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11.
Thiago E. Sabino Vivian I. Avelino-Silva Clara Cavalcantte Silvia P. Goulart Olinda C. Luiz Luiz A.M. Fonseca 《AIDS care》2021,33(1):31-38
ABSTRACT This study focused on factors associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and quality of life among transgenderwomen in Sao Paulo, Brazil, using univariable and adjusted analysis. Adherence was evaluated with a self-report tool and with HIV viral load (VL) measurement. PROQOL-HIV was used to assess quality of life. 106 TGW with median 41 years old were included; most were white (56%) and had >10 years of education (57%). Median time since HIV/AIDS diagnosis was 10 years. Overall, participants had high T CD4+ counts (median 659 cells/mm3) and most (75%) had undetectable HIV VL. 85% were considered adherent using self-report (95%CI 77-91), whereas 72% (95%CI 62-80) were considered adherent when self-report and undetectable HIV VL were analyzed jointly. Older age was associated with higher ART adherence; each year increase in age was associated with 5% higher odds of adherence (p?=?0.021). Quality of life ranged from good-excellent in 5 of 8 domains. Younger age, lower education, higher time since HIV diagnosis, comorbidities, illicit drugs use and depression were associated with lower PROQOL scores in specific domains in univariable analysis, while depression was also associated with lower total PROQOL score even after adjustment for age, comorbidities and time since HIV diagnosis (p?=?0.048). 相似文献
12.
Rio P. Juni Rushd Al-Shama Diederik W.D. Kuster Jolanda van der Velden Henrike M. Hamer Marc G. Vervloet Etto C. Eringa Pieter Koolwijk Victor W.M. van Hinsbergh 《Kidney international》2021,99(5):1088-1101
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14.
Sabita Jiwnani Priya Ranganathan Vijaya Patil Vandana Agarwal George Karimundackal C.S. Pramesh 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2019,157(1):380-386
Objectives
Post-thoracotomy pain leads to patient discomfort, pulmonary complications, and increased analgesic use. Intercostal nerve injury during thoracotomy or its entrapment during closure can contribute to post-thoracotomy pain. We hypothesized that a modified technique of posterolateral thoracotomy and closure, preserving the intercostal neurovascular bundle, would reduce acute and chronic post-thoracotomy pain.Methods
We randomized 90 patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy for pulmonary resection at a tertiary level oncology center to standard posterolateral (control arm) or modified nerve-sparing thoracotomy. All patients received morphine via patient-controlled analgesia pumps. The primary outcome was the worst postoperative pain score in the first 3 postoperative days. Secondary outcomes included the average pain score and analgesic requirements in the first 3 postoperative days and the incidence of post-thoracotomy pain 6 months after surgery.Results
No significant differences were seen between the groups in acute or chronic post-thoracotomy measured by the numeric rating scale. There was no difference seen in the worst (mean) postoperative pain scores (3.71 vs 3.83, difference 0.12; 99% confidence interval [CI], ?0.7 to +0.9; P = .7), average (mean) pain scores in the first 3 postoperative days (1.77 vs 1.85, difference 0.08; 99% CI, ?0.4 to +0.6; P = .69), mean consumption of morphine (mg/kg) (1.45 vs 1.40, difference ?0.05; 99% CI, ?0.4 to +0.3; P = .73), or incidence of chronic postoperative pain (37.8% vs 40%, difference 4.9%; 99% CI, ?22.8 to +30.7%; P = .73).Conclusions
The modified nerve-sparing thoracotomy technique does not reduce post-thoracotomy pain compared with standard posterolateral thoracotomy. 相似文献15.
