互补式术前访视对手术患者心理状态及满意度的影响

目的 探讨互补式访视对手术患者围手术期心理状态及满意度的影响.方法 将300例择期全麻手术患者分为试验组和对照组,各150例,对照组行常规术前访视;试验组患者进行互补式术前访视.比较2组患者血压、心率、焦虑、抑郁评分变化并进行满意度调查.结果 试验组入手术室10 min血压、心率、焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组术后满意度评价满意高于对照组(P ＜0.05).结论 互补式术前访视可以稳定围术期患者的心理状态,促进患者的主动配合,能够有效保持其血压、心率稳定,提高手术安全性和病人满意度.     

Validity of cardiometabolic index,lipid accumulation product,and body adiposity index in predicting the risk of hypertension in Chinese population

Objectives: Adiposity, defined by higher cardiometabolic index (CMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and body adiposity index (BAI), has conferred increased metabolic risk. However, the incremental utility of CMI, LAP, and BAI in association with prevalent hypertension has not been well described in a population-based setting. We hypothesized that CMI, LAP, and BAI would provide important insight into hypertension risk.

Methods: Blood pressure (BP), fasting lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters were recorded in a cross-sectional study of 11,400 participants (mean age, 54 years; 53% women) from China. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations of CMI, LAP, and BAI with prevalent hypertension.

BAI was evaluated according to hip (cm)/[height (m)^1.5]-18; LAP was calculated separately for men [(WC-65) × TG] and women [(WC-58) × TG]; and CMI was defined by TG/HDL-C × waist-to-height ratio.

Results: CMI, LAP, and BAI were independently correlated with higher SBP and DBP, with nonstandardized (B) coefficients ranging from 1.827 to 4.590 mmHg and 1.475 to 2.210 mmHg (all P < 0.001). After adjustment for hypertension risk factors and potential confounders, CMI, LAP, and BAI, modeled as continuous measures, carried hypertension odds (95% CI) of 1.356 (1.259–1.459), 1.631 (1.501–1.771), and 1.555 (1.454–1.662) in women, respectively, per SD increment. In men, each SD increase in CMI, LAP, and BAI experienced a 31%, 65%, and 53% higher hypertension risk, respectively. Moreover, among women, the odds ratio (95% CI) for hypertension were 2.318 (1.956–2.745), 3.548 (2.985–4.217), and 3.004 (2.537–3.557) in the 4th quartile vs the first quartile of CMI, LAP, and BAI, respectively. For men, the corresponding figures were 2.200 (1.838–2.635), 3.892 (3.238–4.677), and 3.288 (2.754–3.927), respectively.

Conclusion: Measurements of CMI, LAP, and BAI provide a more complete understanding of hypertension risk related to variation in body fat distribution and pinpoint hypertensive participants in great risk of cardiovascular disease in the future.     

Dkk-1及Bcl-2蛋白在人鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨Dickkopf-1(DKK-1)及B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2 (B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 ,Bcl-2)蛋白在人鼻腔、鼻窦鳞状细胞癌(SNSCC)中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法及Western blot技术分别检测30例SNSCC(SNSCC组) ,38例鼻腔、鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤(SNIP组)以及20例中鼻甲黏膜组织(对照组)中DKK-1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达情况.结果与SNIP组及对照组比较 ,DKK-1蛋白在SNSCC组中的表达明显下调 ,Bcl-2蛋白在SNSCC组中的表达明显上调 ;在SNSCC组中 ,DKK-1及Bcl-2蛋白在高、中分化与低分化组中的阳性表达率分别为 100 .00% 、68 .75% 、33 .33% 及 50 .00% 、62 .50% 、100 .00% ,均差异有统计学意义(P＜0 .05).结论 DKK-1蛋白可能在SNSCC的发生和发展过程中起着重要的促进作用 ,且与Bcl-2蛋白呈负相关 ,DKK-1蛋白可能成为SNSCC基因治疗的新靶点.     

不同麻醉方式对全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓发生率的影响

目的研究不同麻醉方式对全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓发生率的影响。方法从2013年4月到2014年1月,选取我院的96例全膝关节置换术的患者进行回顾性分析,将其分为两组,其中观察组52例患者,术前采取硬膜外麻醉,对照组44例患者,术前采取全麻方式进行麻醉,分析对比比较两组患者术后深静脉血栓的发生情况。结果观察组患者的血小板和纤维蛋白原含量均低于对照组患者,而凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间均较对照组延长,差异均有统计学意义(\P0.05);观察组患者深静脉血栓的发生率显著低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在手术时间、体质量指数、麻醉时间、术中出血方面两组患者差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采取硬膜外麻醉能有效的降低全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓的发生率。     

重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD的纯化及鉴定

目的从重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD毕赤酵母发酵液中分离纯化出抗菌肽纯品,并对其进行纯度、分子量和抗菌作用的鉴定。方法用离子交换和疏水层析法对发酵液中的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD进行分离纯化,用高效液相色谱法分析产物的纯度,再用基质辅助激光解析—飞行时间质谱仪对产物进行分子量鉴定,并结合传统微量肉汤稀释法和流式细胞术分析重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD纯品对E.coli敏感株及耐药株的抗菌作用。结果重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD经离子交换和疏水层析纯化后的纯度达到98.40%,分子量为4068.15Da,与所设计的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD大小相近。所纯化出的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD对E.coli的敏感株ATCC25922和产β-内酰胺酶耐药株株ATCC35218的抗菌作用均为MIC 8μg/m L,而头孢他啶和氨苄西林对耐药株ATCC35218的MIC的值分别为8μg/m L和>32μg/m L。结论成功纯化分离出具有自主知识产权的重组柞蚕抗菌肽AD,其对E.coli敏感株和耐药株具有相同的抗菌效果。     

Erythromycin versus metoclopramide for post-pyloric spiral nasoenteric tube placement: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Purpose

To determine whether erythromycin is non-inferior to metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of self-propelled spiral nasoenteric tubes (NETs) in critically ill patients.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel, and non-inferiority randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing erythromycin with metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) of eight tertiary hospitals in China. The primary outcome was procedure success defined as post-pyloric placement (spiral NETs reached the first portion of the duodenum or beyond confirmed by abdominal radiography 24 h after tube insertion).

