医院图书馆员继续教育若干问题研究

在分析医院图书馆员继续教育的核心内容和主要形式的基础上,作者探讨了医院图书馆员继续教育的途径。     

显性遗传性聋─大家系研究

本文报告江苏省淮阴县运南地区方氏家族六代６８３人的系谱、皮纹学、染色体和ＡＢＯ血型等遗传学方法的调查与检测，确定属常染色体显性遗传性聋患者１３７例。经检索这是我国首例显性遗传性聋大家系，亦是国际上的第三例聋人大家系的报告。     

Movement disorders in encephalitis induced by Rhodococcus aurantiacus infection relieved by the administration of L-dopa and anti-T-cell antibodies

Mice injected with Rhodococcus aurantiacus by the intravenous (i.v.) route show neurological disorders, hemiparesis, vertical headshake and turn-round gait after day 7 postinfection (p.i.). Neurological symptoms caused by i.v. inoculation of R. aurantiacus were relieved by treatment with levodopa (l-dopa). R. aurantiacus was isolated from the brain and was found to be completely eliminated at day 7 p. i. Focal encephalitis was mainly observed in the brain stem, and T cells could be isolated from the brain after day 7 p.i. Administration of both an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an anti-CD8 mAb suppressed neurological symptoms. These results suggest that R. aurantiacus induces movement disorders in mice, and that the symptoms are mediated by T cells infiltrating the brain, rather than directly by the bacterium.     

Preparation of ceramic microspheres for in situ radiotherapy of deep-seated cancer

Radiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancers. However, external irradiation provides only small doses to deep-seated cancers, and often causes damage to healthy tissues. It has been reported that 20-30 microm diameter 17Y(2)O(3)-19Al(2)O(3)-64SiO(2) (mol%) glass microspheres are useful for the in situ irradiation of cancers. Yttrium-89 (89Y) in this glass can be neutron bombarded to form the beta-emitter 90Y (half-life=64.1h). When injected in the vicinity of the cancer, such activated glass microspheres can provide a large localized dose of beta-radiation. The Y(2)O(3) content of the glass in the microspheres is limited to only 17 mol%. Chemically durable microspheres with a higher Y(2)O(3) content need to be developed. Phosphorus-31 (31P) with 100% natural abundance can also be activated by neutron bombardment to form the beta-emitter 32P (half-life=14.3d). Chemically durable microspheres containing a high phosphorus content are expected to be more effective for cancer treatment. We prepared pure Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres using a high-frequency induction thermal plasma melting technique, and investigated the resulting structure and chemical durability. We successfully prepared smooth, highly spherical polycrystalline Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres with diameters in the range 20-30 microm. Both the Y(2)O(3) and YPO(4) microspheres showed high chemical durability in saline solutions buffered at pH=6 and 7. These microspheres are expected to be more effective than the conventional glass microspheres for the in situ radiotherapy of cancer.     

The role of beta-catenin, TGF beta 3, NGF2, FGF2, IGFR2, and BMP4 in the pathogenesis of mesenteric sclerosis and angiopathy in midgut carcinoids

A subset of midgut carcinoids (MCs) result in mesenteric angiopathy (MA) and bowel infarction as a consequence of vascular compression caused by extensive mesenteric sclerosis (MS). The goal of this study was to determine whether the level of expression of several fibrosing-related growth factors was related to the finding of MA and/or MS in MCs. Eighteen cases of MC, 6 with both extensive MS and MA (group I), 5 with extensive MS only (group II), and 7 with ordinary MS only (group III), were analyzed for immunoexpression of beta-catenin, transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF beta 2), nerve growth factor 2 (NGF2), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), and bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Standard immunohistochemical technique was used following antigen retrieval. Immunostaining was scored semiquantitively as the product of the percentage and intensity (0 to 2+) of the immunostaining, giving a possible range of 0 to 200. One-way analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney nonparametric analyses were used for statistical analysis. The mean scores of immunoreactivity of each factor in groups I, II, and III were as follows: 135, 174, and 147 for beta-catenin (cytoplasmic reactivity only); 106, 112, and 92 for TGF beta 3; 1.67, 32, and 36 for NGF-2; 2.5, 48, and 55 for FGF-2; 19, 112, and 66 for IGFR2; 140, 45, and 52 for BMP4. There were significant differences in NGF-2 immunoreactivity between groups I and III (P = 0.0023) and in BMP4 immunoreactivity between groups I and II (P = 0.017) and groups I and III (P = 0.022). All MCs expressed high levels of membranous beta-catenin, moderate levels of TGF beta 3 and IGFR2, and low levels of FGF-2, with no significant differences seen among the groups. MCs with prominent MS and MA (group I) expressed significantly higher BMP4 than those in groups II and III, suggesting a potential role of BMP4 in the pathogenesis of MA. The level of NGF-2 expression was significantly lower in group I than in group III, possibly indicating abnormal angiogenesis in the formation of angiopathy.     

