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991.
Phillip J. Tully Robert A. Baker Deborah A. Turnbull Helen R. Winefield John L. Knight 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2009,32(6):510-522
The specific syndromal aspects of depression and anxiety have not been explored in relation to changes in health related quality of life (HRQOL) after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of general stress, depression and anxiety on HRQOL after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Utilizing a tripartite conceptual model of depression and anxiety, it was hypothesized that general stress symptoms, rather than unique depressive or anxiogenic symptoms, would be associated with lower HRQOL 6 months after CABG surgery. Elective CABG patients (n = 226) completed baseline and postoperative self-report measures of negative emotions and HRQOL, and 193 patients completed these measures at 6-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses and logit link analyses were performed to test the hypothesis. Elevated depression symptoms before and after surgery showed an association with lower and worse HRQOL for vitality and social role functioning and physical and general health. This study adds to previous research by outlining discrete associations between specific HRQOL domains, and is perhaps the first to test a theoretical model of depression and anxiety in relation to cardiac CABG patients’ perceptions of HRQOL. These findings encourage further research on negative emotions and HRQOL in cardiac surgery patients and the practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Abstract: Stroke is an important cause of mortality and long-term morbidity in children. The aetiology of stroke in childhood differs from that of adults, with vasculopathies and congenital heart disease being the most commonly identified risk factors. Recognition and diagnosis are often delayed, limiting access to acute medical interventions such as thrombolysis. Optimal management of stroke in children is still not known and existing guidelines are at the level of expert consensus. Interdisciplinary childhood stroke programmes are required to meet the needs of this population and to contribute to the development of evidence-based therapies. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Kristin L Campbell Kim C Westerlind Vicki J Harber Gordon J Bell John R Mackey Kerry S Courneya 《Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention》2007,16(4):731-739
BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity may alter estrogen metabolism, a proposed biomarker of breast cancer risk, by shifting metabolism to favor production of 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1). Few studies, however, have examined this question using a randomized controlled trial. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training on 2-OHE1 and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha-OHE1) in premenopausal women. METHODS: Participants were healthy, regularly menstruating, Caucasian women, 20 to 35 years, body mass index of 18 to 29.9, not using pharmacologic contraceptives, with average or below average fitness [maximal oxygen consumption (VO(2max)), <40 mL/kg/min]. Following a baseline menstrual cycle, participants (N = 32) were randomly assigned to a 12-week aerobic exercise training intervention (n = 17) or usual lifestyle (n = 15). Height, body mass, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and VO(2max) were measured at baseline and following the intervention. Urine samples were collected in the luteal phase of four consecutive menstrual cycles. RESULTS: The exercise group increased VO(2max) by 14% and had significant, although modest, improvements in fat and lean body mass. No significant between-group differences were observed, however, for the changes in 2-OHE1 (P = 0.944), 16alpha-OHE1 (P = 0.411), or the ratio of 2-OHE1 to 16alpha-OHE1 (P = 0.317). At baseline, there was an inverse association between body fat and 2-OHE1 to 16alpha-OHE1 ratio (r = -0.40; P = 0.044); however, it was the change in lean body mass over the intervention that was positively associated with a change in 2-OHE1 to 16alpha-OHE1 ratio (r = 0.43; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week aerobic exercise training intervention significantly improved aerobic fitness and body composition but did not alter estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women. Interestingly, an increase in lean body mass was associated with a favorable change in 2-OHE1 to 16alpha-OHE1 ratio. 相似文献
997.
Philip RK Turnbull Algis J Vingrys Michael Kalloniatis 《Clinical & experimental optometry》2007,90(6):457-462
This report describes the short‐ and long‐term ocular signs and symptoms of a patient with an orbital blow‐out fracture and discusses the differential diagnosis of vertical diplopia. A blow‐out fracture occurs when blunt trauma is applied either directly to the eyeball itself or the orbital rim and usually results in a fracture of the orbital floor with consequential excavation and entrapment of orbital contents in the fracture. Vertical diplopia is a common presenting symptom for a blow‐out fracture of the orbit but careful considerations should be given to other potential conditions leading to such diplopia. A patient is presented who suffered a blow‐out fracture almost a decade earlier, secondary to blunt trauma to the globe. The clinical findings are provided immediately after the trauma, post‐surgery and during a recent ocular examination. 相似文献
998.
999.
For many chronic diseases, the influence of genetics is complex and phenotypes do not conform to simple Mendelian patterns of inheritance. Discussed here are two types of genetic influences on healthy aging. The first involves variation in the gene sequence itself and how this may influence disease susceptibility, progression, and severity, interacting with other recognized risk factors. The second involves epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that may potentially provide insight into how environmental influences affect the expressed genome, thus improving our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying multifactorial diseases. The interleukin-1 family of cytokines can be used to illustrate how genetic sequence variation may affect such diseases. This cytokine family plays a key role in mediating inflammation, which is now understood to be a central component of a growing number of chronic diseases. Recent work has revealed many sequence variations in the regulatory DNA of genes encoding important members of the interleukin-1 family, and these variations are associated with differential effects on the inflammatory response. The interactions of environmental factors with both DNA sequence variations and epigenetic modifications are likely to determine the phenotypes of multifactorial diseases of aging as well as the phenotype of healthy aging. 相似文献
1000.
David Gwyn Seymour John M. Starr Helen C. Fox Helen A. Lemmon Ian J. Deary Gordon J. Prescott Lawrence J. Whalley 《Quality of life research》2008,17(1):11-20
Background The direct-weighted Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life, Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) is an individualised
measure of QoL that has been little used in very elderly people.
Methods We administered SEIQoL-DW during Wave 5 of the Aberdeen Birth Cohort 1921 Study (ABC1921) and sought statistical correlations
with other variables in the data set. ABC1921 participants had been IQ-tested in 1932 at age 11. Since 1997, data about cognition,
mental/physical function, personality, health, and socioeconomic status have been gathered in five waves of investigations.
Results Ninety-six out of 98 individuals, mean age 82.2, completed the SEIQoL-DW. Health, family, relationships, finances and social
pastimes were the commonest cues nominated, but age/gender differences existed. The mean SEIQoL-DW score (74.0) was significantly
lower than in an approximately 60% sample from Wave 3, the fall being greater in men. Variables statistically associated with
Wave 5 SEIQoL-DW usually reflected current rather than past status [including Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) components
and depression], although there were weaker correlations with years of education, housing in childhood, conscientiousness,
and IQ in 1998.
Conclusions SEIQoL-DW proved feasible and acceptable in community-dwelling octogenarians. Recent (i.e. statelike) rather than early or
long-standing (i.e. traitlike) influences appeared to have the greater effect on QoL. 相似文献