M. Corral-Blanco V.C. Prudencio-Ribera M.E. Jarrín-Estupiñán R. Alonso-Moralejo V. Pérez-González J.C. Meneses-Pardo A. Hermira-Anchuelo A. De Pablo-Gafas 《Transplantation proceedings》2019,51(2):380-382
Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a comorbidity associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of PH on intrahospital mortality in lung transplantation (LT) for ILD.Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 66 patients who underwent LT for ILD at the 12 de Octubre University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) from October 2008 to June 2014. PH was defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg on right-sided heart catheterization and intrahospital mortality as any death taken place after the transplantation of patients not being discharged.Results
We retrospectively analyzed data of 66 patients; they were stratified by the presence or absence of PH before LT. Twenty-seven patients (41%) had PH. The PH group had a lower diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO), and 6-minute walk distance test (6MWT) and a higher total lung capacity (TLC), modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC), and lung allocation score (LAS) than the non-PH group. Patients with PH more often underwent double lung transplantation (DLT; 59%) than single lung transplantation (SLT).Intrahospital mortality was 13% (9/66). No significant differences were observed in Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the PH and non-PH groups with a median survival time of 46 days versus 33 days (IQR 26–74; log-rank P = .056); however, the postoperative length of stay in the hospital was greater in the PH group.Conclusions
In our cohort, pulmonary hypertension was not related to early mortality in lung transplantation recipients for interstitial lung diseases. 相似文献16.
Lindsay A. Weiner Adam C. Richardson Semhar Z. Tewelde 《The Journal of emergency medicine》2019,56(4):e43-e46
Background
Spontaneous spinal and intracranial subdural hematomas are rarely reported, especially occurring simultaneously. Anticoagulation use has been associated with spontaneous hemorrhages. Prompt diagnosis is required to prevent permanent neurological sequelae. In this case report, we describe a spontaneous spinal and intracranial subdural hematoma in a woman taking warfarin and initially presenting with severe vaginal pain.Case Report
A 42-year-old woman who had a history of mechanical valve replacement and was therefore taking warfarin, came to an emergency department for relief of severe vaginal pain. Mild concurrent lumbar pain increased concern about spinal pathology, so magnetic resonance imaging of her spine was performed. It revealed a subdural hematoma extending from L1–S1 with arachnoiditis, which suggested intracranial pathology, though the patient had no complaint of a headache. Computed tomography of her brain demonstrated a large right subdural hemorrhage with midline shift. Subsequent imaging revealed no aneurysm or source of the intracranial bleeding. We concluded that the patient experienced spontaneous anticoagulation-related intracranial hemorrhage resulting in lumbar subdural hematoma and arachnoiditis with referred vaginal pain.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?
Pelvic, vaginal, or perineal pain may be the presenting symptom in patients with lower spinal pathology. It is important to consider causes other than gynecological ones in the differential diagnosis of these patients, as well as to be cognizant of the relationship between spinal and intracranial subdural hemorrhages. In patients with back pain or radiating lumbar pain, especially coupled with neurological effects, clinicians should consider spinal subdural hemorrhage and arachnoiditis to expedite imaging studies and treatment of these rare entities. 相似文献17.
David C. Johnson Steven S. Raman Sohrab A. Mirak Lorna Kwan Amirhossein M. Bajgiran William Hsu Cleo K. Maehara Preeti Ahuja Izak Faiena Aydin Pooli Amirali Salmasi Anthony Sisk Ely R. Felker David S.K. Lu Robert E. Reiter 《European urology》2019,75(5):712-720
Background
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) undoubtedly affects the diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer (CaP). However, clinicians need a better understanding of its accuracy and limitations in detecting individual CaP foci to optimize management.Objective
To determine the per-lesion detection rate for CaP foci by mpMRI and identify predictors of tumor detection.Design, setting, and participants
We carried out a retrospective analysis of a prospectively managed database correlating lesion-specific results from mpMRI co-registered with whole-mount pathology (WMP) prostatectomy specimens from June 2010 to February 2018. Participants include 588 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven CaP undergoing 3-T mpMRI before radical prostatectomy at a single tertiary institution.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis
We measured mpMRI sensitivity in detecting individual CaP and clinically significant (any Gleason score ≥7) CaP foci and predictors of tumor detection using multivariate analysis.Results and limitations
The final analysis included 1213 pathologically confirmed tumor foci in 588 patients with primarily intermediate- (75%) or high-risk (12%) CaP. mpMRI detected 45% of all lesions (95% confidence interval [CI] 42–47%), including 65% of clinically significant lesions (95% CI 61–69%) and nearly 80% of high-grade tumors. Some 74% and 31% of missed solitary and multifocal tumors, respectively, were clinically significant. The majority of missed lesions were small (61.1% ≤1 cm); 28.3% were between 1 and 2 cm, and 10.4% were >2 cm. mpMRI missed at least one clinically significant focus in 34% of patients overall, and in 45% of men with multifocal lesions. On multivariate analysis, smaller, low-grade, multifocal, nonindex tumors with lower prostate-specific antigen density were more likely to be missed. Limitations include selection bias in a prostatectomy cohort, lack of specificity data, an imperfect co-registration process, and uncertain clinical significance for undetected lesions.Conclusions
mpMRI detects less than half of all and less than two-thirds of clinically significant CaP foci. The moderate per-lesion sensitivity and significant proportion of men with undetected tumor foci demonstrate the current limitations of mpMRI.Patient summary
Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate before surgical removal for prostate cancer finds less than half of all individual prostate cancer tumors. Large, solitary, aggressive tumors are more likely to be visualized on imaging. 相似文献18.
