多囊性肾透明细胞癌的病理学诊断

目的：探讨多囊性肾透明细胞癌的临床病理特点。方法：对1例多囊性肾透明细胞癌进行了免疫组化染色,并进行文献复习。结果：本例右肾肿物18年。大体见肿物由多发不等的囊腔组成。镜下囊内壁主要由单层立方或柱状上皮被覆,部分为多层并有乳头形成。瘤细胞胞质透亮,无明显异型性。癌细胞免疫表型cytokeratin、CEA和vimentin呈阳性表达。本例诊断为多囊性肾透明细胞癌。结论：多囊性肾透明细胞癌是一种罕见的肾癌病理类型。临床上主要采用根治切除术。本瘤的生物学行为属于低度恶性肿瘤。     

原发性心脏肿瘤超声心动图诊断

目的探讨原发心脏肿瘤超声心动图(ECG)特征。资料和方法100例原发心脏肿瘤。年龄6～68(平均42．5)岁。应用ECG检查后99例手术，1例尸解证实。结果ECG对97例心腔内粘液瘤全部做出正确诊断，2例心肌纤维瘤和1例二尖瓣叶脂肪瘤提出相应部位占位病变。结论心脏粘液瘤与心内膜界限明显，都有蒂与心内膜相连，瘤体以蒂为定点随心脏收缩舒张往返摆动，其它肿瘤与正常心肌无明显界限且无蒂；心房粘液瘤可致房室瓣狭窄和关闭不全，瘤体摘除后房室瓣功能即恢复正常；ECG是诊断原发心脏肿瘤简便、快捷、准确的检查方法。     

Mouse Liver Dispersion for the Diagnosis of Early-Stage Fatty Liver Disease: A 70-Sample Study

The accumulation of fat droplets within the liver is an important marker of liver disease. This study assesses gradations of steatosis in mouse livers using crawling waves, which are interfering patterns of shear waves introduced into the liver by external sources. The crawling waves are detected by Doppler ultrasound imaging techniques, and these are analyzed to estimate the shear wave speed as a function of frequency between 200 and 360 Hz. In a study of 70 mice with progressive increases in steatosis from 0% to >60%, increases in steatosis are found to increase the dispersion, or frequency dependence, of shear wave speed. This finding confirms an earlier, smaller study and points to the potential of a scoring system for steatosis based on shear wave dispersion.