人和大鼠腰椎关节突关节的SP能神经纤维的分布

目的：证实支配腰椎关节突关节的神经支配和化学性质，方法：用逆行荧光素标记结合免疫组化法，研究７只大鼠腰部脊神经节细胞的周围突分支投射到腰椎关节突关节及其递质性质以及３例人腰椎关节突关节囊上神经末梢的化学性质，结果：发现大鼠一侧Ｌ５和Ｌ６之间的关节突关节受同侧Ｌ２－５节段的脊神经节的部分细胞周围突分支支配，其中有３３．３９９％的中型和小型细胞为中ＳＰ能免疫反应阳性，人的关节突关节囊含有ＳＰ阳性的神经     

老年学习记忆减退大鼠齿状回突触的定量研究

据老年大鼠在Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫中的行为表现，将其分为老年学习记忆减退和学习记忆正常两部分，采用透射电镜观察、拍片，对齿状回中分子层触的数量和大小进行体视学定量分析。     

Role of the CCR5 delta 32 allele in resistance to HIV-1 infection in west Africa

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of the mutant CCR5 delta 32 allele in high-risk HIV-seronegative Africans as compared with the general African population, and to assess its in vitro protective efficacy against HIV-1 infection. STUDY DESIGN: In the homozygous form, the CCR5 delta 32 allele confers resistance to macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) strains of HIV-1. Assuming that genetic characteristics favoring HIV resistance would prevail in a high-risk HIV-seronegative population, we examined the CCR5 genotypes of female commercial sex workers (CSWs) from Dakar, Senegal, who have remained uninfected for an elongated period. METHODS: The CCR5 genetic profile of study participants was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of genomic DNA followed by sequencing. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with different strains of HIV-1 and monitored by p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: We confirmed the presence of two CCR5wt/delta 32 genotypes among 139 individuals (1.44%). PBMCs from these 2 heterozygous individuals were also found to be less susceptible to in vitro infection by an M-tropic HIV-1 primary isolate. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence was found of an increased prevalence of the CCR5wt/delta 32 genotype in a high-risk HIV-seronegative cohort in West Africa. Furthermore, reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection among heterozygous individuals supports a role for 32-bp CCR5 deletion in HIV-1 resistance.     

大鼠肝抑素纯化及其生物活性的检测

用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｃＧ－５凝胶过滤层析法，进一步纯化具肝抑素生物活性的大鼠肝蛋白质粗提品，以分离的大鼠再生肝的肝细胞为靶细胞，体外检测各洗脱峰浓缩物对肝细胞增殖的制率结果证明，Ｅ峰浓缩物的抑制作用最强，其活性比为粗提品的２０倍，ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺电泳图及蛋白质迁移率测定表明，该浓缩物的主要成分为分子量１３．５ｋＤ的多肽。本研究对大鼠肝抑素做了初步纯化，验证了该物质在肝再生中起重要调控作用的生物效应。     

Neuromodulatory transmitter systems in the cortex and their role in cortical plasticity

Cortical neuromodulatory transmitter systems refer to those classical neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines, which share a number of common features. For instance, their centers are located in subcortical regions and send long projection axons to innervate the cortex. The same transmitter can either excite or inhibit cortical neurons depending on the composition of postsynaptic transmitter receptor subtypes. The overall functions of these transmitters are believed to serve as chemical bases of arousal, attention and motivation. The anatomy and physiology of neuromodulatory transmitter systems and their innervations in the cerebral cortex have been well characterized. In addition, ample evidence is available indicating that neuromodulatory transmitters also play roles in development and plasticity of the cortex. In this article, the anatomical organization and physiological function of each of the following neuromodulatory transmitters, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, and histamine, in the cortex will be described. The involvement of these transmitters in cortical plasticity will then be discussed. Available data suggest that neuromodulatory transmitters can modulate the excitability of cortical neurons, enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cortical responses, and modify the threshold for activity-dependent synaptic modifications. Synaptic transmissions of these neuromodulatory transmitters are mediated via numerous subtype receptors, which are linked to multiple signal transduction mechanisms. Among the neuromodulatory transmitter receptor subtypes, cholinergic M(1), noradrenergic beta(1) and serotonergic 5-HT(2C) receptors appear to be more important than other receptor subtypes for cortical plasticity. In general, the contribution of neuromodulatory transmitter systems to cortical plasticity may be made through a facilitation of NMDA receptor-gated processes.     

大鼠烫伤后早期肝细胞变化的超微结构观察及形态计量分析

用超微结构形态计量方法分析了大鼠30％烫伤后早期肝细胞超微结构的变化规律。烫伤后,肝细胞内精原迅速减少,至6小时,几乎全部消失。烫伤后2小时、6小时。肝细胞内溶酶体的体积密度、数目密度和平均体积均明显增大。线粒体于烫伤后半小时出现基质密度增加、嵴扩张,烫伤后2小时、6小时,线粒体肿胀,其体积密度、平均体积增大。实验结果提示:在严重烧伤后数小时内,肝细胞的超微结构即出现明显的改变。本文对出现这些变化的机制进行了讨论。     

原位PCR技术检测石蜡包埋脑组织中人巨细胞病毒DNA

应用原位聚合酶链反应（ＩＳＰＣＲ）技术检测了２５例尸检畸形胎儿石蜡包埋脑组织中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ，并与普通ＰＣＲ及原位杂交（ＩＳＨ）进行了比较。ＩＳＰＣＲ、ＰＣＲ及ＩＳＨ检测阳性率分别为４４％，３６％及２０％。与ＩＳＨ相比较，ＩＳＰＣＲ不仅检出阳性率高，而且信号强度增强。研究结果提示，ＩＳ－ＰＣＲ是诊断ＨＣＭＶ感染的快速、敏感、特异的实用方法。     

豚鼠脊髓运动神经元分支至股神经和腰背肌的研究——逆行荧光双标记法

应用碘化丙院-双苯甲亚胺配伍逆行荧光双标记技术对豚鼠脊髓运动神经元分支至股神经和腰背肌作了研究.结果发现股神经的运动纤维来源于同侧L1～5脊髓前角内侧核运动神经元和L4～5脊髓前角外侧核运动神经元;腰背肌的运动纤维来源于同侧相应节段脊髓前角内侧核运动神经元.在L3～5脊髓前角内侧核运动神经元中,有碘化丙啶-双苯甲亚胺荧光双标记运动神经元,占内侧核全部标记运动神经元的18.8‰.结果提示脊髓前角运动神经元具有分支分布至腰背肌和股神经的现象.