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71.
Missing data such as appropriateness ratings in clinical research are a common problem and this often yields a biased result. This paper aims to introduce the multiple imputation method to handle missing data in clinical research and to suggest that the multiple imputation technique can give more accurate estimates than those of a complete-case analysis. The idea of multiple imputation is that each missing value is replaced with more than one plausible value. The appropriateness method was developed as a pragmatic solution to problem of trying to assess "appropriate" surgical and medical procedures for patients. Cataract surgery was selected as one of four procedures that were evaluated as a part of the Clinical Appropriateness Initiative. We created mild to high missing rates of 10%, 30% and 50% and compared the performance of logistic regression in cataract surgery. We treated the coefficients in the original data as true parameters and compared them with the other results. In the mild missing rate (10%), the deviation from the true coefficients was quite small and ignorable. After removing the missing data, the complete-case analysis did not reveal any serious bias. However, as the missing rate increased, the bias was not ignorable and it distorted the result. This simulation study suggests that a multiple imputation technique can give more accurate estimates than those of a complete-case analysis, especially for moderate to high missing rates (30 - 50%). In addition, the multiple imputation technique yields better accuracy than a single imputation technique. Therefore, multiple imputation is useful and efficient for a situation in clinical research where there is large amounts of missing data. 相似文献
72.
Kim SN Rhee JH Song YH Park DY Hwang M Lee SL Kim JE Gim BS Yoon JH Kim YJ Kim-Ha J 《Neurobiology of aging》2005,26(7):1083-1091
Previous gene expression profiling studies in Drosophila have provided clues for understanding the aging process at the gene expression level. For a detailed understanding, studies of specific regions of the body are necessary. We therefore employed microarray analysis to examine gene expression changes in the Drosophila head during aging. Six hundred and eighty-four of the 5405 genes present in the microarray showed significant age-dependent changes as determined by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) (q < 0.05). The biological significance of the changes was analyzed using the gene annotations provided by the Gene Ontology Consortium. Major changes involved genes affecting energy metabolism (proton transport, energy pathways, oxidative phosphorylation) and neuronal function, especially responses to light. Genes involved in protein catabolism and several other metabolic processes also showed age-dependent changes. Most of the changes were reductions in gene expression and occurred before day 13 of adult life. After day 13, the age-dependent gene expression changes were relatively smaller than earlier life. Interestingly, the two biological processes of major gene expression changes are related to the two known environmental changes that increase life span in Drosophila: caloric restriction and light reduction. Our findings suggest that light signaling and energy metabolism may be important biological processes affected by aging and be interesting targets for the further investigation related to the longevity in Drosophila. 相似文献
73.
Quality of Life Research - To summarize the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of intradialytic exercise (IDE) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients undergoing... 相似文献
74.
Irina Maljkovic Berry Melanie C. Melendrez Simon Pollett Katherine Figueroa Darunee Buddhari Chonticha Klungthong Ananda Nisalak Michael Panciera Butsaya Thaisomboonsuk Tao Li Tyghe G. Vallard Louis Macareo In-Kyu Yoon Stephen J. Thomas Timothy Endy Richard G. Jarman 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(6):1637
Dengue control approaches are best informed by granular spatial epidemiology of these viruses, yet reconstruction of inter- and intra-household transmissions is limited when analyzing case count, serologic, or genomic consensus sequence data. To determine viral spread on a finer spatial scale, we extended phylogenomic discrete trait analyses to reconstructions of house-to-house transmissions within a prospective cluster study in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. For additional resolution and transmission confirmation, we mapped dengue intra-host single nucleotide variants on the taxa of these time-scaled phylogenies. This approach confirmed 19 household transmissions and revealed that dengue disperses an average of 70 m per day between households in these communities. We describe an evolutionary biology framework for the resolution of dengue transmissions that cannot be differentiated based on epidemiologic and consensus genome data alone. This framework can be used as a public health tool to inform control approaches and enable precise tracing of dengue transmissions. 相似文献
75.
So Yoon Sim Elizabeth Watts Dagna Constenla Shuoning Huang Logan Brenzel Bryan N. Patenaude 《Value in health》2021,24(1):70-77
ObjectivesUnderstanding the level of investment needed for the 2021-2030 decade is important as the global community faces the next strategic period for vaccines and immunization programs. To assist with this goal, we estimated the aggregate costs of immunization programs for ten vaccines in 94 low- and middle-income countries from 2011 to 2030.MethodWe calculated vaccine, immunization delivery and stockpile costs for 94 low- and middle-income countries leveraging the latest available data sources. We conducted scenario analyses to vary assumptions about the relationship between delivery cost and coverage as well as vaccine prices for fully self-financing countries.ResultsThe total aggregate cost of immunization programs in 94 countries for 10 vaccines from 2011 to 2030 is $70.8 billion (confidence interval: $56.6-$93.3) under the base case scenario and $84.1 billion ($72.8-$102.7) under an incremental delivery cost scenario, with an increasing trend over two decades. The relative proportion of vaccine and delivery costs for pneumococcal conjugate, human papillomavirus, and rotavirus vaccines increase as more countries introduce these vaccines. Nine countries in accelerated transition phase bear the highest burden of the costs in the next decade, and uncertainty with vaccine prices for the 17 fully self-financing countries could lead to total costs that are 1.3-13.1 times higher than the base case scenario.ConclusionResource mobilization efforts at the global and country levels will be needed to reach the level of investment needed for the coming decade. Global-level initiatives and targeted strategies for transitioning countries will help ensure the sustainability of immunization programs. 相似文献
76.
Wenzel Mike Yu Hang Uhlig Annemarie Würnschimmel Christoph Wallbach Manuel Becker Andreas Fisch Margit Chun Felix K. H. Meyer Christian P. Leitsmann Marianne 《International urology and nephrology》2021,53(10):2041-2049
International Urology and Nephrology - To test the value of preoperative and postoperative cystatin C (CysC) as a predictor on kidney function after partial (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) in... 相似文献
77.
Lee Lucy Eunju Pyo Jung Yoon Ahn Sung Soo Song Jason Jungsik Park Yong-Beom Lee Sang-Won 《International urology and nephrology》2021,53(8):1631-1638
International Urology and Nephrology - A systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) has been recently introduced as a tool for the assessment of the prognosis of several critical medical... 相似文献
78.
Neurosurgical Review - To quantitatively synthesize the comparative efficacy and safety of the most common surgical approaches including endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery (ETES),... 相似文献
79.
Jun Ho Kim Eunsun Oh Young Cheol Yoon Do Kyung Lee Sung-Sahn Lee Joon Ho Wang 《Arthroscopy》2021,37(1):209-221
80.