Results

A total of 5688 patients were admitted to the ICUs. Of these, in 355 patients there was a plan to insert a nasoenteric feeding tube, of whom 332 were randomized, with 167 patients assigned to the erythromycin group and 165 patients assigned to the metoclopramide group. The success rate of post-pyloric placement was 57.5% (96/167) in the erythromycin group, as compared with 50.3% (83/165) in the metoclopramide group (a difference of 7.2%, 95% CI ??3.5% to 17.9%), in the intention-to-treat analysis, not including the prespecified margin of ??10% for non-inferiority. The success rates of post-D1 (reaching the second portion of the duodenum or beyond), post-D2 (reaching the third portion of the duodenum or beyond), post-D3 (reaching the fourth portion of the duodenum or beyond), and proximal jejunum placement and the incidence of any adverse events were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions

Erythromycin is non-inferior to metoclopramide in facilitating post-pyloric placement of spiral NETs in critically ill patients. The success rates of post-D1, post-D2, post-D3, and proximal jejunum placement were not significantly different.

     

血液回收技术对婴幼儿心脏外科术后临床结果的影响

目的评价心脏矫治术期间使用血液回收(CS)技术处理回输术中出血及体外循环(CPB)管路余血对心脏外科患儿节约用血的意义和对临床结果的影响。方法根据术中是否使用CS,将100例在CPB下行先天性心脏病矫治术的患儿随机分为两组:洗血球组(CS组,n=50)和对照组(CON组,n=50)。记录两组患儿围术期红细胞比容(Hct),术后输入洗涤红细胞(RBCs)、血浆及血小板量,术后肝肾功能,术后24 h胸腔引流量,升压药使用时间和机械通气时间、ICU时间和住院时间,并进行统计学分析。结果两组患儿均痊愈出院。术后输入库血量及术后输血率CS组均明显低于CON组(P<0.05)。术后升压药使用时间CS组明显低于CON组(P<0.05)。两组患儿其余指标及术后恢复情况无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论对先天性心脏病婴幼儿手术期间使用CS处理术中出血和CPB管路余血可以明显减少术后输血量以及输血患儿的比率,达到节约用血的目的。     

钙改性NiO/ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2吸附剂反应吸附脱硫效果

通过浸渍沉淀法制备了钙改性NiO/ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂汽油脱硫吸附剂,并与S-Zorb工业吸附剂进行比较。物理性质分析、X射线衍射和原位吡啶吸附红外光谱表征结果表明,钙改性NiO/ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂吸附剂比表面积为137.7 m²/g,孔容为0.31 cm³/g,NiO及ZnO晶体分布均匀且L酸总量更多。在420℃、2.9 MPa、质量空速10.98 h^-1、氢油体积比48:1的条件下,催化裂化汽油中的硫含量从243.38 μg/g降至10 μg/g以下,汽油辛烷值仅降低0.3;新鲜和再生吸附剂穿透硫容分别可达57.12 mg/g及47.33 mg/g,经过长周期再生循环后脱硫性能保持优良。同时,物理性质分析、光电子能谱等表征结果表明失活吸附剂再生后效果明显改善,汽油中硫元素最终被ZnO吸附生成ZnS。     

Longer time spent in bed attempting to sleep is associated with rapid renal function decline: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study

Introduction: Prospective evidence on the relation between time in bed and renal dysfunction remains limited. We aimed to investigate the association of time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) with renal function decline in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.

Methods: About 16,733 eligible participants with a mean age of 62.3 years at baseline were included. Rapid renal function decline was defined as (baseline eGFR???revisit eGFR)/years of follow-up ≥5?mL/min per 1.73 m²/year. A total of 1738 study participants experienced rapid renal function decline after a median 4.6-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses.

Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of rapid renal function decline was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37) for TSBS ≥9?h/night compared with TSBS 7 to <8?h/night. This association remained significant (OR?=?1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) after further adjustment for sleep quality, midday napping and usage of sleeping pills. Particularly, the association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

Conclusions: Longer TSBS (≥9?h) was independently associated with an increased risk of rapid renal function decline. Our findings emphasized the importance to have optimal TSBS.

• Key messages

• Our study firstly investigated the association between time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) and renal dysfunction in Chinese adults.

• Compared with individuals TSBS 7 to <8?h, individuals with TSBS ≥9?h had 19% increased risk for rapid renal function decline after adjustment for multivariate confounders.

• The association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

     

Polymorphism,phase transformation and energetic properties of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole

We report the preparation, analysis, and phase transformation behavior of polymorphs of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole. The compound crystallizes in two different polymorphic forms, Form I (tetragonal, P4₁2₁2) and Form II (monoclinic, P2₁/c). Analysis of the polymorphs has been investigated using microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, in situ variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. On heating, Form II converts into Form I irreversibly, and on further heating, decomposition is observed. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that Form II transforms to Form I above 98 °C, indicating that Form I is more stable than Form II at high temperature. Form II of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole has good detonation properties (V_det = 8213 m s⁻¹, P_C–J = 27.45 GPa), and low sensitivity (IS > 40 J, FS = 360 N, ESD = 29 J), which make it a competitive candidate for use as a new insensitive explosive.

On heating, Form II converts into Form I irreversibly, which indicates Form I is more stable at higher temperatures.