婴儿维生素A慢性中毒一例

患儿男,１０个月。因双眼凝视２天于１９９８年３月２９日来我院就诊。追问病史,患儿自２个半月前开始服用浓鱼肝油滴剂,每日３次,每次维生素Ａ３．５万ＩＵ,服用２个月后,患儿逐渐出现食纳减退、精神萎靡、烦躁、易激惹、口唇皲裂、前囟隆起等症状。既往体健,无感染及高热惊厥史。体检：体温３７．６℃,发育正常,营养中等。精神差,表情淡漠,头发稀少,口唇皲裂、结痂,前囟隆起,心肺腹正常,神经系统正常。眼部检查：双眼向内凝视,视乳头边缘模糊。Ｂ超、ＣＴ提示脑积水,颅内压增高。诊断：维生素Ａ慢性中毒。立即停用维生素…     

下斜肌转位术治疗分离性垂直偏斜

分离性垂直偏斜（简称DVD）亦称上隐斜。该病病因不清,治疗方法亦各不相同,临床较多采用上直肌减弱术。下斜肌止端转位术是KratZ1989年报道的一种新的DVD矫正术。近三年我们采用上直肌后徙术及下斜肌止端转位术治疗DVD,取得较好疗效。现报告如下,l临床资料11对象本组16例,年龄7一月岁,男6例,女10例,合并内斜9例,合并外斜5例,Helveston综合征2例。患者术前均行视力、屈光状态、眼位、注视性质、眼底、三棱镜及同视机检查。1．2手术设计及效果DVD手术定量主要根据第一眼位用交替遮盖试验测量最大斜视程度来决定,一般在Drp影…     

The biology of fracture healing: optimising outcome

Optimising the results of fracture treatment requires a holistic view of both patients and treatment. The nature of the patient determines the priority targets for outcome, which differ widely between the elderly and the young, and between the victims of high and low energy trauma. The efficacy of treatment depends on the overall process of care and rehabilitation as well as the strategy adopted to achieve bone healing. The rational basis for fracture treatment is the interaction between three elements: (i) the cell biology of bone regeneration; (ii) the revascularisation of devitalized bone and soft tissue adjacent to the fracture; and (iii) the mechanical environment of the fracture. The development of systems for early fracture stabilisation has been an advance. However, narrow thinking centred only on the restoration of mechanical integrity leads to poor strategy--the aim is to optimise the environment for bone healing. Future advances may come from the adjuvant use of molecular stimuli to bone regeneration.     

Early and delayed cardioprotection by heat stress is mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide

Brief ischaemia or heat stress protects the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Heat stimulus evokes release of sensory nerve transmitters, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Since CGRP has been shown to play an important role in the mediation of ischaemic preconditioning, the present study examined whether early or delayed preconditioning induced by retrograde hyperthermic perfusion in vitro or by whole-body hyperthemia in vivo also involves endogenous CGRP. Isolated rat hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode and subjected to 30 min global ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion. Heart rate, coronary flow, left ventricular pressure and its first derivatives (±dp/dt) were recorded and the CGRP-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) content and the release of creatine kinase (CK) during reperfusion were measured. Retrograde hyperthermic perfusion (42 °C) for 5 min improved the recovery of cardiac function, decreased the release of CK and elevated the content of CGRP-LI in the coronary effluent. CGRP_8–37 (10^–7 mol/l), a selective CGRP receptor antagonist, abolished the cardioprotection by heat stress. Pretreatment with capsaicin (50 mg/kg s.c.), which specifically depletes sensory nerve transmitter content, abolished both the cardioprotection and the increased release of CGRP-LI. Whole-body hyperthermia (42 °C for 15 min) caused an increase in the plasma concentration of CGRP-LI. Early or delayed protection was shown in the hearts obtained from the animals subjected to whole-body hyperthermia 10 min or 48 h before the experiments. The early or delayed protection by heat stress was also abolished by pretreatment with capsaicin. The present study suggests that, in the rat, the early and delayed cardioprotection induced by heat stress involves endogenous CGRP. Received: 31 December 1998 / Accepted: 6 April 1999     

Retigabine N-glucuronidation and its potential role in enterohepatic circulation.

The metabolism of retigabine in humans and dogs is dominated by N-glucuronidation (), whereas in rats, a multitude of metabolites of this new anticonvulsant is observed (). The comparison of the in vivo and in vitro kinetics of retigabine N-glucuronidation in these species identified a constant ratio between retigabine and retigabine N-glucuronide in vivo in humans and dog. An enterohepatic circulation of retigabine in these species is likely to be the result of reversible glucuronidation-deglucuronidation reactions. Rats did not show such a phenomenon, indicating that enterohepatic circulation of retigabine via retigabine N-glucuronide does not occur in this species. In the rat, 90% of retigabine N-glucuronidation is catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)1A1 and UGT1A2, whereas family 2 UGT enzymes contribute also. Of ten recombinant human UGTs, only UGTs 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, and 1A9 catalyzed the N-glucuronidation of retigabine. From the known substrate specificities of UGT1A4 toward lamotrigine and bilirubin and our activity and inhibition data, we conclude that UGT1A4 is a major retigabine N-glucuronosyl transferase in vivo and significantly contributes to the enterohepatic cycling of the drug.     