Molecular and genetic characterizations of five pathogenic and two non-pathogenic monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss and thrombocytopenia. Antiphospholipid antibodies, detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays (aCL) and/or in vitro blood clotting assays (LAC) are strongly associated with APS. Both the molecular structures used by pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies and the genetic mechanisms leading to their production are unknown. We describe here the variable region genes of seven IgG antiphospholipid antibodies derived from two APS patients. Of these, five are pathogenic as defined in a mouse model of thrombosis and two are not. Analyses of the expressed variable region genes show no preferential V gene usage. However, similar to anti-DNA antibodies, pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies contain an increased number of arginine residues in the third complimentarity-determining region (CDR3) of their H chains. The increased accumulation of arginine residues in the V(H) CDR3 may act to enhance antigen binding, promote disease and point to the importance of the H chain in the pathogenic potential of certain antiphospholipid antibodies.     

Two-week, but not 1-week, hypoxic exposure enhances nitric oxide-mediated basal tone regulation in rat resistance pulmonary arteries

We measured internal diameter (ID) changes in resistance and conduit pulmonary arteries of 1- and 2-week hypoxic rats and normoxic control rats in response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors in vivo. At 2 weeks of hypoxic exposure, the ID reduction as a result of NOS inhibition was enhanced within the resistance arteries, but not at 1 week of hypoxia.     

Survey of atopic dermatitis and skin barrier functions in Japanese and Chinese school students]

BACKGROUND: The comparative studies of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and skin barrier functions in Japanese and Chinese were performed. METHODS: Clinical investigations were performed in 68 elementary school students in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region and 67 students in Yixing, Jiangsu Province in China, and 99 students in Nishinomiya, Hyogo in Japan. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and capacitance were measured. Questionary survey about bathing frequency was also performed for students in Lhasa, Yixing and Osaka. RESULT: The prevalence rate of atopic dermatitis was 0% in Lhasa, 2.63% in Yixing, 4.26% in Nishinomiya. TEWL of students in Nishinomiya was higher than that in Yixing and Lhasa. Capacitance of students in Lhasa was lower than that in Nishinomiya and Yixing. The frequency of taking a bath in Lhasa was about 2.2 times per month and fewer than that in Nishinomiya and Yixing. CONCLUSION: There was tendency that the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased according to increase of TEWL. It was thought that more investigations are necessary whether the development of habitat and environment influence the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and skin barrier function.     

Site-specific mutagenicity of stereochemically defined 1,N2-deoxyguanosine adducts of trans-4-hydroxynonenal in mammalian cells

Trans-4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a toxic compound produced endogenously during lipid peroxidation. HNE is a potent electrophile that is reactive with both proteins and nucleic acids. HNE preferentially reacts with deoxyguanosine to form four stereoisomeric HNE-deoxyguanosine (HNE-dG) adducts: (6R, 8S, 11R), (6S, 8R, 11S), (6R, 8S, 11S), and (6S, 8R, 11R). These adducts were synthesized into 12-mer oligodeoxynucleotides, inserted into a DNA shuttle vector and evaluated for the ability of each stereoisomer to induce mutagenesis when replicated through mammalian cells. The resultant mutagenicity of these adducts was related to their stereochemistry, in that two of the HNE-dG adducts, (6R, 8S, 11R) and (6S, 8R, 11S), were significantly more mutagenic than the (6R, 8S, 11S) and (6S, 8R, 11R) HNE-dG adducts. These data conclusively demonstrate that HNE-derived DNA adducts can be mutagenic in mammalian cells and their ability to cause mutations is dictated by their stereochemistry.