38例视网膜母细胞瘤的临床和误诊分析

目的 探讨视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma，RB）的临床特征、病理分类和误诊原因，尽可能减少错误的临床诊治。方法 对我科于1999-2004年间收集的38例临床诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma，RB）的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果在38例疑似病例中，34例病理诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤，4例为Coats病。结论掌握相关的影像学知识和综合分析疑难病例的临床资料将有助于视网膜母细胞瘤的正确诊断和处理。     

红细胞调控白细胞免疫功能新的自然实验研究体系

目的用血液免疫反应路线图实验体系评估红细胞在白细胞免疫活性中的作用。方法将0·3ml血浆加入0·2ml全血细胞悬液(全血细胞组)或0·2ml白细胞悬液(白细胞组)中,37℃温育1h,用免疫酶联法测定IL-8和IL-12水平,流式细胞仪测定白细胞膜CD4、CD8、CD35和CXCR4表达量。结果全血细胞组IL-8和IL-12水平(分别为5·96±4·26、9·84±2·23ρB·pg-1·ml-1)明显低于白细胞组(分别为15·09±9·86、13·59±3·69ρB·pg-1·ml-1,P<0·05),淋巴细胞CD4、CD35、CXCR4表达量(分别为37·79±12·00、154·66±70·00、34·40±20·45)明显高于白细胞组(分别为18·54±11·32、83·26±35·99、16·69±11·09,P<0.01),粒细胞CD35表达量(603·63±257·64)明显高于白细胞组(384·86±174·16,P<0.01)。成人全血细胞组淋巴细胞和粒细胞CD35和CXCR4表达量明显高于脐血全血细胞组(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论红细胞是白细胞(包括T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞、树突状细胞、粒细胞等)免疫功能的调控者和指导者,脐血红细胞免疫调节功能明显下降;本研究为红细胞免疫调控活性测定提供了新的近似自然的方法。     

Laparoscopic Local Resection Based on Sentinel Node Evaluation for Early Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Report

We previously reported that lymphatic mapping using isosulfan blue can be used to identify sentinel nodes (SNs). This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using the SN technique in treating early gastric cancer and to explore its usefulness for minimal invasive surgery. Twenty-three patients with early gastric cancer who underwent SN biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. Based on SN evaluation, individualized surgery was performed in five patients with T1N0M0 gastric cancer. When pathological examination of frozen sections revealed metastasis in SNs, we performed a standard D2 gastrectomy. Laparoscopic local resection was applied when the SN biopsy was negative. Our results showed that the success rate with SN biopsy in early gastric cancer was 100%, as were the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. All five patients with early gastric cancer had SNs negative for metastases both by frozen section and by postoperative pathology. Thus, all these patients underwent laparoscopic local resection without extended lymphadenectomy. We conclude that SN biopsy is a useful tool to individualize the operative procedure, and laparoscopic local resection can be safely performed using SN guidance in selected patients with early gastric cancer.     

两种比色板在前牙修复中效果分析

目的旨在探讨Vitapan Classical比色板和Vitapan3D-Master比色板在口腔修复科临床中的比色效果,以指导临床工作。方法采用修复前比色、修复体制作完成后口腔外比色以及口腔内核对颜色的方法,对比两种比色板的比色效果。结果修复体制作完成后,在口腔内、外核对颜色时,使用Vitapan3D-Master比色板的满意度高于Vitapan Classical比色板(P<0.05)。结论Vitapan3D-Master比色板颜色范围较宽,临床比色可以取得较好的效果。     

中等职业学校实行学分制初探

1学分制产生的背景　　学分制是随着课程选修制的产生、发展而建立起来的教学管理制度.它产生于18～19世纪的欧美国家,于20世纪20年代经我国的一些教育家从日本或欧美引进.     

T-2 toxin induces apoptosis, and selenium partly blocks, T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes through modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

T-2 toxin is one of the mycotoxins, a group of type A trichothecenes produced by several fungal genera including Fusarium species. In the present study, we have investigated the apoptotic effects of T-2 toxin on chondrocytes and the relationship between T-2 toxin induced chondrocyte apoptosis and its influence on Bcl-2/Bax protein and mRNA expression. We have also examined the inhibitory effects of selenium on chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin. We have combined morphological and biological techniques to establish the relevance of apoptosis in human chondrocyte death induced by T-2 toxin. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused accelerated apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner. The apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin involved an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Bcl-2 mRNA expression remained unchanged in chondrocyte apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin treatment, while Bax mRNA expression increased following treatment with T-2 toxin. Selenium could partly block the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by T-2 toxin through decreasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, apoptosis of chondrocytes can be induced by T-2 toxin (1-20ng/mL) via the Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio may play a critical role in governing the susceptibility to apoptosis induced by T-2 toxin in human chondrocytes.     

重症胆管炎23例临床治疗分析

目的：探讨急性重症胆管炎患者的手术时机和死亡原因。方法：回顾性分析23例急性重症胆管炎患者的治疗及预后情况。结果：死亡2例（手术死亡及传统治疗死亡各1例）。早期大剂量短期应用糖皮质激素患者休克得到纠正率85％，明显高于未用糖皮质激素患者休克纠正率50％。结论：急性重症胆管炎患者应在出现休克和（或）精神症状之前手术，对已出现休克的患者，应先给予充分的保守治疗，待病情稳定后再手术。贻误手术时机，严重合并症如多器官功能衰竭及高龄是死亡的主要原因。     

化疗药物配制方法探讨

为探讨化疗药物正确的配制方法，有效地预防化疗药物可能存在的职业危害，并使病人得到准确的用药剂量。提出配制化疗药物应在专门的化疗药物配制阃配制，使用特制的层流净化操作台，不具备条件者可在排风设备良好、空气流通的场所内配制。配制人员必须熟练掌握化疗药物的药理知识，配制时应严格做好查对工作。