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41.
Treatment of rats with the K(ATP)+ channel antagonist sulfonylurea, glyburide (3 mg/kg/day, i.p., every 12 hr for 9 days), increased the Bmax value of [3H]glyburide binding to heart and whole brain total membranes by 30 and 24%, respectively. The ligand affinity was unaltered. Treatment with the K+ channel activator, pinacidil (20 mg/kg/day, i.p., every 12 hr for 9 days), did not alter the Bmax value for cardiac [3H]glyburide binding sites, but decreased the Bmax value in the brain by 21%. Chronic administration of hydralazine, which caused an acute reduction in systolic blood pressure equivalent to that of pinacidil, did not alter [3H]glyburide binding in either heart or brain. Treatment with glyburide, pinacidil or hydralazine did not alter L-type calcium channels, assessed by [3H]PN 200 110 binding, in cardiac and brain membranes or small size Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in brain assessed by [125I]apamin binding. These studies show that the ATP-sensitive class of K+ channels can be regulated following chronic drug treatment in similar fashion to other receptor and channel systems. 相似文献
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Gopanraj G Dan M Shiburaj S Sethuraman MG George V 《Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia)》2005,55(3):315-320
The composition of essential oil from the rhizomes of Hedychium larsenii M. Dan & Sathish was examined by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. 99% of the oil consisted of monoterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids were present only in negligible quantities. Linalool and 1,8-cineole were identified as the major components. The oil showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 相似文献
45.
Background
The successful conduct of fiberoptic aided intubation is dependent upon effective local anaesthesia. The aim of the study was to compare three different methods of anaesthetizing the airway.Methods
60 adult patients (American Society of Anaesthesiologists status I-III and Mallampati class III & IV), scheduled for elective surgery, received sedation followed by spraying of the nares and posterior pharyngeal wall with 4% lignocaine. Thereafter the patients received 4 ml of 4% lignocaine either by transtracheal injection (n=20, group A), via intubating fiberscope (Pentax F1-10P2) using ‘spray as you go’ technique (n=20, group B) or by nebulizer (Devilbiss 5610W) 20 min before intubation, (n=20, group C). Patients were asked to score the procedure using visual analog scale (VAS) and severity scores. Episodes of coughing, choking, stridor, extra / total local anaesthetic used and intubation times were recorded. Patients were monitored continuously for vital parameters.Results
Group B patients showed better VAS scores with shorter intubation times and had a lower incidence of coughing and choking. The endoscopists’ VAS scores also showed a preference for group B.Conclusion
In conclusion the ‘spray as you go’ technique was safe, provided effective local anaesthesia and was preferred by both patients and endoscopists.Key Words: Awake intubation, Difficult airway, Fiberoptic intubation 相似文献46.
Background
The present study was conducted to study the efficacy and toxicity profile of methotrexate chloroquine combination in treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis.Methods
24 patients of rheumatoid arthritis confirming to revised American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria were studied prospectively for twenty months. Clinical evaluation was made every 3 months. Clinical disease variables measured at each visit were number of joints with swelling, number of joints with tenderness and pain, duration of morning stiffness and physician and patient assessment of disease activity. Blood counts, liver function tests and other adverse effects due to drugs were monitored every 2 months.Results
10 patients demonstrated more than 50% improvement. 4 patients withdrew from study, 2 because of excessive nausea and vomiting and 2 because of noncompliance. Other side effects noted were hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, skin rashes, raised transaminases and stomatitis.Conclusion
Methotrexate chloroquine combination has good efficacy and toxicity profile. Gastrointestinal side effects are most common and usually responsible for the discontinuation of the drugs.Key Words: Rheumatoid arthritis, Methotrexate, Chloroquine, Efficacy, Toxicity 相似文献47.
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Ghafoor AU Martin TW Gopalakrishnan S Viswamitra S 《Journal of clinical anesthesia》2005,17(8):640-649
PURPOSE: Anesthesiologists are often involved in the early management and resuscitation of patients who have sustained cervical spine injuries (CSIs). The most crucial step in managing a patient with suspected CSI is the prevention of further insult to the cervical spine (C-spine). In this review, important factors related to initial management, diagnosis, airway and anesthetic management of patients with CSI are presented. SOURCE: Medline search was performed to seek out the English-language literature using the following phrases and keywords: spine trauma; cervical spine; airway management after CSI. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Cervical spine injury occurs in up to 3% to 6% of all patients with trauma. The initial management of a patient with potential spine injury requires a high degree of suspicion for CSI so that early stabilization of the spine can be used to prevent further neurological damage. Diagnostic radiology has a critical role to play; however, clinical evaluation is equally important in excluding CSI in a conscious and cooperative patient. Although in-line stabilization reduces the movement at C-spine, traction causes clinically significant distraction and should be avoided. CONCLUSION: A high level of suspicion and anticipation are the major components of decision making and management in a patient with CSI. Endotracheal intubation using the Bullard laryngoscope may have some advantages over other techniques as it causes less head and C-spine extension than the conventional laryngoscope, and this results in a better view. However, the current opinion is that oral intubation using a Macintosh blade after intravenous induction of anesthesia and muscle relaxation along with inline stabilization is the safest and quickest way to achieve intubation in a patient with suspected CSI. In summation caution, close care and maintenance of spinal immobilization are more important factors in limiting the risk of secondary neurological injury than any particular technique. 相似文献