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971.
Tracy Roberts BSc MPhil RGN Stirling Bryan BSc MSc Chris Heginbotham BSc MSc MA & Alison McCallum MB ChB MSc FFPHM 《Health expectations》1999,2(4):235-244
Background Public involvement in health care decision making and priority setting in the UK is being promoted by recent policy initiatives. In 1993, the British Medical Association called for public consultation where rationing of services was to be undertaken. The approach to priority setting advocated by many health economists is the maximization of quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Typically, for a particular health care programme, the QALY calculation takes account of four features: (1) the number of patients receiving the programme, (2) the survival gain, (3) the gain in quality of life and, (4) the probability of treatment success. Only one feature, that relating to quality of life, is based upon public preferences. If the QALY is to be used as a tool for health care resource allocation at a societal level then it should incorporate broader societal preferences.
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
Methods This study used an interview-based survey of 91 members of the general public to explore whether the traditional QALY maximization model is a good predictor of public responses to health care priority setting choices.
Results and conclusions Many respondents did not choose consistently in line with a QALY maximization objective and were most influenced by quality of life concerns. There was little support for health care programmes that provided a prognostic improvement but left patients in relatively poor states of health. The level of respondent engagement in the survey exercise was not sensitive to the provision of supporting clinical information. 相似文献
972.
获得纯化的由大肠杆菌表达的小鼠 Fas配体(Fas ligand,FasL)。方法:以质粒 pET-15b为载体,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达小鼠的FasL,用金属螫合亲和层析法纯化。结果:转化菌中,重组质粒是稳定的,异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷可诱导小鼠FasL的表达 ,金属螫合亲和层析法可以初步纯化此蛋白。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达出小鼠的FasL,并得到初步纯化。 相似文献
973.
目的 比较常规疗法伍用增免灵与单用常规疗法对活动性肺结核的疗效及外周血T 淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法 抽取常规化疗组(61 例)、常规化疗加增免灵组(72 例) 及健康对照组(35 例) 患者外周血,用APAAP法测定外周血淋巴细胞亚群。结果 活动性肺结核患者外周血CD+3 及CD+4 百分率及CD+4 /CD+8 比值显著低于健康对照组( P< 0.05) ,CD+8 高于健康对照组。结论 短程化疗伍用增免灵可显著改善活动性肺结核的疗效及细胞免疫状况。 相似文献
974.
尾部悬吊及恢复过程中大鼠动脉血管收缩反应的变化 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 探讨模拟失重下动脉收缩反应变化的时程特征及其可逆性。方法 采用尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重,利用离休动脉环测定血管收缩反应的变化。结果 尾部悬吊2wk后,大鼠的腹主动脉、肠系膜动脉和股动脉收缩反应明显降低,而颈总动脉无明显改变;悬吊4wk后,肠系膜动脉和股动脉的收缩反应与悬吊2wk相比有进一步的降低;悬吊8wk大鼠的动脉血管收缩反应性与悬吊4wk相比无明显差异;4wk尾部悬吊大鼠解除悬吊后5wk 相似文献
975.
模拟失重大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉风各级血管内径的变化 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 探讨模拟失重是否可引起后肢肌肉小动脉网各级血管内径发生改变及其可逆性。方法 采用墨汁灌注法观察尾部悬吊4wk(SUS-4),悬吊4wk后恢复1wk(REC-1)、恢复5wk(REC-5),以及对照(CON)大鼠比目鱼肌小动脉网各组血管内径的变化。结果 在SUS-4组,比目鱼肌的营养动脉、弓状小动脉及V、Ⅱ级模行小动脉的内径,较CON组分别减小了31%、29%、28%及41%(均为P〈0.01 相似文献
976.
轻、中度缺氧对事件相关电位的影响及不同刺激模式的比较 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的 观察轻、中度缺氧对脑事件相关电位(ERP)的影响,比较不同刺激模式发的ERP对缺氧的敏感性,方法12名受试者在地面、2500m和4300m匠心同度(吸放低氧混合气)分别进行视觉Ocddball、Sternberg记忆量(MSET)为1 和MSET为3的任务测试,记录ERP的P3潜伏期、波幅和反应时(RT)及反应错误率(ER)。结果 4300m高度缺氧时P3潜伏期显著延长,任务难度较大时ER增 相似文献
977.
The CSF level of the isoprostane 8-epi-prostaglandin (PG)-F2alpha (a reliable marker of oxidative stress in vivo) was three times higher in subjects with definite MS than in a benchmark group of subjects with other neurologic diseases. This increase was not correlated with that of PGE2 levels, measured as an index of cyclooxygenase activity, and was much lower in steroid-treated patients. The levels of 8-epi-PGF2alpha were moderately correlated with the degree of disability. 相似文献
978.
The alphaII(b)beta3 integrin and FcgammaRII receptors mediate, respectively, platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen and immunoglobulin (IgG) coated surfaces. Platelet adhesion to fibrinogen resulted in a partial conversion of the faster to the slower migrating (phosphorylated) form of Ca(+2)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2) but failed to trigger arachidonic acid (AA) release. Full mobility shift of cPLA2 and a massive release of AA release were stimulated by platelet adhesion to IgG or addition of thrombin to the fibrinogen adherent platelets. IgG and thrombin induced AA production were blocked by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), an irreversible inhibitor of cPLA2 and the Ca(+2)-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2). In contrast, bromoenol lactone (BEL), a specific inhibitor of iPLA2 had no effect on the release of AA. MAFP and BEL prevented pp125FAK phosphorylation and platelet spreading on fibrinogen having no effect on pp125FAK phosphorylation or platelet spreading on immobilized IgG. We conclude that alpha(IIb)beta3-mediated pp125FAK phosphorylation and platelet spreading on fibrinogen are regulated by PLA2 enzymes. 相似文献
979.
980.
Health Matters A. PETERSEN & C. WADDELL, EDITORS Buckingham, Open University Press, 1998, IBSN 0 335 20261 6 (hbk), 0 335 20260 8 (pbk)
Madness in its Place: Narratives of Severalls Hospital, 1913–1997 DIANA GITTINS London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415 183888-X
Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches KEITH PUNCH London, Sage, 1998, 319 pp., price not stated, ISBN 0 7619 5812 6 (hbk), 0 7619 5813 4 (pbk) 相似文献