Maryam Boumezrag Sormeh Harounzadeh Hamza Ijaz Angeline Johny Lorna Richards Yan Ma Maxine A. Le Saux Paige Kulie Caitlin Davis Andrew C. Meltzer 《The American journal of emergency medicine》2019,37(2):304-307
Study objectives
The primary objective of this study was to compare Emergency Department patients with first-time versus recurrent acute pancreatitis.Methods
This study was a retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis who presented to a single academic urban emergency department from 2012 to 2016. Criteria for inclusion were clinical symptoms of pancreatitis, age greater than or equal to 18?years, ED diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and an abdominal CT scan within 24?h of triage. Exclusion criteria were traumatic mechanism and pregnancy. Charts were reviewed by a minimum of two trained abstractors using structured data collection sheets and discrepancies were resolved by a third abstractor. Patients with first time acute pancreatitis versus recurrent acute pancreatitis were compared to determine differences in characteristics, management and disposition.Results
250 patients were included in the study. Of these, 165 patients had first-time acute pancreatitis and 85 patients had recurrent acute pancreatitis. Demographics, vital signs and initial lab values were the same in both groups. Patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis were more likely to have significant findings on CT (Modified CT Severity Index, 2.09 versus 1.43, p?<?0.05), more likely to require IV opiates (96% versus 75%, p?<?0.001) and less likely to need ICU admission (8% versus 19%, p?=?0.03).Conclusion
ED patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis demonstrated more significant findings on CT compared to patients with first-time acute pancreatitis but were less likely to require ICU admission. 相似文献19.
Anthony J. Bleyer Vincent A. Scavo Samuel E. Wilson Barry J. Browne Brian L. Ferris C. Keith Ozaki Timmy Lee Eric K. Peden Bradley S. Dixon Rick Mishler Timothy P. O&#x;Connor Kendrah Kidd Steven K. Burke 《Journal of vascular surgery》2019,69(2):507-515
Objective
Arteriovenous fistulas created in patients with chronic kidney disease often lose patency and fail to become usable. This prospective trial evaluated the efficacy of vonapanitase, a recombinant human elastase, in promoting radiocephalic fistula patency and use for hemodialysis.Methods
PATENCY-1 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 349 patients on or approaching hemodialysis and being evaluated for radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula creation. Of these, 313 were randomized and 311 treated. Patients were assigned to vonapanitase (n = 210) or placebo (n = 103). The study drug solution was applied topically to the artery and vein for 10 minutes immediately after fistula creation. The primary and secondary end points were primary patency (time to first thrombosis or corrective procedure) and secondary patency (time to abandonment). Tertiary end points included use of the fistula for hemodialysis, fistula maturation by ultrasound, and procedure rates.Results
The Kaplan-Meier estimates of 12-month primary patency were 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35-49) and 31% (95% CI, 21-42) for vonapanitase and placebo (P = .25). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of 12-month secondary patency were 74% (95% CI, 68-80) and 61% (95% CI, 51-71) for vonapanitase and placebo (P = .048). The proportions of vonapanitase and placebo patients were 39% and 25% (P = .035) with unassisted use for hemodialysis and 64% and 44% (P = .006) with unassisted plus assisted use.Conclusions
Vonapanitase treatment did not significantly improve primary patency but was associated with increased secondary patency and use for hemodialysis. Further research is needed to evaluate these end points. 相似文献20.
P. Mendogni S. Henchi L.C. Morlacchi D. Tosi M. Nosotti P. Tarsia A.I. Gregorini L. Rosso 《Transplantation proceedings》2019,51(1):194-197