients were able to taper prednisone doses, although pemphigus flared when prednisone was discontinued or reduced. Toxicity was observed in the other two patients. CONCLUSIONS: In 53.4% of the patients, the use of chrysotherapy resulted in the complete clearing of the disease, discontinuation of all systemic therapies and induced a long-term clinical remission. Prednisone doses were able to be reduced in the remaining 46.6%. Any side-effects were reversible with drug discontinuation. Gold therapy showed efficacy as a secondary line treatment in refractory pemphigus vulgaris. 相似文献
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Andres A; Morales JM; Praga M; Campo C; Lahera V; Garcia-Robles R; Rodicio JL; Ruilope LM 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1997,12(7):1437-1440
BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin has been shown to facilitate renal vasoconstriction
and to have an antinatriuretic effect. The existence of an interference of
cyclosporin with the vasodilating properties of endothelium mediated by
nitric oxide production could mediate these effects. On the other hand, the
infusion of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine has been shown to induce
renal vasodilatation and to facilitate natriuresis in normal volunteers. We
have investigated the renal effects of the administration of an infusion of
L-arginine in renal transplant patients chronically treated with
cyclosporin. To facilitate the analysis of the data the effects of the
administration of a similar dose of cyclosporin on renal function during
the infusion of a vehicle were also investigated during the administration
of a vehicle of L-arginine. DESIGN: Ten male renal transplant patients,
chronically treated with cyclosporin and with a stable renal function were
studied during 2 consecutive days after the administration of the usual
morning dose of cyclosporin. The first day they received an intravenous
infusion of vehicle and the second the infusion of graded doses of
L-arginine (50, 100, 150 mg/kg/h) during 3 consecutive h. RESULTS: The
first day, after cyclosporin administration a significant fall (P <
0.01) was observed in natriuresis and kaliuresis in the absence of changes
in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. After the
administration of L-arginine significant (P < 0.01) increases of renal
plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, and natriuresis were seen. The
increase in blood levels of cyclosporin after its administration did not
differ between days 1 and 2. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that
L-arginine facilitates renal vasodilatation and natriuresis in renal
transplant patients. Furthermore, the observed increase in sodium excretion
could indicate that L-arginine counteracts the antinatriuretic effect of
cyclosporin.
相似文献
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