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991.
992.
Usha Sambamoorthi PhD Stephen Crystal PhD Rizie Kumar MA Jeff Harman PhD 《Women's health issues》1999,9(6):286-294
Research Objectives: To develop population-based estimates of estrogen replacement therapy use rates in 1995 among women over age 65 living in the community; to estimate the impact of socioeconomic and health characteristics on estrogen use. Method: Estimates are based on a large, nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries; detailed self-report data were merged with Medicare claims. Results: Overall, 13.1% of women reported use of estrogen replacement therapy in 1995. Estrogen users were more likely to be white, age 65–74, with private insurance, high income, history of osteoporosis and heart problems, no history of breast cancer, and a patient of gynecologists. Conclusions: Estrogen use was substantially lower among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, controlling for medical history variables, suggesting considerable inequity in access to estrogen replacement therapy treatment. 相似文献
993.
994.
INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological and social changes related to population aging in Brazil will probably increase the need for nursing homes (NH). The study analyses the dynamics of institutionalization in Belo Horizonte, a 3 million inhabitant city of whom 8.0% are aged 60 or more. METHODS: Age and length of stay of 1,128 NH residents (92.5% of the estimated population) was registered and occupancy and institutionalization rates were determined. RESULTS: Among women aged 65+ in Belo Horizonte, 0.88% were living in NH; among men, 0.26%. Occupancy rates were 92%. Women (81%) were older than men (76.4 x 70.4 years; two-tailed t test = 6. 4; p=0.00) and lived there for a longer period (5.6 x 4.5 years; two-tailed t test = 2.6; p=0.01). Almost 1/3 of the men were aged < 65. CONCLUSIONS: High occupancy rates, long waiting lists and hard criteria for admission (half reject demented or dependent individuals) insinuates that these low institutionalization rates are related to scarcity of beds. The preponderance of women reflects the proportion of those widowed or separated in the community (66% of those aged 65-+, versus 76% of married man). The high frequency of institutionalized men aged <65 suggests lower capacity of maintaining themselves after widowhood. High death rates (24% during a 20 month follow-up of a 263 random sample) determines the small median length of stay (3 years). These data unveil the anachronism of a system which is not directed towards the maintenance of the Brazilian older people among their families and homes. 相似文献
995.
Tracy Roberts BSc MPhil RGN Stirling Bryan BSc MSc Chris Heginbotham BSc MSc MA & Alison McCallum MB ChB MSc FFPHM 《Health expectations》1999,2(4):235-244
Background Public involvement in health care decision making and priority setting in the UK is being promoted by recent policy initiatives. In 1993, the British Medical Association called for public consultation where rationing of services was to be undertaken. The approach to priority setting advocated by many health economists is the maximization of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Typically, for a particular health care programme, the QALY calculation takes account of four features: (1) the number of patients receiving the programme, (2) the survival gain, (3) the gain in quality of life and, (4) the probability of treatment success. Only one feature, that relating to quality of life, is based upon public preferences. If the QALY is to be used as a tool for health care resource allocation at a societal level then it should incorporate broader societal preferences.
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
996.
获得纯化的由大肠杆菌表达的小鼠 Fas配体(Fas ligand,FasL)。方法:以质粒 pET-15b为载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达小鼠的FasL,用金属螫合亲和层析法纯化。结果:转化菌中,重组质粒是稳定的,异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷可诱导小鼠FasL的表达 ,金属螫合亲和层析法可以初步纯化此蛋白。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达出小鼠的FasL,并得到初步纯化。 相似文献
997.
目的 比较常规疗法伍用增免灵与单用常规疗法对活动性肺结核的疗效及外周血T 淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 抽取常规化疗组(61 例)、常规化疗加增免灵组(72 例) 及健康对照组(35 例) 患者外周血,用APAAP法测定外周血淋巴细胞亚群。结果 活动性肺结核患者外周血CD+3 及CD+4 百分率及CD+4 /CD+8 比值显著低于健康对照组( P< 0.05) ,CD+8 高于健康对照组。结论 短程化疗伍用增免灵可显著改善活动性肺结核的疗效及细胞免疫状况。 相似文献
998.
尾部悬吊及恢复过程中大鼠动脉血管收缩反应的变化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 探讨模拟失重下动脉收缩反应变化的时程特征及其可逆性。方法 采用尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重,利用离休动脉环测定血管收缩反应的变化。结果 尾部悬吊2wk后,大鼠的腹主动脉、肠系膜动脉和股动脉收缩反应明显降低,而颈总动脉无明显改变;悬吊4wk后,肠系膜动脉和股动脉的收缩反应与悬吊2wk相比有进一步的降低;悬吊8wk大鼠的动脉血管收缩反应性与悬吊4wk相比无明显差异;4wk尾部悬吊大鼠解除悬吊后5wk 相似文献
999.
模拟失重大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉风各级血管内径的变化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 探讨模拟失重是否可引起后肢肌肉小动脉网各级血管内径发生改变及其可逆性。方法 采用墨汁灌注法观察尾部悬吊4wk(SUS-4),悬吊4wk后恢复1wk(REC-1)、恢复5wk(REC-5),以及对照(CON)大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉网各组血管内径的变化。结果 在SUS-4组,比目鱼肌的营养动脉、弓状小动脉及V、Ⅱ级模行小动脉的内径,较CON组分别减小了31%、29%、28%及41%(均为P〈0.01 相似文献
1000.
轻、中度缺氧对事件相关电位的影响及不同刺激模式的比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 观察轻、中度缺氧对脑事件相关电位(ERP)的影响,比较不同刺激模式发的ERP对缺氧的敏感性,方法12名受试者在地面、2500m和4300m匠心同度(吸放低氧混合气)分别进行视觉Ocddball、Sternberg记忆量(MSET)为1 和MSET为3的任务测试,记录ERP的P3潜伏期、波幅和反应时(RT)及反应错误率(ER)。结果 4300m高度缺氧时P3潜伏期显著延长,任务难度较大时ER增 相似文献