应用荧光原位杂交技术分析乳糖不耐受者结肠菌群

目的 :　探讨结肠菌群构成与乳糖不耐受 (lactose intolerance,LI)症状之间的关系 ,以及饮奶对结肠双歧杆菌数量的影响。方法 :　根据乳糖负荷试验 ,结合问卷调查筛选成人乳糖吸收不良者、轻度及重度乳糖不耐受者作为试验对象。收集受试者一次新鲜全便 ,选用 5种特异性的 1 6S r RNA寡核苷酸探针 ,应用荧光原位杂交技术检测结肠细菌总数以及几种主要菌属 (种 )的构成。结果 :　乳糖不耐受组与吸收不良组相比 ,细菌总数和双歧杆菌数有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5) ,细菌总数与乳糖不耐受症状评分之间呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5) ;每次饮奶以平均 2 0 0 ml计 5～ 7次 / w饮奶组与 0～ 2次 / w饮奶组或 0次 / w饮奶组相比 ,双歧杆菌数量显著增高 (P<0 .0 5)。结论 :　结肠细菌总数和双歧杆菌数可能与 LI症状的产生有关 ,同时饮奶习惯可能对双歧杆菌数量有潜在影响。     

Clinical and health status measures over time: prognosis and outcome assessment in rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied clinical and health status measures in 561 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two hundred sixty-four patients were seen within 2 years of disease onset and followed for an additional 2 years. Four other groups were each followed for 5 years, and had disease durations of 2-7, 7-12, 12-17, and 17-22 years, respectively, at the first clinic visit. Functional disability developed very early in the course of RA and continued to worsen at about an equal rate over 22 years. Anxiety, pain scores, and self-assessed severity also increased with time, but erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), morning stiffness, and joint counts were unchanged. Treatment resulted in reduction in joint counts and in nonsignificant improvements in ESR, stiffness, and psychological scores. But functional loss increased in each time period in spite of treatment. Variables most effective in controlled clinical trials are not effective as longterm measures of RA outcome.     

Concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell cancer of the lung. Report of a clinical trial and review of the literature.

A prospective nonrandomized phase II study was begun in 1985 using concurrent split-course radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell cancer of the lung. Patients were treated with 3,000 cGy of radiation in 15 fractions to the chest, together with 100 mg/m2 cisplatin on day 1 and 1,000 mg/m2/day 5-fluorouracil infusion on days 1-4. The radiation and chemotherapy were then repeated after a 1-week break. Twenty-one patients were treated, with five patients having a complete response and nine patients having a partial response for an overall response rate of 67%. With a minimum of 24 months follow-up, five patients remain alive. Median survival for the entire group is 11.6 months. The toxicity of the treatment regimen was acceptable. These results do not differ significantly from survivals of similar patients treated with radiation alone, including a series from our own institution. The literature on concurrent chemotherapy and radiation is reviewed and possible future approaches to this tumor are discussed.     

Are the results of controlled clinical trials and observational studies of second line therapy in rheumatoid arthritis valid and generalizable as measures of rheumatoid arthritis outcome: analysis of 122 studies

We studied 122 controlled clinical trials and observational studies of second line therapy that involved 16,071 patients. The mean disease duration was 7.61 years at study entry. Controlled clinical trials were inherently short term, and 90.5% of patients were followed for 1 year or less (mean 8.8 months). The mean followup of observational studies was 31 months. Outcome assessments that included functional measurements were rare in either study type, as were considerations of socioeconomic factors. Except for methotrexate, which was used longer, half of the studies indicated discontinuation of therapy after 1.5 years. Good retention rates in studies of 3 to 12 months were not representative of longterm results, but controlled clinical trials and observational studies were similar as to retention during the first treatment year. Observational studies following controlled clinical trials can yield important information about RA treatment effectiveness not available from controlled clinical trials alone.     

Regulation of a metallothionein-rasT24 fusion gene by zinc results in graded alterations in cell morphology and growth

We constructed fusion genes consisting of the mouse metallothionein I (MT) 5' region and the coding region of either the human H-ras gene (c-rasP3) or a mutated allele (c-rasT24); both ras genes lacked the initial (non-coding) exon and the first 30 bp of the non-coding region of the second exon. Transfection of Rat-1 cells produced foci only with pMT-rasT24, and selection in soft agar yielded clones in which MT-rasT24 expression was zinc-regulatable. In response to increasing concentrations of ZnSO4, these lines showed increasingly altered morphology (conversion to fusiform or spheroidal morphology), progressively higher maximal cell density, and an increasingly greater fraction of cells in the S + G2 + M portion of the cell cycle at high density. MT-rasT24 RNA levels in zinc-responsive lines were increased between 4- and 6-fold by the addition of ZnSO4 (final concentration = 100 microM) to the medium. Replating cells in the absence of zinc reversed the biological effects and resulted in reduction in MT-rasT24 RNA levels. Thus, graded alterations in phenotype result from increasing levels of MT-rasT24 gene expression.