基于人为因素分析及分类系统的放射治疗安全事件人为因素分析及事故链探究

目的 分析放射治疗安全事件中的人为因素并确定这些人为因素之间的关系,寻找放疗安全事件的潜在事故链。方法 基于放射肿瘤事件学习系统纳入60例放疗安全事件,利用人为因素分析及分类系统(HFACS)进行致因识别及频率统计分析,基于分析结果采用潜在类别分析(LCA)方法对事故致因的关联性进行研究。结果 计划设计阶段的错误是最常见的事件类型,占比35%,组织氛围、监督不充分以及人员因素分别是HFACS各个层级中最主要的事件致因,其频率指数分别为4.66%、15.68%和16.20%。LCA分析确定了3条常见放疗事故链,其中两条事故链起源于组织氛围问题,一条事故链起源于组织过程问题,并通过不同的人为因素"漏洞"向下传递。结论 HFACS可帮助溯源导致放射治疗安全事件的各层级人为因素,本研究发现了放疗安全事件的高频致因和3条事故链,可为建立针对性的安全防御措施提供指导。     

Two novel translocations disrupt the RUNX1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia

Translocations involving 21q22 are commonly observed in both de novo and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). They often result in the disruption of RUNX1 and give rise to fusion genes consisting of RUNX1 and different partner genes, which contribute to leukemogenesis. To date, at least 21 such translocations are known from the literature. Here we report two novel translocations involving the RUNX1 gene: t(1;21)(q12;q22) in a 53-year-old woman with AML-M5b and t(11;21)(q13;q22) in a 65-year-old man with AML-M2. The abnormalities revealed by R-banding karyotypic analysis were confirmed with interphase and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosome painting, and M-FISH.     

SAMP8小鼠记忆能力与海马CA1区神经元脱失相关性研究

目的探讨快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)学习记忆能力改变与海马CA1区神经元脱失间的关系。方法随机选取6月龄雄性P8和R1小鼠各15只,使用水迷宫实验分别检测两组小鼠的逃避潜伏期和跨越平台次数,尼氏染色观测两组小鼠海马CA1区神经元形态和数量变化。结果与R1小鼠比较,P8小鼠水迷宫实验逃避潜伏期明显较长,空间探索实验跨越平台次数P8小鼠明显减少,且P8小鼠游泳轨迹呈现无目的性环游,而R1小鼠游泳轨迹多集中于原隐匿平台象限;海马CA1区神经元层次排列紊乱,数量减少;逃避潜伏期与海马CA1区神经元数量呈负相关,跨越平台次数与海马CA1区神经元神经元数量呈正相关。结论快速老化P8小鼠的学习记忆能力明显下降,且与海马CA1区神经元的结构和数量变化有密切关系,该品系小鼠为阿尔茨海默病的研究提供了较为理想的动物模型。     

Direct evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm mediators in a chronic infection model

Biofilms contribute to Pseudomonas aeruginosa persistence in a variety of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, burn wounds, and chronic suppurative otitis media. However, few studies have directly addressed P. aeruginosa biofilms in vivo. We used a chinchilla model of otitis media, which has previously been used to study persistent Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae infections, to show that structures formed in vivo are biofilms of bacterial and host origin within a matrix that includes Psl, a P. aeruginosa biofilm polysaccharide. We evaluated three biofilm and/or virulence mediators of P. aeruginosa known to affect biofilm formation in vitro and pathogenesis in vivo--bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP), flagella, and quorum sensing--in a chinchilla model. We show that c-di-GMP overproduction has a positive impact on bacterial persistence, while quorum sensing increases virulence. We found no difference in persistence attributed to flagella. We conclude from these studies that a chinchilla otitis media model provides a means to evaluate pathogenic mediators of P. aeruginosa and that in vitro phenotypes should be examined in multiple infection systems to fully understand their role in disease.     

The Molecular Genetics of Marfan Syndrome

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a complex connective tissue disease that is primarily characterized by cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal systems disorders. Despite its rarity, MFS severely impacts the quality of life of the patients. It has been shown that molecular genetic factors serve critical roles in the pathogenesis of MFS. FBN1 is associated with MFS and the other genes such as FBN2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), latent TGF-β-binding protein 2 (LTBP2) and SKI, amongst others also have their associated syndromes, however high overlap may exist between these syndromes and MFS. Abnormalities in the TGF-β signaling pathway also contribute to the development of aneurysms in patients with MFS, although the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Mutant FBN1 protein may cause unstableness in elastic structures, thereby perturbing the TGF-β signaling pathway, which regulates several processes in cells. Additionally, DNA methylation of FBN1 and histone acetylation in an MFS mouse model demonstrated that epigenetic factors play a regulatory role in MFS. The purpose of the present review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of MFS-related genes and relevant assessment technologies, with the aim of laying a foundation for the early diagnosis, consultation and treatment of MFS.     

游离腹股沟皮瓣修复拇指环形电烧伤的临床研究

目的 观察游离腹股沟皮瓣修复拇指环形电烧伤的效果.方法 选取2014年6月至2020年2月郑州市第一人民医院烧伤科收治的20例拇指环形电烧伤患者为研究对象,所有患者拇指创面彻底清创后,I期采用游离腹股沟皮瓣进行修复,术后给予抗凝、抗感染、抗血管痉挛等综合治疗.术后1周和2周分别统计皮瓣存活率及创面I期愈合率;术后6个月...     

医学图像插值方法对比

在医学图像的显示、处理和分析中,常常需要将图像进行插值处理.本文在PC机上实现Sinc插值、最近点插值、线性插值、三次插值、B样条近似以及拉格朗日多项式插值等Scene based方法,并将其应用于医学图像处理插值的三个主要领域,然后用相关系数、均方差、差异点比例、相对时间等统计量对各种方法进行了评估比较.为了便于观察使用图像相减方法对插值引入的误差进行了显示.结果说明三次多项式插值和Sinc cos插值可以获得较好的插值效果,在使用较小的插值算子时,可考虑使用2×2的Cubic插值来代替目前最常用的线性插值.     

通道显微镜下颈后路椎间孔扩大成形术治疗单节段神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效

目的 探讨通道显微镜下颈后路椎间孔扩大成形(PCF)椎间盘摘除术治疗单节段神经根型颈椎病(CSR)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月—2017年1月中国科学技术大学附属第一医院脊柱外科行PCF手术治疗的30例单节段神经根型颈椎病患者临床资料,分析患者围手术期指标、上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)、颈椎生理曲度、椎间隙高度及节段稳定性。结果 30例患者平均切口长度为(2.2±0.2)cm,手术时间为(50±4.8)min,术中出血量为(80.5±18.6)mL。所有患者获得随访,平均随访时间18.6(12~25)个月。上肢疼痛VAS术前、术后1天、术后1年分别为(7.83±2.10)、(1.80±0.41)、(1.20±0.81)分;上肢疼痛VAS术后1天及术后1年时较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。NDI由术前的30.23±4.81降至术后1年时的2.40±0.62,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。颈椎生理曲度术前12.28°±8.34°,末次随访时为14.32°±4.56°,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。术前和末次随访时病变节段椎间隙高度分别为(5.62±1.28) mm、(5.34±1.13) mm,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。末次随访时未见颈椎失稳患者。结论 通道显微镜下颈后路椎间孔扩大成形术治疗单节段神经根型颈椎病均可获得较为满意的临床疗效,具有创伤小、恢复快等优点。