康乐霉素C与环孢素对小鼠免疫抑制作用的比较

AIM: To study inhibitory effects of kanglemycin C (Kan) on the mouse immune system, and compare with the effects of ciclosporin (Cic). METHODS: Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and cyclophosphamide-potentiated DH induced by dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB); heart allograft and skin allograft; hemolysin; the phagocytosis of the peritoneal macrophage. RESULTS: Kan (12.5, 25, 50 mg.kg-1.d-1, ig, 8 d) markedly inhibited DH and cyclophosphamide-potentiated DH induced by DNFB (P < 0.01), prolonged survival times of heart and skin allografts (P < 0.01), and decreased the content of hemolysin (P < 0.01), but had no significant effect on the neutral-red phagocytosis of the peritoneal macrophage (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Kan had marked suppressive effects on cell-mediated and humoral-mediated immune responses, but no effect on phagocytosis of macrophage.     

促皮质素对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素的影响

目的：研究促皮质素（Ｃｏｒ）对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素及其合成的影响,方法：采用免疫组织化学,免疫组织化学双重染色法和原位杂交技术。结果：足底注射甲醛使大鼠脊髓背角内ＦＬＩ,ＳｏｍＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ神经元数均对较对照组显著增多,单独ｉｐＣｏｒ对脊髓背角ＦＬＩ和Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ无明显影响。但是,ｉｐＣｏｒ显著抑制甲醛引起的背角内ＦＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰ     

左旋四氢巴马汀对单个豚鼠心室肌细胞钙电流的阻滞作用

AIM: To study the effect of l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) on L-type calcium channel. METHODS: Patch clamp technique (whole cell recording) was used to record L-Ca2+ current in single cardiac myocyte. RESULTS: 1) l-THP 1, 10, and 100 micromol.L-1 reduced ICa-max from (999 +/- 93) pA to (700 +/- 111) pA, (582 +/- 66) pA, and (420 +/- 112) pA (n = 6, P < 0.01), respectively. 2) l-THP reduced the voltage at half-maximal inactivation (V1/2) of L-Ca2+ channel to more negative potentials by 9 mV (n = 5, P < 0.05). 3) l-THP caused both tonic and use-dependent reduction of Ca2+ current. Tonic block of l-THP on Ca2+ current was 46% +/- 8% (n = 6, P < 0.01). The degree of use dependent blocking was 13.5% +/- 2.4% (n = 6, P < 0.05) at 1 Hz, the degree increased to 44% +/- 5% (n = 6, P < 0.01) at 3 Hz. 4) l-THP delayed half-recovery time of Ca2+ channel recovery from inactivity from (94 +/- 39) ms to (170 +/- 42) ms(n = 6, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: l-THP has a moderate inhibitory effect on L-Ca2+ current.     

The eyes of transforming growth factor-sZ1 (TGF-sZ1) transgenic mice Morphology and the development of endotoxin-induced uveitis

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFsZ) is a potent regulator of cellular growth and immune function. The authors studied ocular histology and endotoxin-induced uveitis in a TGF-sZ(1) transgenic (Tg) murine model. TGF-sZ(1) Tg mice were generated by micro injecting a gene constructed by fusing the mouse albumin enhancer/promoter and porcine TGF-sZ(1) cDNA. The eyes of Tg mice from two to 14 weeks of age were studied histologically. Tg mice, two to five weeks of age exhibited mild fragmentation of the lens fibers and retinal edema. No pathology was found from six to ten weeks of age, however, a progressive increased frequency of cataract was observed from 11 to 14 weeks of age. Plasma TGF-sZ(1) levels were much higher in Tg mice than age-matched wild type control littermates (wt). Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in six-to eight-week-old Tg and wt mice was induced by footpad injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice were euthanized 24 hr after LPS injection, the eyes were collected for histology and serum assayed for IL-6 and TGF-sZ(1). There was a decrease in the mean numbers of infiltrating cells in Tg mice compared to wt mice. Serum IL-6 and TGF-sZ(1) were much higher in Tg mice. The authors concluded that expression of the TGF-sZ(1) transgene in the eyes may have effect on lens growth. Overexpression of TGF-sZ(1) results in little or no effect on the development of EIU.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes in breast cancer

A number of genes differentially expressed in breast cancer were isolated using a subtractive cloning technique. DNA sequence analysis and GenBank searches of T4F10, T2H7, and T2E5 cDNA clones found them to be identical with E2A, MSS1, and SEC13R genes. Their expression in a variety of primary breast tumor and cancer cell lines was compared with c-ERB-B2 and pS2 by Northern blot analysis. In breast cancer cell lines, the genes that we isolated are more frequently expressed than the previously described c-ERB-B2 and pS2.